Add core support for extendable authentication

add support for passwordless user creation; add filament loading support
for new laravel modules namespacing;
add support for pluggable password reset and login rules

.github/workflows/build-onpremise.yml

@@ -46,9 +46,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: "Get Previous tag (normal push)"
         id: previoustag
         if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
-        uses: "WyriHaximus/github-action-get-previous-tag@v1"
+        uses: "WyriHaximus/github-action-get-previous-tag@v2"
         with:
-          prefix: "v"
+          pattern: "v*[0-9].*[0-9].*[0-9]"
 
       - name: "Get version"
         id: release-version
@@ -140,11 +140,11 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
 
       - name: "Set up Docker Buildx"
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
 
       - name: "Build and push by digest"
         id: build
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: .
           file: docker/prod/Dockerfile
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ jobs:
           touch "${{ runner.temp }}/digests/${digest#sha256:}"
 
       - name: "Upload digest"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: digests-${{ env.PLATFORM_PAIR }}
           path: ${{ runner.temp }}/digests/*
@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ jobs:
           password: ${{ secrets.ONPREMISE_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: "Set up Docker Buildx"
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
 
       - name: "Docker meta"
         id: meta

.github/workflows/build-private.yml

@@ -33,9 +33,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: "Get Previous tag (normal push)"
         id: previoustag
         if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
-        uses: "WyriHaximus/github-action-get-previous-tag@v1"
+        uses: "WyriHaximus/github-action-get-previous-tag@v2"
         with:
-          prefix: "v"
+          pattern: "v*[0-9].*[0-9].*[0-9]"
 
       - name: "Get version"
         id: version
@@ -182,10 +182,10 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
 
       - name: "Set up Docker Buildx"
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
 
       - name: "Build and push"
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: .
           build-args: |

.github/workflows/build-public.yml

@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ jobs:
       - name: "Get Previous tag (normal push)"
         id: previoustag
         if: ${{ !startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/v') }}
-        uses: "WyriHaximus/github-action-get-previous-tag@v1"
+        uses: "WyriHaximus/github-action-get-previous-tag@v2"
         with:
-          prefix: "v"
+          pattern: "v*[0-9].*[0-9].*[0-9]"
 
       - name: "Get version"
         id: release-version
@@ -132,11 +132,11 @@ jobs:
         uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v4
 
       - name: "Set up Docker Buildx"
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
 
       - name: "Build and push by digest"
         id: build
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@v7
         with:
           context: .
           file: docker/prod/Dockerfile
@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ jobs:
           touch "${{ runner.temp }}/digests/${digest#sha256:}"
 
       - name: "Upload digest"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: digests-${{ env.PLATFORM_PAIR }}
           path: ${{ runner.temp }}/digests/*
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ jobs:
           password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
 
       - name: "Set up Docker Buildx"
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v4
 
       - name: "Docker meta"
         id: meta

.github/workflows/generate-api-docs.yml

@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
         run: php artisan scramble:export --path=build/api-docs.json
 
       - name: "Upload API docs to GitHub"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: api-docs.json
           path: build/api-docs.json

.github/workflows/npm-test-unit.yml

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
       - name: "Checkout code"
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: "Use Node.js"
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: '20.x'
 

.github/workflows/playwright.yml

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ jobs:
           MAILPIT_BASE_URL: 'http://localhost:8025'
 
       - name: "Upload blob report"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         if: always()
         with:
           name: blob-report-${{ matrix.shardIndex }}
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: "Setup node"
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
         with:
           node-version: '20.x'
 
@@ -120,7 +120,7 @@ jobs:
         run: npx playwright merge-reports --reporter html ./all-blob-reports
 
       - name: "Upload merged HTML report"
-        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v7
         with:
           name: playwright-report
           path: playwright-report/

app/Actions/Fortify/ResetUserPassword.php

@@ -5,8 +5,12 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace App\Actions\Fortify;
 
 use App\Models\User;
+use App\Providers\FortifyServiceProvider;
+use Illuminate\Auth\Passwords\PasswordBroker;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Hash;
+use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Password;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Validator;
+use Illuminate\Validation\ValidationException;
 use Laravel\Fortify\Contracts\ResetsUserPasswords;
 
 class ResetUserPassword implements ResetsUserPasswords
@@ -20,6 +24,16 @@ class ResetUserPassword implements ResetsUserPasswords
      */
     public function reset(User $user, array $input): void
     {
+        if (! FortifyServiceProvider::canResetPassword($user, $input)) {
+            /** @var PasswordBroker $broker */
+            $broker = Password::broker(config('fortify.passwords'));
+            $broker->deleteToken($user);
+
+            throw ValidationException::withMessages([
+                'email' => [__('This password reset link is invalid.')],
+            ]);
+        }
+
         Validator::make($input, [
             'password' => $this->passwordRules(),
         ])->validate();

app/Models/User.php

@@ -145,11 +145,21 @@ class User extends Authenticatable implements AuditableContract, FilamentUser, M
         return 'https://ui-avatars.com/api/?name='.urlencode($name).'&color=7F9CF5&background=EBF4FF';
     }
 
-    public function canAccessPanel(Panel $panel): bool
+    public function isSuperAdmin(): bool
     {
         return in_array($this->email, config('auth.super_admins', []), true) && $this->hasVerifiedEmail();
     }
 
+    public function hasLocalPassword(): bool
+    {
+        return is_string($this->password) && $this->password !== '';
+    }
+
+    public function canAccessPanel(Panel $panel): bool
+    {
+        return $this->isSuperAdmin();
+    }
+
     public function isMemberOfOrganization(Organization $organization): bool
     {
         if ($this->relationLoaded('organizations')) {

app/Providers/Filament/AdminPanelProvider.php

@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ use Illuminate\Session\Middleware\StartSession;
 use Illuminate\Support\Facades\App;
 use Illuminate\View\Middleware\ShareErrorsFromSession;
 use Nwidart\Modules\Facades\Module;
+use Nwidart\Modules\Laravel\Module as LaravelModule;
 use pxlrbt\FilamentEnvironmentIndicator\EnvironmentIndicatorPlugin;
 
 class AdminPanelProvider extends PanelProvider
@@ -91,22 +92,77 @@ class AdminPanelProvider extends PanelProvider
         $modules = Module::allEnabled();
 
         foreach ($modules as $module) {
+            $moduleNamespace = $this->getModuleAppNamespace($module);
+
             $panel->discoverResources(
                 in: module_path($module->getName(), 'app/Filament/Resources'),
-                for: 'Extensions\\'.$module->getName().'\\App\\Filament\\Resources'
+                for: $moduleNamespace.'\\Filament\\Resources'
             );
 
             $panel->discoverPages(
                 in: module_path($module->getName(), 'app/Filament/Pages'),
-                for: 'Extensions\\'.$module->getName().'\\App\\Filament\\Pages'
+                for: $moduleNamespace.'\\Filament\\Pages'
             );
 
             $panel->discoverWidgets(
                 in: module_path($module->getName(), 'app/Filament/Widgets'),
-                for: 'Extensions\\'.$module->getName().'\\App\\Filament\\Widgets'
+                for: $moduleNamespace.'\\Filament\\Widgets'
             );
         }
 
         return $panel;
     }
+
+    /** @var array<string, string> Cache of module name => resolved app namespace. */
+    private static array $moduleAppNamespaces = [];
+
+    private function getModuleAppNamespace(LaravelModule $module): string
+    {
+        return self::$moduleAppNamespaces[$module->getName()] ??= $this->resolveModuleAppNamespace($module);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Resolve the PHP namespace mapped to a module's app/ directory so the
+     * Filament panel can discover its Resources/Pages/Widgets under the right
+     * namespace.
+     *
+     * Two module layouts currently coexist in this repo:
+     *   - laravel-modules v12 (app_folder enabled): a bare namespace maps to
+     *     app/ — e.g. "Extensions\SSO\" => app/, so classes are
+     *     Extensions\SSO\Filament\... (this is the current convention).
+     *   - the older layout: an "...\App" namespace maps to app/ — e.g.
+     *     "Extensions\Billing\App\" => app/, so classes are
+     *     Extensions\Billing\App\Filament\...
+     *
+     * The package's own namespace derivation assumes the v12 (bare) layout and
+     * would mis-resolve the legacy modules, so we read each module's composer
+     * PSR-4 map and use whichever namespace actually points at app/. The legacy
+     * "...\App" shape is only a fallback for when composer is missing/unreadable.
+     * Once every module adopts the bare layout this collapses to
+     * config('modules.namespace').'\\'.$module->getName().
+     */
+    private function resolveModuleAppNamespace(LaravelModule $module): string
+    {
+        $fallback = 'Extensions\\'.$module->getName().'\\App';
+
+        $composerPath = module_path($module->getName(), 'composer.json');
+        $psr4 = [];
+        if (is_file($composerPath)) {
+            $composer = json_decode((string) file_get_contents($composerPath), true);
+            $psr4 = is_array($composer) ? ($composer['autoload']['psr-4'] ?? []) : [];
+        }
+
+        foreach ((array) $psr4 as $namespace => $path) {
+            if (is_string($namespace) && $this->normalizeComposerPath($path) === 'app') {
+                return rtrim($namespace, '\\');
+            }
+        }
+
+        return $fallback;
+    }
+
+    private function normalizeComposerPath(mixed $path): string
+    {
+        return trim(str_replace('\\', '/', (string) $path), '/');
+    }
 }

app/Providers/FortifyServiceProvider.php

@@ -25,6 +25,73 @@ use Laravel\Fortify\Fortify;
 
 class FortifyServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
 {
+    /**
+     * Dummy bcrypt hash compared against when no user matches the submitted
+     * email. Hash::check is run against it so login takes the same time whether
+     * or not the email exists — otherwise an unknown email would skip the
+     * (deliberately slow) hash and return faster, letting an attacker enumerate
+     * registered accounts by timing the response. The plaintext is irrelevant:
+     * it is only ever checked against attacker-supplied input and never matches.
+     */
+    private const ABSENT_USER_PASSWORD_HASH = '$2y$12$92IXUNpkjO0rOQ5byMi.Ye4oKoEa3Ro9llC/.og/at2.uheWG/igi';
+
+    /**
+     * Authorization rules applied AFTER the password is verified. Each rule
+     * receives the authenticated user + request and returns whether the login
+     * may proceed; any rule returning false denies it. This is an extension
+     * point: modules (e.g. SSO enforcement) add a rule to veto a password login
+     * instead of replacing this credential check — which would silently drift
+     * from the host logic the next time it changes.
+     *
+     * @var array<int, \Closure(User, Request): bool>
+     */
+    protected static array $loginRules = [];
+
+    /**
+     * Authorization rules applied before a password reset is completed. Rules
+     * receive the user being reset + submitted input and return whether the
+     * local reset flow may set a new password for that account.
+     *
+     * @var array<int, \Closure(User, array<string, mixed>): bool>
+     */
+    protected static array $passwordResetRules = [];
+
+    /**
+     * Register an additional rule that gates password login (see $loginRules).
+     *
+     * @param  \Closure(User, Request): bool  $rule
+     */
+    public static function authenticateUsingRule(\Closure $rule): void
+    {
+        static::$loginRules[] = $rule;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Register an additional rule that gates password reset completion.
+     *
+     * @param  \Closure(User, array<string, mixed>): bool  $rule
+     */
+    public static function resetPasswordUsingRule(\Closure $rule): void
+    {
+        static::$passwordResetRules[] = $rule;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Check whether the given user may complete the local password reset flow.
+     *
+     * @param  array<string, mixed>  $input
+     */
+    public static function canResetPassword(User $user, array $input = []): bool
+    {
+        foreach (static::$passwordResetRules as $rule) {
+            if (! $rule($user, $input)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Register any application services.
      */
@@ -92,7 +159,23 @@ class FortifyServiceProvider extends ServiceProvider
                 ->where('is_placeholder', '=', false)
                 ->first();
 
-            if ($user !== null && Hash::check($request->password, $user->password)) {
+            // Always run the hash check — against the real hash, or a dummy when
+            // there is no user — so login timing is identical either way (see
+            // ABSENT_USER_PASSWORD_HASH). Passwordless accounts (SSO-only users
+            // have password = null) fail here, so they cannot password-login.
+            $existingPasswordHash = $user->password ?? self::ABSENT_USER_PASSWORD_HASH;
+
+            $passwordIsValid = Hash::check((string) $request->password, $existingPasswordHash);
+
+            if ($user !== null && $passwordIsValid) {
+                // Credentials are valid; now apply any registered authorization
+                // rules (e.g. SSO enforcement may still block password login).
+                foreach (static::$loginRules as $rule) {
+                    if (! $rule($user, $request)) {
+                        return null;
+                    }
+                }
+
                 return $user;
             }
 

app/Service/UserService.php

@@ -48,6 +48,56 @@ class UserService
         }
         $user->save();
 
+        $this->createDefaultOrganizationForUser(
+            $user,
+            $currency,
+            $numberFormat,
+            $currencyFormat,
+            $dateFormat,
+            $intervalFormat,
+            $timeFormat,
+        );
+
+        return $user;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Create a user without a password (e.g. provisioned via SSO). Such users
+     * can only authenticate through a linked identity provider.
+     */
+    public function createPasswordlessUser(
+        string $name,
+        string $email,
+        string $timezone,
+        Weekday $weekStart,
+        ?string $currency,
+        bool $verifyEmail = false
+    ): User {
+        $user = new User;
+        $user->name = $name;
+        $user->email = strtolower($email);
+        $user->password = null;
+        $user->timezone = $timezone;
+        $user->week_start = $weekStart;
+        if ($verifyEmail) {
+            $user->email_verified_at = Carbon::now();
+        }
+        $user->save();
+
+        $this->createDefaultOrganizationForUser($user, $currency);
+
+        return $user;
+    }
+
+    private function createDefaultOrganizationForUser(
+        User $user,
+        ?string $currency,
+        ?NumberFormat $numberFormat = null,
+        ?CurrencyFormat $currencyFormat = null,
+        ?DateFormat $dateFormat = null,
+        ?IntervalFormat $intervalFormat = null,
+        ?TimeFormat $timeFormat = null,
+    ): void {
         $organizations = app(InvitationService::class)->processAcceptedInvitations($user);
 
         if ($organizations->isEmpty()) {
@@ -64,8 +114,6 @@ class UserService
             );
             $this->switchCurrentOrganization($user, $organization);
         }
-
-        return $user;
     }
 
     /**

resources/js/Pages/Auth/Login.vue

@@ -7,10 +7,16 @@ import { Field, FieldLabel, FieldError } from '@/packages/ui/src/field';
 import PrimaryButton from '@/packages/ui/src/Buttons/PrimaryButton.vue';
 import TextInput from '@/packages/ui/src/Input/TextInput.vue';
 
-defineProps({
-    canResetPassword: Boolean,
-    status: String,
-});
+withDefaults(
+    defineProps<{
+        canResetPassword?: boolean;
+        status?: string;
+    }>(),
+    {
+        canResetPassword: false,
+        status: '',
+    }
+);
 
 const form = useForm({
     email: '',
@@ -28,8 +34,8 @@ const submit = () => {
 };
 
 const page = usePage<{
-    flash: {
-        message: string;
+    flash?: {
+        message?: string;
     };
 }>();
 </script>
@@ -61,6 +67,9 @@ const page = usePage<{
             {{ page.props.flash?.message }}
         </div>
 
+        <!-- Extension seam: alternative-auth errors (e.g. SSO callback failures) -->
+        <slot name="error" />
+
         <form @submit.prevent="submit">
             <Field>
                 <FieldLabel for="email">Email</FieldLabel>
@@ -103,5 +112,8 @@ const page = usePage<{
                 </PrimaryButton>
             </div>
         </form>
+
+        <!-- Extension seam: alternative auth methods (e.g. SSO providers) -->
+        <slot name="alternatives" />
     </AuthenticationCard>
 </template>

resources/js/Pages/Teams/Show.vue

@@ -43,17 +43,17 @@ onMounted(async () => {
                 <template v-else>
                     <UpdateTeamNameForm :team="team" :permissions="permissions" />
 
-                    <SectionBorder />
+                    <SectionBorder v-if="permissions.canUpdateTeam" />
                     <OrganizationBillableRate v-if="permissions.canUpdateTeam" :team="team" />
-                    <SectionBorder />
 
+                    <SectionBorder v-if="permissions.canUpdateTeam" />
                     <OrganizationFormatSettings v-if="permissions.canUpdateTeam" :team="team" />
-                    <SectionBorder />
 
+                    <SectionBorder v-if="permissions.canUpdateTeam" />
                     <OrganizationTimeEntrySettings v-if="permissions.canUpdateTeam" />
-                    <SectionBorder />
 
                     <template v-if="permissions.canDeleteTeam">
+                        <SectionBorder />
                         <DeleteTeamForm class="mt-10 sm:mt-0" :team="team" />
                     </template>
                 </template>

resources/js/app.ts

@@ -10,35 +10,73 @@ import { QueryClient, VueQueryPlugin } from '@tanstack/vue-query';
 import { type DefineComponent } from 'vue';
 import { setupPrefetching } from '@/utils/prefetch';
 
+interface ExtensionManifest {
+    name?: string;
+    alias?: string;
+}
+
 const appName = import.meta.env.VITE_APP_NAME || 'Laravel';
 const pinia = createPinia();
 const queryClient = new QueryClient();
+const extensionManifests = import.meta.glob('../../extensions/**/module.json', {
+    eager: true,
+    import: 'default',
+}) as Record<string, ExtensionManifest>;
+// BillingPortal is a Vue 2 component and must not be bundled into the Vue 3 app.
+const extensionPages = import.meta.glob<DefineComponent>([
+    '../../extensions/**/resources/js/Pages/**/*.vue',
+    '!**/BillingPortal.vue',
+]);
+const extensionDirectories = Object.entries(extensionManifests).reduce<Record<string, string>>(
+    (directories, [path, manifest]) => {
+        const match = path.match(/^\.\.\/\.\.\/extensions\/([^/]+)\/module\.json$/);
+        const extensionDirectory = match?.[1];
+
+        if (extensionDirectory === undefined) {
+            return directories;
+        }
+
+        for (const key of [manifest.name, manifest.alias, extensionDirectory]) {
+            if (typeof key !== 'string' || key === '') {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            directories[key] = extensionDirectory;
+            directories[key.toLowerCase()] = extensionDirectory;
+        }
+
+        return directories;
+    },
+    {}
+);
+
+function resolveExtensionDirectory(moduleName: string): string {
+    return (
+        extensionDirectories[moduleName] ??
+        extensionDirectories[moduleName.toLowerCase()] ??
+        moduleName
+    );
+}
 
 createInertiaApp({
     title: (title) => `${title} - ${appName}`,
     resolve: (name) => {
-        if (name.includes('Invoicing::')) {
-            const [module, page] = name.split('::');
+        // "Module::Page" (both halves present) resolves to that extension's page
+        // directory; everything else is a host page under resources/js/Pages.
+        const [module, ...pageSegments] = name.split('::');
+        const page = pageSegments.join('::');
 
-            const pagePath = module
-                ? `../../extensions/${module}/resources/js/Pages/${page}.vue`
-                : `./Pages/${page}.vue`;
+        if (module && page) {
+            const extensionDirectory = resolveExtensionDirectory(module);
+            const pagePath = `../../extensions/${extensionDirectory}/resources/js/Pages/${page}.vue`;
 
-            // BillingPortal is a Vue 2 Component and therefore should not be imported
-            const pages = module
-                ? import.meta.glob<DefineComponent>([
-                      '../../extensions/**/resources/js/Pages/*.vue',
-                      '!**/BillingPortal.vue',
-                  ])
-                : import.meta.glob<DefineComponent>('./Pages/**/*.vue');
-
-            return resolvePageComponent(pagePath, pages);
-        } else {
-            return resolvePageComponent(
-                `./Pages/${name}.vue`,
-                import.meta.glob<DefineComponent>('./Pages/**/*.vue')
-            );
+            return resolvePageComponent(pagePath, extensionPages);
         }
+
+        return resolvePageComponent(
+            `./Pages/${name}.vue`,
+            import.meta.glob<DefineComponent>('./Pages/**/*.vue')
+        );
     },
     setup({ el, App, props, plugin }) {
         const app = createApp({ render: () => h(App, props) });

tests/Unit/Service/UserServiceTest.php

@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace Tests\Unit\Service;
 
 use App\Enums\Role;
+use App\Enums\Weekday;
 use App\Models\Member;
 use App\Models\Organization;
+use App\Models\OrganizationInvitation;
 use App\Models\Project;
 use App\Models\ProjectMember;
 use App\Models\TimeEntry;
@@ -135,4 +137,60 @@ class UserServiceTest extends TestCase
         $this->assertSame(Role::Owner->value, $newMember->role);
         $this->assertSame($newOrganization->getKey(), $user->currentOrganization->getKey());
     }
+
+    public function test_create_passwordless_user_joins_accepted_invitation_organization_instead_of_creating_personal_one(): void
+    {
+        // Arrange — an accepted invitation exists for the email (e.g. the user
+        // followed the invite link, then signs up via SSO). Casing differs to
+        // prove the email is normalised before the invitation is matched.
+        $organization = Organization::factory()->create();
+        OrganizationInvitation::factory()
+            ->forOrganization($organization)
+            ->role(Role::Employee)
+            ->accepted()
+            ->create([
+                'email' => 'invitee@example.com',
+            ]);
+
+        // Act
+        $user = $this->userService->createPasswordlessUser(
+            'Invitee',
+            'Invitee@Example.com',
+            'UTC',
+            Weekday::Monday,
+            null,
+        );
+
+        // Assert — invitation is materialised, no personal organization is created
+        $this->assertNull($user->password);
+        $this->assertDatabaseMissing(OrganizationInvitation::class, [
+            'email' => 'invitee@example.com',
+        ]);
+        $user->refresh();
+        $this->assertSame(1, $user->organizations()->count());
+        $this->assertSame($organization->getKey(), $user->organizations()->first()->getKey());
+        $member = Member::whereBelongsTo($user)->whereBelongsTo($organization)->firstOrFail();
+        $this->assertSame(Role::Employee->value, $member->role);
+    }
+
+    public function test_create_passwordless_user_creates_personal_organization_when_no_invitation_exists(): void
+    {
+        // Act
+        $user = $this->userService->createPasswordlessUser(
+            'Solo User',
+            'solo@example.com',
+            'UTC',
+            Weekday::Monday,
+            null,
+        );
+
+        // Assert — a personal organization is created, owned by the user and set current
+        $user->refresh();
+        $this->assertNull($user->password);
+        $this->assertSame(1, $user->organizations()->count());
+        $organization = $user->organizations()->first();
+        $this->assertTrue($organization->personal_team);
+        $this->assertSame($user->getKey(), $organization->user_id);
+        $this->assertSame($organization->getKey(), $user->currentOrganization->getKey());
+    }
 }