chore(deps): update Golang and pdfcpu version

chore(deps): bump go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk from 1.44.0 to 1.45.0
Bumps [go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go) from 1.44.0 to 1.45.0. - [Release notes](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go/releases) - [Changelog](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go/blob/main/CHANGELOG.md) - [Commits](https://github.com/open-telemetry/opentelemetry-go/compare/v1.44.0...v1.45.0) --- updated-dependencies: - dependency-name: go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk dependency-version: 1.45.0 dependency-type: direct:production update-type: version-update:semver-minor ... Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>
2026-08-08 00:22:14 +01:00 · 2026-08-07 13:47:41 +02:00 · 2026-08-07 13:46:53 +02:00 · 2026-08-07 13:46:22 +02:00 · 2026-08-07 13:44:30 +02:00 · 2026-08-07 13:43:48 +02:00
116 changed files with 7291 additions and 1498 deletions
--- a/.bruno/Chromium/Convert/HTML
+++ b/.bruno/Chromium/Convert/HTML
@@ -50,9 +50,19 @@ body:multipart-form {
  ~metadata: {"Author":"Bruno","Title":"Test"}
  ~userPassword:
  ~ownerPassword:
+  ~allowPrinting: false
+  ~allowCopying: false
+  ~allowModifying: false
+  ~allowAnnotating: false
+  ~allowFillingForms: false
+  ~allowAssembling: false
  ~embeds: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
  ~embeds: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_2.xml)
  ~embedsMetadata: {"embed_1.xml":{"mimeType":"text/xml","relationship":"Data"}, "embed_2.xml":{"mimeType":"text/xml","relationship":"Data"}}
+  ~facturxXml: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
+  ~facturxConformanceLevel: EN 16931
+  ~facturxDocumentType: INVOICE
+  ~facturxVersion: 1.0
  ~watermarkSource: text
  ~watermarkExpression: CONFIDENTIAL
  ~watermarkPages:
--- a/.bruno/Chromium/Convert/Markdown
+++ b/.bruno/Chromium/Convert/Markdown
@@ -51,9 +51,19 @@ body:multipart-form {
  ~metadata: {"Author":"Bruno","Title":"Test"}
  ~userPassword:
  ~ownerPassword:
+  ~allowPrinting: false
+  ~allowCopying: false
+  ~allowModifying: false
+  ~allowAnnotating: false
+  ~allowFillingForms: false
+  ~allowAssembling: false
  ~embeds: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
  ~embeds: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_2.xml)
  ~embedsMetadata: {"embed_1.xml":{"mimeType":"text/xml","relationship":"Data"}, "embed_2.xml":{"mimeType":"text/xml","relationship":"Data"}}
+  ~facturxXml: @file(../../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
+  ~facturxConformanceLevel: EN 16931
+  ~facturxDocumentType: INVOICE
+  ~facturxVersion: 1.0
  ~watermarkSource: text
  ~watermarkExpression: CONFIDENTIAL
  ~watermarkPages:
--- a/.bruno/Chromium/Convert/URL
+++ b/.bruno/Chromium/Convert/URL
@@ -50,9 +50,19 @@ body:multipart-form {
  ~metadata: {"Author":"Bruno","Title":"Test"}
  ~userPassword:
  ~ownerPassword:
+  ~allowPrinting: false
+  ~allowCopying: false
+  ~allowModifying: false
+  ~allowAnnotating: false
+  ~allowFillingForms: false
+  ~allowAssembling: false
  ~embeds: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
  ~embeds: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_2.xml)
  ~embedsMetadata: {"embed_1.xml":{"mimeType":"text/xml","relationship":"Data"}, "embed_2.xml":{"mimeType":"text/xml","relationship":"Data"}}
+  ~facturxXml: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
+  ~facturxConformanceLevel: EN 16931
+  ~facturxDocumentType: INVOICE
+  ~facturxVersion: 1.0
  ~watermarkSource: text
  ~watermarkExpression: CONFIDENTIAL
  ~watermarkPages:
--- a/.bruno/Chromium/Screenshot/HTML
+++ b/.bruno/Chromium/Screenshot/HTML
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ body:multipart-form {
  ~emulatedMediaType: screen
  ~emulatedMediaFeatures: {"prefers-color-scheme":"dark"}
  ~omitBackground: false
+  ~deviceScaleFactor: 1.0
 }

 headers {
--- a/.bruno/Chromium/Screenshot/Markdown
+++ b/.bruno/Chromium/Screenshot/Markdown
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ body:multipart-form {
  ~emulatedMediaType: screen
  ~emulatedMediaFeatures: {"prefers-color-scheme":"dark"}
  ~omitBackground: false
+  ~deviceScaleFactor: 1.0
 }

 headers {
--- a/.bruno/Chromium/Screenshot/URL
+++ b/.bruno/Chromium/Screenshot/URL
@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ body:multipart-form {
  ~emulatedMediaType: screen
  ~emulatedMediaFeatures: {"prefers-color-scheme":"dark"}
  ~omitBackground: false
+  ~deviceScaleFactor: 1.0
 }

 headers {
--- a/.bruno/LibreOffice/Convert
+++ b/.bruno/LibreOffice/Convert
@@ -67,9 +67,19 @@ body:multipart-form {
  ~metadata: {"Author":"Bruno","Title":"Test"}
  ~userPassword:
  ~ownerPassword:
+  ~allowPrinting: false
+  ~allowCopying: false
+  ~allowModifying: false
+  ~allowAnnotating: false
+  ~allowFillingForms: false
+  ~allowAssembling: false
  ~embeds: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
  ~embeds: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_2.xml)
  ~embedsMetadata: {"embed_1.xml":{"mimeType":"text/xml","relationship":"Data"}, "embed_2.xml":{"mimeType":"text/xml","relationship":"Data"}}
+  ~facturxXml: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
+  ~facturxConformanceLevel: EN 16931
+  ~facturxDocumentType: INVOICE
+  ~facturxVersion: 1.0
  ~watermarkSource: text
  ~watermarkExpression: CONFIDENTIAL
  ~watermarkPages:
--- a/Engines/Embed/Embed
+++ b/Engines/Embed/Embed
@@ -15,6 +15,10 @@ body:multipart-form {
  embeds: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
  embeds: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_2.xml)
  embedsMetadata: {"embed_1.xml":{"mimeType":"text/xml","relationship":"Data"}, "embed_2.xml":{"mimeType":"text/xml","relationship":"Data"}}
+  ~facturxXml: @file(../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
+  ~facturxConformanceLevel: EN 16931
+  ~facturxDocumentType: INVOICE
+  ~facturxVersion: 1.0
  ~downloadFrom: [{"url":"https://example.com/attachment.xml","embedded":true}]
 }

--- a/Engines/Encrypt/Encrypt
+++ b/Engines/Encrypt/Encrypt
@@ -14,6 +14,12 @@ body:multipart-form {
  files: @file(../../test/integration/testdata/page_1.pdf)
  userPassword: secret123
  ~ownerPassword: owner456
+  ~allowPrinting: false
+  ~allowCopying: false
+  ~allowModifying: false
+  ~allowAnnotating: false
+  ~allowFillingForms: false
+  ~allowAssembling: false
 }

 headers {
--- a/Engines/Factur-X/Inject
+++ b/Engines/Factur-X/Inject
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+meta {
+  name: Inject Factur-X XMP
+  type: http
+  seq: 1
+}
+
+post {
+  url: {{baseUrl}}/forms/pdfengines/factur-x
+  body: multipartForm
+  auth: none
+}
+
+body:multipart-form {
+  files: @file(../../test/integration/testdata/page_1.pdf)
+  facturxXml: @file(../../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
+  facturxConformanceLevel: EN 16931
+  ~facturxDocumentType: INVOICE
+  ~facturxVersion: 1.0
+}
+
+headers {
+  ~Gotenberg-Output-Filename: factur-x
+  ~Gotenberg-Webhook-Url: http://localhost:8080/webhook
+  ~Gotenberg-Webhook-Error-Url: http://localhost:8080/webhook/error
+  ~Gotenberg-Webhook-Events-Url: http://localhost:8080/webhook/events
+  ~Gotenberg-Webhook-Method: POST
+  ~Gotenberg-Webhook-Error-Method: POST
+  ~Gotenberg-Webhook-Extra-Http-Headers: {"X-Custom":"value"}
+}
--- a/Engines/Merge/Merge
+++ b/Engines/Merge/Merge
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ body:multipart-form {
  ~bookmarks: [{"title":"Page 1","page":1},{"title":"Page 2","page":2}]
  ~userPassword:
  ~ownerPassword:
+  ~allowPrinting: false
+  ~allowCopying: false
+  ~allowModifying: false
+  ~allowAnnotating: false
+  ~allowFillingForms: false
+  ~allowAssembling: false
  ~watermarkSource: text
  ~watermarkExpression: CONFIDENTIAL
  ~watermarkPages:
@@ -31,6 +37,10 @@ body:multipart-form {
  ~stampOptions: {"scale":"0.5 abs","rot":"45"}
  ~rotateAngle: 90
  ~rotatePages:
+  ~facturxXml: @file(../../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
+  ~facturxConformanceLevel: EN 16931
+  ~facturxDocumentType: INVOICE
+  ~facturxVersion: 1.0
 }

 headers {
--- a/Engines/Split/Split
+++ b/Engines/Split/Split
@@ -21,6 +21,12 @@ body:multipart-form {
  ~metadata: {"Author":"Bruno","Title":"Test"}
  ~userPassword:
  ~ownerPassword:
+  ~allowPrinting: false
+  ~allowCopying: false
+  ~allowModifying: false
+  ~allowAnnotating: false
+  ~allowFillingForms: false
+  ~allowAssembling: false
  ~watermarkSource: text
  ~watermarkExpression: CONFIDENTIAL
  ~watermarkPages:
@@ -31,6 +37,10 @@ body:multipart-form {
  ~stampOptions: {"scale":"0.5 abs","rot":"45"}
  ~rotateAngle: 90
  ~rotatePages:
+  ~facturxXml: @file(../../test/integration/testdata/embed_1.xml)
+  ~facturxConformanceLevel: EN 16931
+  ~facturxDocumentType: INVOICE
+  ~facturxVersion: 1.0
 }

 headers {
--- a/.github/dependabot.yml
+++ b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -12,6 +12,12 @@ updates:
    directory: "/"
    schedule:
      interval: "weekly"
+    ignore:
+      # Held at v0.14.2: v0.15.x breaks the headless print-mode paint pipeline
+      # (rAF / ResizeObserver / IntersectionObserver stop firing, blank charts).
+      # See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1535.
+      - dependency-name: "github.com/chromedp/chromedp"
+      - dependency-name: "github.com/chromedp/cdproto"
  - package-ecosystem: "npm"
    directory: "/"
    schedule:
--- a/.github/workflows/continuous-delivery.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/continuous-delivery.yml
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build and push
        id: build_push
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build and push
        id: build_push
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build and push
        id: build_push
@@ -104,7 +104,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build and push
        id: build_push
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build and push
        id: build_push
@@ -154,7 +154,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Merge
        uses: ./.github/actions/merge
--- a/.github/workflows/continuous-integration.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/continuous-integration.yml
@@ -21,10 +21,10 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v7
        with:
          go-version-file: go.mod

@@ -38,10 +38,10 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Setup Node.js
-        uses: actions/setup-node@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v7
        with:
          node-version-file: .node-version

@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Setup Go
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v6
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v7
        with:
          go-version-file: go.mod

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_test_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build, test and push
        id: build_test_push
@@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_test_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build, test and push
        id: build_test_push
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_test_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build, test and push
        id: build_test_push
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_test_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build, test and push
        id: build_test_push
@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_test_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build, test and push
        id: build_test_push
@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Merge
        uses: ./.github/actions/merge
@@ -322,7 +322,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_test_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build, test and push
        id: build_test_push
@@ -351,7 +351,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_test_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build, test and push
        id: build_test_push
@@ -380,7 +380,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_test_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build, test and push
        id: build_test_push
@@ -409,7 +409,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_test_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build, test and push
        id: build_test_push
@@ -438,7 +438,7 @@ jobs:
      tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice: ${{ steps.build_test_push.outputs.tags_aws_lambda_libreoffice }}
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Build, test and push
        id: build_test_push
@@ -460,7 +460,7 @@ jobs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Checkout source code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Merge
        uses: ./.github/actions/merge
--- a/.github/workflows/pull-request-cleanup.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/pull-request-cleanup.yml
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
    continue-on-error: true
    steps:
      - name: Check out code
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        uses: actions/checkout@v7

      - name: Cleanup
        uses: ./.github/actions/clean
--- a/CONTRIBUTING.md
+++ b/CONTRIBUTING.md
@@ -85,6 +85,15 @@ If a change violates backward compatibility, flag it as a breaking change in the
 - No panics in production code paths.
 - Validate input defensively.

+### Error messages
+
+Client- and operator-facing error messages state what failed, why when non-obvious, and how to fix it when a fix exists. Internal errors (the wrapped `fmt.Errorf` chains that only reach logs) are exempt; keep them precise and technical.
+
+- Client (HTTP response body): name the offending form field and its valid values. Never return a bare `http.StatusText()`.
+- Operator (startup, `Provision`, `Validate`): name the environment variable or flag to set, plus the path or value checked.
+- Security and filtering errors stay generic for clients. Don't reveal allow/deny lists or private-IP policy. Log the specific reason for operators.
+- No hedging ("while others may have failed"). No raw `os.Stat` or exec output in the human-facing remedy.
+
 ### Logging

 Use `gotenberg.Logger(mod)` to get the module's slog logger during `Provision()`. All log calls must be context-aware: `logger.DebugContext(ctx, msg)`, `logger.InfoContext(ctx, msg)`, `logger.ErrorContext(ctx, msg)`. This propagates trace/span IDs into structured logs when OpenTelemetry is active.
--- a/17
+++ b/17
@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ GOTENBERG_BUILD_DEBUG_DATA=true
 API_PORT=3000
 API_PORT_FROM_ENV=
 API_BIND_IP=
+API_TLS_CERT_FILE=
+API_TLS_KEY_FILE=
 API_START_TIMEOUT=30s
 API_TIMEOUT=30s
 API_BODY_LIMIT=
@@ -28,6 +30,9 @@ GOTENBERG_API_BASIC_AUTH_USERNAME=
 GOTENBERG_API_BASIC_AUTH_PASSWORD=
 API_DOWNLOAD_FROM_ALLOW_LIST=
 API_DOWNLOAD_FROM_DENY_LIST=^https?://(10\.|172\.(1[6-9]|2[0-9]|3[01])\.|192\.168\.|169\.254\.|0\.0\.0\.0|127\.|localhost|\[::1\]|\[fd)
+API_DOWNLOAD_FROM_DENY_PRIVATE_IPS=false
+API_DOWNLOAD_FROM_DENY_PUBLIC_IPS=false
+API_DOWNLOAD_FROM_ENABLE_ENVIRONMENT_PROXY=false
 API_DOWNLOAD_FROM_MAX_RETRY=4
 API_DISABLE_DOWNLOAD_FROM=false
 API_DISABLE_HEALTH_CHECK_ROUTE_TELEMETRY=true
@@ -47,8 +52,11 @@ CHROMIUM_DISABLE_WEB_SECURITY=false
 CHROMIUM_ALLOW_FILE_ACCESS_FROM_FILES=false
 CHROMIUM_HOST_RESOLVER_RULES=
 CHROMIUM_PROXY_SERVER=
+CHROMIUM_ENABLE_ENVIRONMENT_PROXY=false
 CHROMIUM_ALLOW_LIST=
 CHROMIUM_DENY_LIST=^file:(?!//\/tmp/).*
+CHROMIUM_DENY_PRIVATE_IPS=false
+CHROMIUM_DENY_PUBLIC_IPS=false
 CHROMIUM_CLEAR_CACHE=false
 CHROMIUM_CLEAR_COOKIES=false
 CHROMIUM_DISABLE_JAVASCRIPT=false
@@ -60,11 +68,15 @@ LIBREOFFICE_AUTO_START=false
 LIBREOFFICE_START_TIMEOUT=20s
 LIBREOFFICE_ALLOW_LIST=
 LIBREOFFICE_DENY_LIST=
+LIBREOFFICE_DENY_PRIVATE_IPS=false
+LIBREOFFICE_DENY_PUBLIC_IPS=false
+LIBREOFFICE_ENABLE_ENVIRONMENT_PROXY=false
 LIBREOFFICE_DISABLE_ROUTES=false
 LOG_LEVEL=info
 LOG_FIELDS_PREFIX=
 LOG_STD_FORMAT=auto
 LOG_STD_ENABLE_GCP_FIELDS=false
+LOG_STD_LEVEL_CASE=lower
 PDFENGINES_DISABLE_ROUTES=false
 PDFENGINES_MERGE_ENGINES=qpdf,pdfcpu,pdftk
 PDFENGINES_SPLIT_ENGINES=pdfcpu,qpdf,pdftk
@@ -80,6 +92,7 @@ PDFENGINES_ENCRYPT_ENGINES=qpdf,pdfcpu,pdftk
 PDFENGINES_ROTATE_ENGINES=pdfcpu,pdftk
 PDFENGINES_EMBED_ENGINES=qpdf,pdfcpu
 PDFENGINES_EMBED_METADATA_ENGINES=qpdf
+PDFENGINES_FACTUR_X_ENGINES=qpdf
 PROMETHEUS_NAMESPACE=gotenberg
 PROMETHEUS_COLLECT_INTERVAL=1s
 PROMETHEUS_DISABLE_ROUTE_TELEMETRY=true
@@ -95,6 +108,9 @@ OTEL_EXPORTER_OTLP_INSECURE=true
 WEBHOOK_ENABLE_SYNC_MODE=false
 WEBHOOK_ALLOW_LIST=
 WEBHOOK_DENY_LIST=^https?://(10\.|172\.(1[6-9]|2[0-9]|3[01])\.|192\.168\.|169\.254\.|0\.0\.0\.0|127\.|localhost|\[::1\]|\[fd)
+WEBHOOK_DENY_PRIVATE_IPS=false
+WEBHOOK_DENY_PUBLIC_IPS=false
+WEBHOOK_ENABLE_ENVIRONMENT_PROXY=false
 WEBHOOK_MAX_RETRY=4
 WEBHOOK_RETRY_MIN_WAIT=1s
 WEBHOOK_RETRY_MAX_WAIT=30s
@@ -156,6 +172,7 @@ NO_CONCURRENCY=false
 # stamp
 # pdfengines-rotate
 # rotate
+# factur-x
 # pdfengines-bookmarks
 # bookmarks
 # prometheus-metrics
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 <p align="center">
-    <img src="https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/8983173/130322857-185831e2-f041-46eb-a17f-0a69d066c4e5.png" alt="Gotenberg Logo" width="150" height="150" />
+    <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gotenberg/art/master/logo.png" alt="Gotenberg Logo" width="150" height="150" />
    <h3 align="center">Gotenberg</h3>
    <p align="center">A Docker-based API for converting documents to PDF</p>
    <p align="center">
@@ -64,6 +64,7 @@ If Gotenberg powers your workflow or your business, consider [**becoming a spons
 - [TheCodingMachine](https://thecodingmachine.com/)
 - [pdfme](https://pdfme.com/)
 - [PDFBolt](https://pdfbolt.com)
+- [FileToPDF.dev](https://filetopdf.dev)

 **Powered By**

--- a/build/Dockerfile
+++ b/build/Dockerfile
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # ARG instructions do not create additional layers. Instead, next layers will
 # concatenate them. Also, we have to repeat ARG instructions in each build
 # stage that uses them.
-ARG GOLANG_VERSION=1.26.2
+ARG GOLANG_VERSION=1.26.5

 # ----------------------------------------------
 # pdfcpu binary build stage
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ ARG GOLANG_VERSION=1.26.2
 FROM golang:$GOLANG_VERSION AS pdfcpu-binary-stage

 # See https://github.com/pdfcpu/pdfcpu/releases.
-ARG PDFCPU_VERSION=v0.12.0
+ARG PDFCPU_VERSION=v0.13.0
 ENV CGO_ENABLED=0

 # Define the working directory outside of $GOPATH (we're using go modules).
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ RUN apt-get update -qq \

 WORKDIR /downloads

-RUN curl -Ls https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gotenberg/unoconverter/v0.2.0/unoconv -o unoconverter \
+RUN curl -Ls https://raw.githubusercontent.com/gotenberg/unoconverter/v0.3.0/unoconv -o unoconverter \
    && chmod +x unoconverter

 RUN curl -o pdftk-all.jar "https://gitlab.com/api/v4/projects/5024297/packages/generic/pdftk-java/$PDFTK_VERSION/pdftk-all.jar" \
@@ -125,6 +125,7 @@ RUN groupadd --gid "$GOTENBERG_USER_GID" gotenberg \
 RUN apt-get update -qq \
    && apt-get upgrade -yqq \
    && DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive apt-get install -y -qq --no-install-recommends \
+        ca-certificates \
        tini \
        # Many users rely on curl for Docker health checks.
        curl \
@@ -189,6 +190,19 @@ ENV QPDF_BIN_PATH=/usr/bin/qpdf
 ENV EXIFTOOL_BIN_PATH=/usr/bin/exiftool
 ENV PDFCPU_BIN_PATH=/usr/bin/pdfcpu

+# Capture backing-binary versions at build time so the running process reports
+# them on traces without spawning the binaries at startup or per request.
+# See pkg/gotenberg/buildversions.go. Chromium and LibreOffice are captured in
+# the variant stages below, where they are installed.
+ENV GOTENBERG_VERSIONS_DIR_PATH=/opt/gotenberg/versions
+
+COPY --link build/capture-version.sh /opt/gotenberg/capture-version.sh
+
+RUN bash /opt/gotenberg/capture-version.sh "$GOTENBERG_VERSIONS_DIR_PATH" qpdf "$QPDF_BIN_PATH" --version \
+    && bash /opt/gotenberg/capture-version.sh "$GOTENBERG_VERSIONS_DIR_PATH" exiftool "$EXIFTOOL_BIN_PATH" -ver \
+    && bash /opt/gotenberg/capture-version.sh "$GOTENBERG_VERSIONS_DIR_PATH" pdftk "$PDFTK_BIN_PATH" --version \
+    && bash /opt/gotenberg/capture-version.sh "$GOTENBERG_VERSIONS_DIR_PATH" pdfcpu "$PDFCPU_BIN_PATH" version
+
 # OpenTelemetry defaults (noop - no telemetry overhead unless explicitly enabled).
 ENV OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER=none
 ENV OTEL_METRICS_EXPORTER=none
@@ -268,6 +282,10 @@ ENV CHROMIUM_HYPHEN_DATA_DIR_PATH=/opt/gotenberg/chromium-hyphen-data
 ENV LIBREOFFICE_BIN_PATH=/usr/lib/libreoffice/program/soffice.bin
 ENV UNOCONVERTER_BIN_PATH=/usr/bin/unoconverter

+# Capture Chromium and LibreOffice versions now that both are installed.
+RUN bash /opt/gotenberg/capture-version.sh "$GOTENBERG_VERSIONS_DIR_PATH" chromium "$CHROMIUM_BIN_PATH" --version \
+    && bash /opt/gotenberg/capture-version.sh "$GOTENBERG_VERSIONS_DIR_PATH" libreoffice-api "$LIBREOFFICE_BIN_PATH" --version
+
 USER gotenberg
 WORKDIR /home/gotenberg

@@ -328,6 +346,9 @@ ENV CHROMIUM_HYPHEN_DATA_DIR_PATH=/opt/gotenberg/chromium-hyphen-data
 # No LibreOffice in this variant; override the default to use all available engines.
 ENV PDFENGINES_CONVERT_ENGINES=

+# Capture the Chromium version now that it is installed.
+RUN bash /opt/gotenberg/capture-version.sh "$GOTENBERG_VERSIONS_DIR_PATH" chromium "$CHROMIUM_BIN_PATH" --version
+
 USER gotenberg
 WORKDIR /home/gotenberg

@@ -382,6 +403,9 @@ COPY --link --from=downloader-stage /downloads/unoconverter /usr/bin/unoconverte
 ENV LIBREOFFICE_BIN_PATH=/usr/lib/libreoffice/program/soffice.bin
 ENV UNOCONVERTER_BIN_PATH=/usr/bin/unoconverter

+# Capture the LibreOffice version now that it is installed.
+RUN bash /opt/gotenberg/capture-version.sh "$GOTENBERG_VERSIONS_DIR_PATH" libreoffice-api "$LIBREOFFICE_BIN_PATH" --version
+
 USER gotenberg
 WORKDIR /home/gotenberg

--- a/build/capture-version.sh
+++ b/build/capture-version.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+# Captures the version of a backing binary into a per-module file that the
+# running Gotenberg process reads via gotenberg.BuildVersion, so it never spawns
+# the binary just to report a version. This keeps cold start and the first
+# request cheap, which matters on serverless platforms.
+#
+# Failure-tolerant by design: a probe that errors writes an empty file, and the
+# runtime falls back to detecting the version live. A failing probe must never
+# fail the image build.
+#
+# Usage: capture-version.sh <output-dir> <module-id> <bin> [args...]
+set -u
+
+dir="$1"
+id="$2"
+shift 2
+
+mkdir -p "$dir"
+
+# Run the probe once. On failure, keep going with empty output.
+raw="$("$@" 2>/dev/null)" || raw=""
+
+case "$id" in
+pdfcpu)
+    # pdfcpu prints "pdfcpu: <version>"; keep only the part the runtime parser
+    # keeps so the recorded value matches the live-detection fallback.
+    version="$(printf '%s\n' "$raw" | grep -m1 '^pdfcpu:' | sed 's/^pdfcpu:[[:space:]]*//')"
+    ;;
+*)
+    version="$(printf '%s\n' "$raw" | head -n1)"
+    ;;
+esac
+
+printf '%s' "$version" | tr -d '\r' >"$dir/$id"
--- a/cmd/gotenberg.go
+++ b/cmd/gotenberg.go
@@ -49,6 +49,7 @@ func Run() {
 	fs.String("log-fields-prefix", "", "Prepend a specified prefix to each log field key")
 	fs.String("log-std-format", gotenberg.AutoLoggingFormat, "Set the log format for standard output")
 	fs.Bool("log-std-enable-gcp-fields", false, "Use GCP-compatible field names in log output")
+	fs.String("log-std-level-case", gotenberg.LowerLevelCase, "Set the case of the level field in the standard output, either lower or upper")

 	// Deprecated logging flags.
 	fs.String("log-format", gotenberg.AutoLoggingFormat, "Set the log format")
@@ -123,6 +124,7 @@ func Run() {
 		LogFieldsPrefix:       parsedFlags.MustString("log-fields-prefix"),
 		LogStdFormat:          parsedFlags.MustDeprecatedString("log-format", "log-std-format"),
 		LogStdEnableGcpFields: parsedFlags.MustDeprecatedBool("log-enable-gcp-fields", "log-std-enable-gcp-fields"),
+		LogStdLevelCase:       parsedFlags.MustString("log-std-level-case"),
 	}
 	// LogLevel uses its own flag, not the format flag.
 	telemetryCfg.LogLevel = parsedFlags.MustString("log-level")
--- a/compose.yaml
+++ b/compose.yaml
@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ services:
      - "--api-port=${API_PORT}"
      - "--api-port-from-env=${API_PORT_FROM_ENV}"
      - "--api-bind-ip=${API_BIND_IP}"
+      - "--api-tls-cert-file=${API_TLS_CERT_FILE}"
+      - "--api-tls-key-file=${API_TLS_KEY_FILE}"
      - "--api-start-timeout=${API_START_TIMEOUT}"
      - "--api-timeout=${API_TIMEOUT}"
      - "--api-body-limit=${API_BODY_LIMIT}"
@@ -29,6 +31,9 @@ services:
      - "--api-enable-basic-auth=${API_ENABLE_BASIC_AUTH}"
      - "--api-download-from-allow-list=${API_DOWNLOAD_FROM_ALLOW_LIST}"
      - "--api-download-from-deny-list=${API_DOWNLOAD_FROM_DENY_LIST}"
+      - "--api-download-from-deny-private-ips=${API_DOWNLOAD_FROM_DENY_PRIVATE_IPS}"
+      - "--api-download-from-deny-public-ips=${API_DOWNLOAD_FROM_DENY_PUBLIC_IPS}"
+      - "--api-download-from-enable-environment-proxy=${API_DOWNLOAD_FROM_ENABLE_ENVIRONMENT_PROXY}"
      - "--api-download-from-max-retry=${API_DOWNLOAD_FROM_MAX_RETRY}"
      - "--api-disable-download-from=${API_DISABLE_DOWNLOAD_FROM}"
      - "--api-disable-health-check-route-telemetry=${API_DISABLE_HEALTH_CHECK_ROUTE_TELEMETRY}"
@@ -48,8 +53,11 @@ services:
      - "--chromium-allow-file-access-from-files=${CHROMIUM_ALLOW_FILE_ACCESS_FROM_FILES}"
      - "--chromium-host-resolver-rules=${CHROMIUM_HOST_RESOLVER_RULES}"
      - "--chromium-proxy-server=${CHROMIUM_PROXY_SERVER}"
+      - "--chromium-enable-environment-proxy=${CHROMIUM_ENABLE_ENVIRONMENT_PROXY}"
      - "--chromium-allow-list=${CHROMIUM_ALLOW_LIST}"
      - "--chromium-deny-list=${CHROMIUM_DENY_LIST}"
+      - "--chromium-deny-private-ips=${CHROMIUM_DENY_PRIVATE_IPS}"
+      - "--chromium-deny-public-ips=${CHROMIUM_DENY_PUBLIC_IPS}"
      - "--chromium-clear-cache=${CHROMIUM_CLEAR_CACHE}"
      - "--chromium-clear-cookies=${CHROMIUM_CLEAR_COOKIES}"
      - "--chromium-disable-javascript=${CHROMIUM_DISABLE_JAVASCRIPT}"
@@ -61,11 +69,15 @@ services:
      - "--libreoffice-start-timeout=${LIBREOFFICE_START_TIMEOUT}"
      - "--libreoffice-allow-list=${LIBREOFFICE_ALLOW_LIST}"
      - "--libreoffice-deny-list=${LIBREOFFICE_DENY_LIST}"
+      - "--libreoffice-deny-private-ips=${LIBREOFFICE_DENY_PRIVATE_IPS}"
+      - "--libreoffice-deny-public-ips=${LIBREOFFICE_DENY_PUBLIC_IPS}"
+      - "--libreoffice-enable-environment-proxy=${LIBREOFFICE_ENABLE_ENVIRONMENT_PROXY}"
      - "--libreoffice-disable-routes=${LIBREOFFICE_DISABLE_ROUTES}"
      - "--log-level=${LOG_LEVEL}"
      - "--log-fields-prefix=${LOG_FIELDS_PREFIX}"
      - "--log-std-format=${LOG_STD_FORMAT}"
      - "--log-std-enable-gcp-fields=${LOG_STD_ENABLE_GCP_FIELDS}"
+      - "--log-std-level-case=${LOG_STD_LEVEL_CASE}"
      - "--pdfengines-merge-engines=${PDFENGINES_MERGE_ENGINES}"
      - "--pdfengines-split-engines=${PDFENGINES_SPLIT_ENGINES}"
      - "--pdfengines-flatten-engines=${PDFENGINES_FLATTEN_ENGINES}"
@@ -80,6 +92,7 @@ services:
      - "--pdfengines-rotate-engines=${PDFENGINES_ROTATE_ENGINES}"
      - "--pdfengines-embed-engines=${PDFENGINES_EMBED_ENGINES}"
      - "--pdfengines-embed-metadata-engines=${PDFENGINES_EMBED_METADATA_ENGINES}"
+      - "--pdfengines-factur-x-engines=${PDFENGINES_FACTUR_X_ENGINES}"
      - "--pdfengines-disable-routes=${PDFENGINES_DISABLE_ROUTES}"
      - "--prometheus-namespace=${PROMETHEUS_NAMESPACE}"
      - "--prometheus-collect-interval=${PROMETHEUS_COLLECT_INTERVAL}"
@@ -89,6 +102,9 @@ services:
      - "--webhook-enable-sync-mode=${WEBHOOK_ENABLE_SYNC_MODE}"
      - "--webhook-allow-list=${WEBHOOK_ALLOW_LIST}"
      - "--webhook-deny-list=${WEBHOOK_DENY_LIST}"
+      - "--webhook-deny-private-ips=${WEBHOOK_DENY_PRIVATE_IPS}"
+      - "--webhook-deny-public-ips=${WEBHOOK_DENY_PUBLIC_IPS}"
+      - "--webhook-enable-environment-proxy=${WEBHOOK_ENABLE_ENVIRONMENT_PROXY}"
      - "--webhook-max-retry=${WEBHOOK_MAX_RETRY}"
      - "--webhook-retry-min-wait=${WEBHOOK_RETRY_MIN_WAIT}"
      - "--webhook-retry-max-wait=${WEBHOOK_RETRY_MAX_WAIT}"
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -4,36 +4,37 @@ go 1.26.2

 require (
 	github.com/alexliesenfeld/health v0.8.1
-	github.com/chromedp/cdproto v0.0.0-20250803210736-d308e07a266d
-	github.com/chromedp/chromedp v0.14.2
-	github.com/cucumber/godog v0.15.1
+	github.com/chromedp/cdproto v0.0.0-20250803210736-d308e07a266d // pinned with chromedp v0.14.2, see below
+	github.com/chromedp/chromedp v0.14.2 // pinned: v0.15.x breaks the headless print-mode paint pipeline (rAF / ResizeObserver / IntersectionObserver stop firing, blank charts). See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1535.
+	github.com/cucumber/godog v0.16.0
 	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.12.0
-	github.com/gomarkdown/markdown v0.0.0-20260412113850-134a5b2cce7f
+	github.com/gomarkdown/markdown v0.0.0-20260614204949-e08cff860f76
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.8
-	github.com/labstack/echo/v4 v4.15.1
+	github.com/labstack/echo/v4 v4.15.4
 	github.com/labstack/gommon v0.5.0
 	github.com/mholt/archives v0.1.5
 	github.com/microcosm-cc/bluemonday v1.0.27
-	github.com/moby/moby/api v1.54.1
-	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.23.2
-	github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.26.3
+	github.com/moby/moby/api v1.55.0
+	github.com/moby/moby/client v0.5.1
+	github.com/prometheus/client_golang v1.24.1
+	github.com/shirou/gopsutil/v4 v4.26.7
 	github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.10
 	github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1
-	github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go v0.42.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.18.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.68.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.43.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.19.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.43.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.43.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.19.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.43.0
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.43.0
-	golang.org/x/net v0.53.0
-	golang.org/x/sync v0.20.0
-	golang.org/x/term v0.42.0
-	golang.org/x/text v0.36.0
+	github.com/testcontainers/testcontainers-go v0.43.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/otelslog v0.19.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/exporters/autoexport v0.69.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel v1.45.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/log v0.20.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/metric v1.45.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk v1.45.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log v0.20.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric v1.45.0
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace v1.45.0
+	golang.org/x/net v0.57.0
+	golang.org/x/sync v0.22.0
+	golang.org/x/term v0.45.0
+	golang.org/x/text v0.40.0
 )

 require (
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/aymerick/douceur v0.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bodgit/plumbing v1.3.0 // indirect
-	github.com/bodgit/sevenzip v1.6.1 // indirect
+	github.com/bodgit/sevenzip v1.6.4 // indirect
 	github.com/bodgit/windows v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v5 v5.0.3 // indirect
@@ -56,89 +57,87 @@ require (
 	github.com/containerd/log v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/containerd/platforms v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cpuguy83/dockercfg v0.3.2 // indirect
-	github.com/cucumber/gherkin/go/v26 v26.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/cucumber/messages/go/v21 v21.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/cucumber/gherkin/go/v42 v42.0.0 // indirect
+	github.com/cucumber/messages/go/v34 v34.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 // indirect
-	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20230904184137-39efe44ab707 // indirect
-	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.0 // indirect
-	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
-	github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20260214004413-d219187c3433 // indirect
-	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
+	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.2 // indirect
+	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20260601182631-00ed12fed2a6 // indirect
+	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.4 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gobwas/httphead v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.1 // indirect
 	github.com/gobwas/ws v1.4.0 // indirect
-	github.com/gofrs/uuid v4.4.0+incompatible // indirect
 	github.com/gorilla/css v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.28.0 // indirect
+	github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.29.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/go-memdb v1.3.5 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v1.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.5 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.1 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6 // indirect
 	github.com/lufia/plan9stats v0.0.0-20260330125221-c963978e514e // indirect
 	github.com/magiconair/properties v1.8.10 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.14 // indirect
-	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.21 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-colorable v0.1.15 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.22 // indirect
 	github.com/mikelolasagasti/xz v1.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/minio/minlz v1.1.0 // indirect
+	github.com/minio/minlz v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/docker-image-spec v1.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/go-archive v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/moby/client v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/patternmatcher v0.6.1 // indirect
-	github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.6.0 // indirect
+	github.com/moby/sys/sequential v0.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/user v0.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/sys/userns v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/moby/term v0.5.2 // indirect
 	github.com/munnerz/goautoneg v0.0.0-20191010083416-a7dc8b61c822 // indirect
-	github.com/nwaples/rardecode/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/nwaples/rardecode/v2 v2.2.5 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.1 // indirect
-	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.26 // indirect
+	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.27 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/power-devops/perfstat v0.0.0-20240221224432-82ca36839d55 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/client_model v0.6.2 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/common v0.67.5 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/common v0.70.1 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus/otlptranslator v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.20.1 // indirect
+	github.com/prometheus/procfs v0.21.1 // indirect
 	github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.4 // indirect
 	github.com/sorairolake/lzip-go v0.3.8 // indirect
 	github.com/spf13/afero v1.15.0 // indirect
-	github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.3.16 // indirect
-	github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.11.0 // indirect
+	github.com/stangelandcl/ppmd v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/tklauser/go-sysconf v0.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/tklauser/numcpus v0.12.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ulikunitz/xz v0.5.15 // indirect
 	github.com/valyala/bytebufferpool v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/valyala/fasttemplate v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/yusufpapurcu/wmi v1.2.4 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/auto/sdk v1.2.1 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.68.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.68.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.19.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.19.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.65.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.19.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.43.0 // indirect
-	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.43.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/bridges/prometheus v0.69.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/contrib/instrumentation/net/http/otelhttp v0.69.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploggrpc v0.20.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlplog/otlploghttp v0.20.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetricgrpc v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlpmetric/otlpmetrichttp v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracegrpc v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/otlp/otlptrace/otlptracehttp v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/prometheus v0.66.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutlog v0.20.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdoutmetric v1.44.0 // indirect
+	go.opentelemetry.io/otel/exporters/stdout/stdouttrace v1.44.0 // indirect
 	go.opentelemetry.io/proto/otlp v1.10.0 // indirect
-	go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.4 // indirect
 	go4.org v0.0.0-20260112195520-a5071408f32f // indirect
-	golang.org/x/crypto v0.50.0 // indirect
-	golang.org/x/sys v0.43.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/crypto v0.54.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d // indirect
-	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d // indirect
-	google.golang.org/grpc v1.80.0 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260615183401-62b3387ff324 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260615183401-62b3387ff324 // indirect
+	google.golang.org/grpc v1.82.1 // indirect
 	google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 // indirect
 	gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 // indirect
 )
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -18,8 +18,8 @@ github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1 h1:VlbKKnNfV8bJzeqoa4cOKqO6bYr3WgKZxO8Z16+hsOM=
 github.com/beorn7/perks v1.0.1/go.mod h1:G2ZrVWU2WbWT9wwq4/hrbKbnv/1ERSJQ0ibhJ6rlkpw=
 github.com/bodgit/plumbing v1.3.0 h1:pf9Itz1JOQgn7vEOE7v7nlEfBykYqvUYioC61TwWCFU=
 github.com/bodgit/plumbing v1.3.0/go.mod h1:JOTb4XiRu5xfnmdnDJo6GmSbSbtSyufrsyZFByMtKEs=
-github.com/bodgit/sevenzip v1.6.1 h1:kikg2pUMYC9ljU7W9SaqHXhym5HyKm8/M/jd31fYan4=
-github.com/bodgit/sevenzip v1.6.1/go.mod h1:GVoYQbEVbOGT8n2pfqCIMRUaRjQ8F9oSqoBEqZh5fQ8=
+github.com/bodgit/sevenzip v1.6.4 h1:iHiVJfxbrB6RF4X+snI2MpVgNBKmVfGaTqZGNlMQIU0=
+github.com/bodgit/sevenzip v1.6.4/go.mod h1:ZtNi5KNgHXeXg1G7WiF0IWSuFE2eG6lt/cTGlvuirO0=
 github.com/bodgit/windows v1.0.1 h1:tF7K6KOluPYygXa3Z2594zxlkbKPAOvqr97etrGNIz4=
 github.com/bodgit/windows v1.0.1/go.mod h1:a6JLwrB4KrTR5hBpp8FI9/9W9jJfeQ2h4XDXU74ZCdM=
 github.com/cenkalti/backoff/v4 v4.3.0 h1:MyRJ/UdXutAwSAT+s3wNd7MfTIcy71VQueUuFK343L8=
@@ -44,16 +44,14 @@ github.com/containerd/platforms v0.2.1 h1:zvwtM3rz2YHPQsF2CHYM8+KtB5dvhISiXh5ZpS
 github.com/containerd/platforms v0.2.1/go.mod h1:XHCb+2/hzowdiut9rkudds9bE5yJ7npe7dG/wG+uFPw=
 github.com/cpuguy83/dockercfg v0.3.2 h1:DlJTyZGBDlXqUZ2Dk2Q3xHs/FtnooJJVaad2S9GKorA=
 github.com/cpuguy83/dockercfg v0.3.2/go.mod h1:sugsbF4//dDlL/i+S+rtpIWp+5h0BHJHfjj5/jFyUJc=
-github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.2/go.mod h1:tgQtvFlXSQOSOSIRvRPT7W67SCa46tRHOmNcaadrF8o=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.24 h1:bJrF4RRfyJnbTJqzRLHzcGaZK1NeM5kTC9jGgovnR1s=
 github.com/creack/pty v1.1.24/go.mod h1:08sCNb52WyoAwi2QDyzUCTgcvVFhUzewun7wtTfvcwE=
-github.com/cucumber/gherkin/go/v26 v26.2.0 h1:EgIjePLWiPeslwIWmNQ3XHcypPsWAHoMCz/YEBKP4GI=
-github.com/cucumber/gherkin/go/v26 v26.2.0/go.mod h1:t2GAPnB8maCT4lkHL99BDCVNzCh1d7dBhCLt150Nr/0=
-github.com/cucumber/godog v0.15.1 h1:rb/6oHDdvVZKS66hrhpjFQFHjthFSrQBCOI1LwshNTI=
-github.com/cucumber/godog v0.15.1/go.mod h1:qju+SQDewOljHuq9NSM66s0xEhogx0q30flfxL4WUk8=
-github.com/cucumber/messages/go/v21 v21.0.1 h1:wzA0LxwjlWQYZd32VTlAVDTkW6inOFmSM+RuOwHZiMI=
-github.com/cucumber/messages/go/v21 v21.0.1/go.mod h1:zheH/2HS9JLVFukdrsPWoPdmUtmYQAQPLk7w5vWsk5s=
-github.com/cucumber/messages/go/v22 v22.0.0/go.mod h1:aZipXTKc0JnjCsXrJnuZpWhtay93k7Rn3Dee7iyPJjs=
+github.com/cucumber/gherkin/go/v42 v42.0.0 h1:Ulh3E2awUUSSja+wonP/IOQ+ycmiZwZbgmzqk5H8JNI=
+github.com/cucumber/gherkin/go/v42 v42.0.0/go.mod h1:CsaumaO2dR9XvBc6ZyiGLMhWCKtTRDxgoxqJigSjSSg=
+github.com/cucumber/godog v0.16.0 h1:ezQbgItuWqZrjPUQwLJ3muwIlvzXBOfZso5QZfG7efE=
+github.com/cucumber/godog v0.16.0/go.mod h1:EDUX9yCqANK+GpbftMDeu61sUDtdLuo1JJgXD2n3bbM=
+github.com/cucumber/messages/go/v34 v34.2.0 h1:VCbcNOMz+f8ccjjOOx1NLBNhwvE7/X49Atc8klJa+i8=
+github.com/cucumber/messages/go/v34 v34.2.0/go.mod h1:LYUPjqlTS1kS0pdkdf6sS5uirnjwiIzEGyXPezXNhL8=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1 h1:vj9j/u1bqnvCEfJOwUhtlOARqs3+rkHYY13jYWTU97c=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
@@ -61,24 +59,24 @@ github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0 h1:0IXCQ5g4/QMHHkarYzh5l+u8T3t73zM5Qvfr
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.6.0/go.mod h1:BbU0aIcezP1/5jX/8MP0YiH4SdvB5Y4f/wlDRiLyi3E=
 github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.12.0 h1:0j4c5qQmnC6XOWNjP3PIXURXN2gWx76rd3KvgdPkCz8=
 github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.12.0/go.mod h1:DHkYz0B9wPfa6wondMfaivmHpzrQ3v9q8cnmRbL6yW8=
-github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0 h1:LlMG9azAe1TqfR7sO+NJttz1gy6KO7VJBh+pMmjSD94=
-github.com/docker/go-connections v0.6.0/go.mod h1:AahvXYshr6JgfUJGdDCs2b5EZG/vmaMAntpSFH5BFKE=
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.7.0 h1:6SsRfJddP22WMrCkj19x9WKjEDTB+ahsdiGYf0mN39c=
+github.com/docker/go-connections v0.7.0/go.mod h1:no1qkHdjq7kLMGUXYAduOhYPSJxxvgWBh7ogVvptn3Q=
 github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 h1:69rxXcBk27SvSaaxTtLh/8llcHD8vYHT7WSdRZ/jvr4=
 github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0/go.mod h1:fgPhTUdO+D/Jk86RDLlptpiXQzgHJF7gydDDbaIK4Dk=
 github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20230904184137-39efe44ab707 h1:2tV76y6Q9BB+NEBasnqvs7e49aEBFI8ejC89PSnWH+4=
 github.com/dsnet/compress v0.0.2-0.20230904184137-39efe44ab707/go.mod h1:qssHWj60/X5sZFNxpG4HBPDHVqxNm4DfnCKgrbZOT+s=
 github.com/dsnet/golib v0.0.0-20171103203638-1ea166775780/go.mod h1:Lj+Z9rebOhdfkVLjJ8T6VcRQv3SXugXy999NBtR9aFY=
-github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.0 h1:QIw4xfpWT6GWTzaW5XEKy3HXoqrJGx1ijYHzTF0/ISU=
-github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.0/go.mod h1:iIjxzd6CiRiOG0UyXP+V1+jWqUXVjPKLAI0mRfJZTmQ=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.2 h1:W809HbnvzAxgdm+aOvlSekrM16wGCdT/e76+9tS7gzE=
+github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.10.2/go.mod h1:iIjxzd6CiRiOG0UyXP+V1+jWqUXVjPKLAI0mRfJZTmQ=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.16.0 h1:zmkK9Ngbjj+K0yRhTVONQh1p/HknKYSlNT+vZCzyokM=
 github.com/fatih/color v1.16.0/go.mod h1:fL2Sau1YI5c0pdGEVCbKQbLXB6edEj1ZgiY4NijnWvE=
-github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 h1:NFTV2Zj1bL4mc9sqWACXbQFVBBg2W3GPvqp8/ESS2Wg=
-github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4/go.mod h1:m8KPJKqk1gH5J9DgRY2ASl2lWCfGKXixSwevea8zH2U=
-github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20260214004413-d219187c3433 h1:vymEbVwYFP/L05h5TKQxvkXoKxNvTpjxYKdF1Nlwuao=
-github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20260214004413-d219187c3433/go.mod h1:tphK2c80bpPhMOI4v6bIc2xWywPfbqi1Z06+RcrMkDg=
+github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.1.0 h1:3YtUj32ZZkqZtt3sZZsClsymw/QDuVfpNhoA31zeORc=
+github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.1.0/go.mod h1:Zqxgdd+1Rkcz8euOqdr7lqgCRJztwr5hp9vDSi5UZCE=
+github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20260601182631-00ed12fed2a6 h1:nxP4pPoyqOAgX8lYDFCfl3DyKeXErCvSvhcyzwGV9CE=
+github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20260601182631-00ed12fed2a6/go.mod h1:tphK2c80bpPhMOI4v6bIc2xWywPfbqi1Z06+RcrMkDg=
 github.com/go-logr/logr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:jdQByPbusPIv2/zmleS9BjJVeZ6kBagPoEUsqbVz/1A=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 h1:CjnDlHq8ikf6E492q6eKboGOC0T8CDaOvkHCIg8idEI=
-github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.4 h1:tG4xh9yMsRCAiodLVTxyrkzSZ9+o0L1Kg/+cPVcbP/8=
+github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.4/go.mod h1:9T104GzyrTigFIr8wt5mBrctHMim0Nb2HLGrmQ40KvY=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 h1:hSWxHoqTgW2S2qGc0LTAI563KZ5YKYRhT3MFKZMbjag=
 github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2/go.mod h1:mMo/vtBO5dYbehREoey6XUKy/eSumjCCveDpRre4VKE=
 github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.2.6/go.mod h1:pprOEPIfldk/42T2oK7lQ4v4JSDwmV0As9GaiUsvbm0=
@@ -90,14 +88,10 @@ github.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.1 h1:xfeeEhW7pwmX8nuLVlqbzVc7udMDrwetjEv+TZIz1og=
 github.com/gobwas/pool v0.2.1/go.mod h1:q8bcK0KcYlCgd9e7WYLm9LpyS+YeLd8JVDW6WezmKEw=
 github.com/gobwas/ws v1.4.0 h1:CTaoG1tojrh4ucGPcoJFiAQUAsEWekEWvLy7GsVNqGs=
 github.com/gobwas/ws v1.4.0/go.mod h1:G3gNqMNtPppf5XUz7O4shetPpcZ1VJ7zt18dlUeakrc=
-github.com/gofrs/uuid v4.2.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:b2aQJv3Z4Fp6yNu3cdSllBxTCLRxnplIgP/c0N/04lM=
-github.com/gofrs/uuid v4.3.1+incompatible/go.mod h1:b2aQJv3Z4Fp6yNu3cdSllBxTCLRxnplIgP/c0N/04lM=
-github.com/gofrs/uuid v4.4.0+incompatible h1:3qXRTX8/NbyulANqlc0lchS1gqAVxRgsuW1YrTJupqA=
-github.com/gofrs/uuid v4.4.0+incompatible/go.mod h1:b2aQJv3Z4Fp6yNu3cdSllBxTCLRxnplIgP/c0N/04lM=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4 h1:i7eJL8qZTpSEXOPTxNKhASYpMn+8e5Q6AdndVa1dWek=
 github.com/golang/protobuf v1.5.4/go.mod h1:lnTiLA8Wa4RWRcIUkrtSVa5nRhsEGBg48fD6rSs7xps=
-github.com/gomarkdown/markdown v0.0.0-20260412113850-134a5b2cce7f h1:C5vKBogs/Qf5ID8F8XuRO8SFL+5SH7JMJrAfdLAZ2iA=
-github.com/gomarkdown/markdown v0.0.0-20260412113850-134a5b2cce7f/go.mod h1:JDGcbDT52eL4fju3sZ4TeHGsQwhG9nbDV21aMyhwPoA=
+github.com/gomarkdown/markdown v0.0.0-20260614204949-e08cff860f76 h1:Ltt9ldIaSYEsjA7sPY2c8r9dOmnKM1vlzhh3dxlhBHM=
+github.com/gomarkdown/markdown v0.0.0-20260614204949-e08cff860f76/go.mod h1:JDGcbDT52eL4fju3sZ4TeHGsQwhG9nbDV21aMyhwPoA=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.5/go.mod h1:v8dTdLbMG2kIc/vJvl+f65V22dbkXbowE6jgT/gNBxE=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0 h1:wk8382ETsv4JYUZwIsn6YpYiWiBsYLSJiTsyBybVuN8=
 github.com/google/go-cmp v0.7.0/go.mod h1:pXiqmnSA92OHEEa9HXL2W4E7lf9JzCmGVUdgjX3N/iU=
@@ -105,16 +99,14 @@ github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 h1:NIvaJDMOsjHA8n1jAhLSgzrAzy1Hgr+hNrb57e+94F0=
 github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0/go.mod h1:TIyPZe4MgqvfeYDBFedMoGGpEw/LqOeaOT+nhxU+yHo=
 github.com/gorilla/css v1.0.1 h1:ntNaBIghp6JmvWnxbZKANoLyuXTPZ4cAMlo6RyhlbO8=
 github.com/gorilla/css v1.0.1/go.mod h1:BvnYkspnSzMmwRK+b8/xgNPLiIuNZr6vbZBTPQ2A3b0=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.28.0 h1:HWRh5R2+9EifMyIHV7ZV+MIZqgz+PMpZ14Jynv3O2Zs=
-github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.28.0/go.mod h1:JfhWUomR1baixubs02l85lZYYOm7LV6om4ceouMv45c=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.29.0 h1:5VipnvEpbqr2gA2VbM+nYVbkIF28c5ZQfqCBQ5g2xfk=
+github.com/grpc-ecosystem/grpc-gateway/v2 v2.29.0/go.mod h1:Hyl3n6Twe1hvtd9XUXDec4pTvgMSEixRuQKPTMH2bNs=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2 h1:035FKYIWjmULyFRBKPs8TBQoi0x6d9G4xc9neXJWAZQ=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-cleanhttp v0.5.2/go.mod h1:kO/YDlP8L1346E6Sodw+PrpBSV4/SoxCXGY6BqNFT48=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog v1.6.3 h1:Qr2kF+eVWjTiYmU7Y31tYlP1h0q/X3Nl3tPGdaB11/k=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog v1.6.3/go.mod h1:W4Qnvbt70Wk/zYJryRzDRU/4r0kIg0PVHBcfoyhpF5M=
-github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix v1.3.0/go.mod h1:0y9vanUI8NX6FsYoO3zeMjhV/C5i9g4Q3DwcSNZ4P60=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix v1.3.1 h1:DKHmCUm2hRBK510BaiZlwvpD40f8bJFeZnpfm2KLowc=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-immutable-radix v1.3.1/go.mod h1:0y9vanUI8NX6FsYoO3zeMjhV/C5i9g4Q3DwcSNZ4P60=
-github.com/hashicorp/go-memdb v1.3.4/go.mod h1:uBTr1oQbtuMgd1SSGoR8YV27eT3sBHbYiNm53bMpgSg=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-memdb v1.3.5 h1:b3taDMxCBCBVgyRrS1AZVHO14ubMYZB++QpNhBg+Nyo=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-memdb v1.3.5/go.mod h1:8IVKKBkVe+fxFgdFOYxzQQNjz+sWCyHCdIC/+5+Vy1Y=
 github.com/hashicorp/go-retryablehttp v0.7.8 h1:ylXZWnqa7Lhqpk0L1P1LzDtGcCR0rPVUrx/c8Unxc48=
@@ -128,24 +120,20 @@ github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v1.0.2 h1:dV3g9Z/unq5DpblPpw+Oqcv4dU/1omnb4Ok8iP
 github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru v1.0.2/go.mod h1:iADmTwqILo4mZ8BN3D2Q6+9jd8WM5uGBxy+E8yxSoD4=
 github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7 h1:a+bsQ5rvGLjzHuww6tVxozPZFVghXaHOwFs4luLUK2k=
 github.com/hashicorp/golang-lru/v2 v2.0.7/go.mod h1:QeFd9opnmA6QUJc5vARoKUSoFhyfM2/ZepoAG6RGpeM=
-github.com/inconshreveable/mousetrap v1.1.0/go.mod h1:vpF70FUmC8bwa3OWnCshd2FqLfsEA9PFc4w1p2J65bw=
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.4.1/go.mod h1:RyIbtBH6LamlWaDj8nUwkbUhJ87Yi3uG0guNDohfE1A=
-github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.5 h1:/h1gH5Ce+VWNLSWqPzOVn6XBO+vJbCNGvjoaGBFW2IE=
-github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.5/go.mod h1:cwPg85FWrGar70rWktvGQj8/hthj3wpl0PGDogxkrSQ=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.1 h1:VsB4HPswih7mmZ8WleSFQ75c/Ui1M4trX5oAsJnhSlk=
+github.com/klauspost/compress v1.19.1/go.mod h1:cwPg85FWrGar70rWktvGQj8/hthj3wpl0PGDogxkrSQ=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid v1.2.0/go.mod h1:Pj4uuM528wm8OyEC2QMXAi2YiTZ96dNQPGgoMS4s3ek=
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 github.com/klauspost/pgzip v1.2.6/go.mod h1:Ch1tH69qFZu15pkjo5kYi6mth2Zzwzt50oCQKQE9RUs=
-github.com/kr/pretty v0.2.1/go.mod h1:ipq/a2n7PKx3OHsz4KJII5eveXtPO4qwEXGdVfWzfnI=
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-github.com/kr/pty v1.1.1/go.mod h1:pFQYn66WHrOpPYNljwOMqo10TkYh1fy3cYio2l3bCsQ=
-github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0 h1:5Nx0Ya0ZqY2ygV366QzturHI13Jq95ApcVaJBhpS+AY=
 github.com/kr/text v0.2.0/go.mod h1:eLer722TekiGuMkidMxC/pM04lWEeraHUUmBw8l2grE=
 github.com/kylelemons/godebug v1.1.0 h1:RPNrshWIDI6G2gRW9EHilWtl7Z6Sb1BR0xunSBf0SNc=
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@@ -310,34 +297,34 @@ go.yaml.in/yaml/v2 v2.4.4 h1:tuyd0P+2Ont/d6e2rl3be67goVK4R6deVxCUX5vyPaQ=
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+golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0 h1:o7XGOvZQCADBQQ4Y7VNq2dRWQR7JmOUW8Kxx4ZsNgWs=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.47.0/go.mod h1:4GL1E5IUh+htKOUEOaiffhrAeqysfVGipDYzABqnCmw=
+golang.org/x/term v0.45.0 h1:NwWyBmoJCbfTHpxrWoZ9C6/VxOf7ic219I8xZZFdrf0=
+golang.org/x/term v0.45.0/go.mod h1:9aqxs0blBcrm/n0L9QW0aRVD+ktan8ssZromtqJC43w=
+golang.org/x/text v0.40.0 h1:Ub2Z6/xjgF1WrYQz2nuITOEegKFtiIy+rieRJ5lHZKs=
+golang.org/x/text v0.40.0/go.mod h1:hpnzDAfGV753zIKo+wk3u1bVKCGPbrnF7+7LBF/UHVY=
 golang.org/x/time v0.15.0 h1:bbrp8t3bGUeFOx08pvsMYRTCVSMk89u4tKbNOZbp88U=
 golang.org/x/time v0.15.0/go.mod h1:Y4YMaQmXwGQZoFaVFk4YpCt4FLQMYKZe9oeV/f4MSno=
 golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543/go.mod h1:I/5z698sn9Ka8TeJc9MKroUUfqBBauWjQqLJ2OPfmY0=
 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.17.0 h1:VbpOemQlsSMrYmn7T2OUvQ4dqxQXU+ouZFQsZOx50z4=
 gonum.org/v1/gonum v0.17.0/go.mod h1:El3tOrEuMpv2UdMrbNlKEh9vd86bmQ6vqIcDwxEOc1E=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d h1:/aDRtSZJjyLQzm75d+a1wOJaqyKBMvIAfeQmoa3ORiI=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d/go.mod h1:etfGUgejTiadZAUaEP14NP97xi1RGeawqkjDARA/UOs=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d h1:wT2n40TBqFY6wiwazVK9/iTWbsQrgk5ZfCSVFLO9LQA=
-google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260406210006-6f92a3bedf2d/go.mod h1:4Hqkh8ycfw05ld/3BWL7rJOSfebL2Q+DVDeRgYgxUU8=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.80.0 h1:Xr6m2WmWZLETvUNvIUmeD5OAagMw3FiKmMlTdViWsHM=
-google.golang.org/grpc v1.80.0/go.mod h1:ho/dLnxwi3EDJA4Zghp7k2Ec1+c2jqup0bFkw07bwF4=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260615183401-62b3387ff324 h1:g0RAkxK/smSu/iRwC/KIX1mwUoVJtk2OjbgaeS4DmUM=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/api v0.0.0-20260615183401-62b3387ff324/go.mod h1:Z4WJ5pJOYWFWcHEQUelD5QaZDknIQkpIL/+fyJOT9+A=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260615183401-62b3387ff324 h1:9HZDLIdYBJXAnaFOr9WHrKVycfpY+75s9HGadC0305A=
+google.golang.org/genproto/googleapis/rpc v0.0.0-20260615183401-62b3387ff324/go.mod h1:4Hqkh8ycfw05ld/3BWL7rJOSfebL2Q+DVDeRgYgxUU8=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.82.1 h1:NnAxzGRA0677vCa4BUkOAnO5+FfQqVl9iUXeD0IqcGE=
+google.golang.org/grpc v1.82.1/go.mod h1:yzTZ1TB1Z3SG+LIYaI+WiE8D5+PZ3ArnrSp8zF3+/ZA=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11 h1:fV6ZwhNocDyBLK0dj+fg8ektcVegBBuEolpbTQyBNVE=
 google.golang.org/protobuf v1.36.11/go.mod h1:HTf+CrKn2C3g5S8VImy6tdcUvCska2kB7j23XfzDpco=
 gopkg.in/check.v1 v0.0.0-20161208181325-20d25e280405/go.mod h1:Co6ibVJAznAaIkqp8huTwlJQCZ016jof/cbN4VW5Yz0=
--- a/package-lock.json
+++ b/package-lock.json
@@ -5,9 +5,9 @@
  "packages": {
    "": {
      "devDependencies": {
-        "prettier": "3.8.3",
+        "prettier": "3.9.6",
        "prettier-plugin-gherkin": "^3.1.3",
-        "prettier-plugin-sh": "^0.18.0"
+        "prettier-plugin-sh": "^0.19.0"
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@cucumber/gherkin": {
@@ -34,15 +34,80 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/@reteps/dockerfmt": {
-      "version": "0.5.2",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@reteps/dockerfmt/-/dockerfmt-0.5.2.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-Hbr7yen4fP5TxGM54ucXa4o5NwWXatJ6Bd9I8gp0PValYbI4Rug2Gu+rVv7K7o/efQc3F5ctqWJz47rYaa8zBw==",
+      "version": "0.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@reteps/dockerfmt/-/dockerfmt-0.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-HEGgXVVOb+JtGUSSzXl/XPKFIZjMDTUoHarCjaQdkY+cb5M9K/O3b5xm+x0IPIk3SfHurbc0bSgcFsQlzjitxA==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
+      "bin": {
+        "dockerfmt": "dist/launcher.js"
+      },
      "engines": {
        "node": "^v12.20.0 || ^14.13.0 || >=16.0.0"
+      },
+      "optionalDependencies": {
+        "@reteps/dockerfmt-darwin-arm64": "0.5.4",
+        "@reteps/dockerfmt-darwin-x64": "0.5.4",
+        "@reteps/dockerfmt-linux-arm64": "0.5.4",
+        "@reteps/dockerfmt-linux-x64": "0.5.4"
      }
    },
+    "node_modules/@reteps/dockerfmt-darwin-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@reteps/dockerfmt-darwin-arm64/-/dockerfmt-darwin-arm64-0.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-urMqV+dQyvVI8/WrXwClX9e1PEyS35wFdwJjpZYmL09AkV4Io5U1oam8UBKK7jZk0+YsdF88ay6e86Kn6DIyQg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@reteps/dockerfmt-darwin-x64": {
+      "version": "0.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@reteps/dockerfmt-darwin-x64/-/dockerfmt-darwin-x64-0.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-fJORy6DFxbgDiMqxpLTPZlb5KUY0Vq0iR4NGnyKnuYZ9LdZUS508DK2kt/AJ87/jIKNV1qRG0JXG1Tc6xdvWjw==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "darwin"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@reteps/dockerfmt-linux-arm64": {
+      "version": "0.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@reteps/dockerfmt-linux-arm64/-/dockerfmt-linux-arm64-0.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-6pVakO06eXtDuvxy1Dnjs/gQyUoGGycle8PRSt5IFRwLi/AVaOQwfkfmW0WP8VH9wNUeti6BfJ3ksTn2G+XMxg==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "arm64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ]
+    },
+    "node_modules/@reteps/dockerfmt-linux-x64": {
+      "version": "0.5.4",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@reteps/dockerfmt-linux-x64/-/dockerfmt-linux-x64-0.5.4.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OD6SIlUV1D4TgJoTui3FMBAZsGbTSPYsiT0BKhD6jMUcJb3GpFTa7dY9rL8rP9FUqfL7OTHVUGUOL4Rh64Olog==",
+      "cpu": [
+        "x64"
+      ],
+      "dev": true,
+      "license": "MIT",
+      "optional": true,
+      "os": [
+        "linux"
+      ]
+    },
    "node_modules/@types/uuid": {
      "version": "10.0.0",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/@types/uuid/-/uuid-10.0.0.tgz",
@@ -58,9 +123,9 @@
      "license": "MIT"
    },
    "node_modules/prettier": {
-      "version": "3.8.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/prettier/-/prettier-3.8.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-7igPTM53cGHMW8xWuVTydi2KO233VFiTNyF5hLJqpilHfmn8C8gPf+PS7dUT64YcXFbiMGZxS9pCSxL/Dxm/Jw==",
+      "version": "3.9.6",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/prettier/-/prettier-3.9.6.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-OpN0zzVdiaiAhxpuuj5efpIS4sY9j7bY6uR5mnj5yPzGkdkjNKSJeUThPb60Jw29QuAZgA4o+/iB49kFiaBX6g==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
      "bin": {
@@ -86,14 +151,14 @@
      }
    },
    "node_modules/prettier-plugin-sh": {
-      "version": "0.18.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/prettier-plugin-sh/-/prettier-plugin-sh-0.18.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-uZmU22wBMevjh3rmCatNQqiEer2+5KLa0xYCBX6zQQUQkcNzVL+s6FbPKK6ZSUNUbQk6jMAcQHrYPvuL2W6ihQ==",
+      "version": "0.19.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/prettier-plugin-sh/-/prettier-plugin-sh-0.19.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-39VXFZH/cOGtcuu8aeSvqp/hhwomOR4QroZUj+jBz2cNb3os9s0sqFZSNlYts6jdtLLDU7D2YT3Z1+abtb7adQ==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
      "dependencies": {
-        "@reteps/dockerfmt": "^0.5.1",
-        "sh-syntax": "^0.5.8"
+        "@reteps/dockerfmt": "^0.5.4",
+        "sh-syntax": "^0.6.0"
      },
      "engines": {
        "node": ">=16.0.0"
@@ -113,14 +178,11 @@
      "license": "Apache-2.0"
    },
    "node_modules/sh-syntax": {
-      "version": "0.5.8",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sh-syntax/-/sh-syntax-0.5.8.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-JfVoxf4FxQI5qpsPbkHhZo+n6N9YMJobyl4oGEUBb/31oQYlgTjkXQD8PBiafS2UbWoxrTO0Z5PJUBXEPAG1Zw==",
+      "version": "0.6.0",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/sh-syntax/-/sh-syntax-0.6.0.tgz",
+      "integrity": "sha512-52VK6z/cdZHv7UURjIcwfBUQZrAhIEEe0bY4lrkfypjnFIKsDZdD3Uaz/dBiw/sF8BeX0Mssv140s8EnrsJ9dQ==",
      "dev": true,
      "license": "MIT",
-      "dependencies": {
-        "tslib": "^2.8.1"
-      },
      "engines": {
        "node": ">=16.0.0"
      },
@@ -128,13 +190,6 @@
        "url": "https://opencollective.com/sh-syntax"
      }
    },
-    "node_modules/tslib": {
-      "version": "2.8.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/tslib/-/tslib-2.8.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-oJFu94HQb+KVduSUQL7wnpmqnfmLsOA/nAh6b6EH0wCEoK0/mPeXU6c3wKDV83MkOuHPRHtSXKKU99IBazS/2w==",
-      "dev": true,
-      "license": "0BSD"
-    },
    "node_modules/uuid": {
      "version": "11.0.5",
      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/uuid/-/uuid-11.0.5.tgz",
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 {
  "devDependencies": {
-    "prettier": "3.8.3",
+    "prettier": "3.9.6",
    "prettier-plugin-gherkin": "^3.1.3",
-    "prettier-plugin-sh": "^0.18.0"
+    "prettier-plugin-sh": "^0.19.0"
  }
 }
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/attrs.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/attrs.go
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package gotenberg
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+	"slices"
+)
+
+// maxAttrRunes bounds the length of a string span attribute to keep payload
+// size and backend cardinality in check.
+const maxAttrRunes = 256
+
+// CapAttr truncates s to at most [maxAttrRunes] runes, appending an ellipsis
+// when it shortens the value. It is multibyte-safe.
+func CapAttr(s string) string {
+	runes := []rune(s)
+	if len(runes) <= maxAttrRunes {
+		return s
+	}
+	return string(runes[:maxAttrRunes-1]) + "…"
+}
+
+// RedactURL parses raw and returns a redacted, length-capped form safe to use
+// as a span attribute or event value. Userinfo, query, and fragment are
+// dropped because they may carry credentials or other sensitive data. It
+// returns an empty string when raw is empty or cannot be parsed.
+func RedactURL(raw string) string {
+	if raw == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(raw)
+	if err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	parsed.User = nil
+	parsed.RawQuery = ""
+	parsed.ForceQuery = false
+	parsed.Fragment = ""
+	parsed.RawFragment = ""
+
+	return CapAttr(parsed.String())
+}
+
+// MapEnum returns value when it belongs to allowed, otherwise "other". It keeps
+// a span attribute or metric dimension bounded even when an upstream tool
+// introduces a new enum value.
+func MapEnum(value string, allowed ...string) string {
+	if slices.Contains(allowed, value) {
+		return value
+	}
+	return "other"
+}
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/attrs_test.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/attrs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package gotenberg
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestRedactURL(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		raw  string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"empty", "", ""},
+		{"strips userinfo query fragment", "https://user:pass@example.com/path?token=secret#frag", "https://example.com/path"},
+		{"keeps host and path", "http://example.com/a/b", "http://example.com/a/b"},
+		{"parse error", "http://example.com/%zz", ""},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := RedactURL(tc.raw); got != tc.want {
+				t.Errorf("RedactURL(%q) = %q, want %q", tc.raw, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRedactURL_Caps(t *testing.T) {
+	raw := "https://example.com/" + strings.Repeat("a", 400)
+	got := RedactURL(raw)
+	if n := len([]rune(got)); n != maxAttrRunes {
+		t.Errorf("expected capped length %d, got %d", maxAttrRunes, n)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCapAttr(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("short unchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if got := CapAttr("short"); got != "short" {
+			t.Errorf("expected unchanged, got %q", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("multibyte truncated to rune cap", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := CapAttr(strings.Repeat("é", 400))
+		if n := len([]rune(got)); n != maxAttrRunes {
+			t.Errorf("expected %d runes, got %d", maxAttrRunes, n)
+		}
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(got, "…") {
+			t.Error("expected an ellipsis suffix on a truncated value")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func TestMapEnum(t *testing.T) {
+	allowed := []string{"document", "stylesheet", "script"}
+
+	if got := MapEnum("script", allowed...); got != "script" {
+		t.Errorf("expected member passthrough, got %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := MapEnum("websocket", allowed...); got != "other" {
+		t.Errorf("expected non-member to map to other, got %q", got)
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/buildversions.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/buildversions.go
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+package gotenberg
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+)
+
+// BuildVersionsDirPathEnvVar names the environment variable holding the
+// absolute path to a directory of build-time version files. The Gotenberg image
+// writes one file per module there, named by module ID and holding the version
+// string of that module's backing binary, captured right after the binary is
+// installed. The running process reads these files instead of executing the
+// binaries, which keeps startup and the first request cheap.
+const BuildVersionsDirPathEnvVar = "GOTENBERG_VERSIONS_DIR_PATH"
+
+// BuildVersion returns the build-time version captured for the module with the
+// given ID. The boolean is false when no version was captured, which is the
+// case for local or non-Docker builds where the directory is absent. A module
+// uses it to avoid spawning its backing binary just to report a version.
+//
+// It is defensive: an unset variable, a missing or unreadable file, or an empty
+// value all yield ("", false), so the caller falls back to detecting the
+// version at runtime. See [BuildVersionsDirPathEnvVar].
+func BuildVersion(moduleID string) (string, bool) {
+	dir := os.Getenv(BuildVersionsDirPathEnvVar)
+	if dir == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	// Module IDs are fixed internal constants, never paths. Guard anyway so a
+	// stray separator can't escape the versions directory.
+	if moduleID != filepath.Base(moduleID) {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	// The directory comes from a trusted operator-set environment variable,
+	// mirroring how engines exec their env-configured binaries.
+	b, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, moduleID)) //nolint:gosec
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	version := strings.TrimSpace(string(b))
+	if version == "" {
+		return "", false
+	}
+
+	return version, true
+}
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/buildversions_test.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/buildversions_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+package gotenberg
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestBuildVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		scenario  string
+		fileBody  string
+		writeFile bool
+		setEnv    bool
+		moduleID  string
+		wantValue string
+		wantOk    bool
+	}{
+		{
+			scenario:  "version present",
+			fileBody:  "Chromium 146.0",
+			writeFile: true,
+			setEnv:    true,
+			moduleID:  "chromium",
+			wantValue: "Chromium 146.0",
+			wantOk:    true,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:  "value trimmed",
+			fileBody:  "  qpdf version 11.9.0  \n",
+			writeFile: true,
+			setEnv:    true,
+			moduleID:  "qpdf",
+			wantValue: "qpdf version 11.9.0",
+			wantOk:    true,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:  "empty file falls back",
+			fileBody:  "   \n",
+			writeFile: true,
+			setEnv:    true,
+			moduleID:  "pdftk",
+			wantValue: "",
+			wantOk:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:  "missing file falls back",
+			writeFile: false,
+			setEnv:    true,
+			moduleID:  "exiftool",
+			wantValue: "",
+			wantOk:    false,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:  "env unset falls back",
+			setEnv:    false,
+			moduleID:  "chromium",
+			wantValue: "",
+			wantOk:    false,
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if tc.setEnv {
+				dir := t.TempDir()
+				if tc.writeFile {
+					if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, tc.moduleID), []byte(tc.fileBody), 0o600); err != nil {
+						t.Fatalf("write version file: %v", err)
+					}
+				}
+				t.Setenv(BuildVersionsDirPathEnvVar, dir)
+			} else {
+				t.Setenv(BuildVersionsDirPathEnvVar, "")
+			}
+
+			value, ok := BuildVersion(tc.moduleID)
+			if value != tc.wantValue || ok != tc.wantOk {
+				t.Errorf("BuildVersion(%q) = (%q, %t), want (%q, %t)", tc.moduleID, value, ok, tc.wantValue, tc.wantOk)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/cmd.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/cmd.go
@@ -8,8 +8,14 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
+	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.41.0"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
 )

 // Cmd wraps an [exec.Cmd].
@@ -92,11 +98,44 @@ func (cmd *Cmd) Wait() error {

 // Exec executes the command and waits for its completion or until the context
 // is done. In any case, it kills the unix process and all its children.
+//
+// When the context carries an active trace span, Exec records a
+// "process.exec" client span around the execution. It is the single
+// instrumentation point for every short-lived external binary (soffice, pdftk,
+// qpdf, exiftool, pdfcpu). The span is skipped when there is no active parent,
+// so process starts performed off the request path do not emit orphan roots.
 func (cmd *Cmd) Exec() (int, error) {
 	if cmd.ctx == nil {
 		return 10, errors.New("nil context")
 	}

+	var span trace.Span
+	if trace.SpanContextFromContext(cmd.ctx).IsValid() {
+		_, span = Tracer().Start(cmd.ctx, "process.exec",
+			trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
+			trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ProcessExecutableName(filepath.Base(cmd.process.Path))),
+		)
+		defer span.End()
+	}
+
+	code, err := cmd.exec()
+
+	if span != nil {
+		span.SetAttributes(attribute.Int("process.exit.code", code))
+		if err != nil {
+			span.RecordError(err)
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+			span.SetAttributes(semconv.ErrorTypeKey.String(execErrorType(cmd.ctx)))
+		} else {
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
+		}
+	}
+
+	return code, err
+}
+
+// exec runs the command and returns its exit code and error.
+func (cmd *Cmd) exec() (int, error) {
 	err := cmd.Start()
 	if err != nil {
 		if cmd.process.ProcessState == nil {
@@ -138,6 +177,19 @@ func (cmd *Cmd) Exec() (int, error) {
 	}
 }

+// execErrorType maps an execution failure to a bounded semconv error.type
+// value.
+func execErrorType(ctx context.Context) string {
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.DeadlineExceeded):
+		return "context_deadline_exceeded"
+	case errors.Is(ctx.Err(), context.Canceled):
+		return "context_canceled"
+	default:
+		return "process_error"
+	}
+}
+
 // pipeOutput creates logs entries according to the process stdout and stderr.
 // It does nothing if the logging level is not debug.
 func (cmd *Cmd) pipeOutput() error {
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/cmd_test.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/cmd_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+package gotenberg
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
+	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace/tracetest"
+)
+
+func newTestSpanRecorder(t *testing.T) *tracetest.SpanRecorder {
+	t.Helper()
+	recorder := tracetest.NewSpanRecorder()
+	provider := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(sdktrace.WithSpanProcessor(recorder))
+	previous := otel.GetTracerProvider()
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(provider)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { otel.SetTracerProvider(previous) })
+	return recorder
+}
+
+func findSpan(recorder *tracetest.SpanRecorder, name string) sdktrace.ReadOnlySpan {
+	for _, s := range recorder.Ended() {
+		if s.Name() == name {
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func spanAttr(span sdktrace.ReadOnlySpan, key string) (attribute.Value, bool) {
+	for _, kv := range span.Attributes() {
+		if string(kv.Key) == key {
+			return kv.Value, true
+		}
+	}
+	return attribute.Value{}, false
+}
+
+func TestCmd_Exec_NilContext(t *testing.T) {
+	cmd := Command(slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), "true")
+
+	code, err := cmd.Exec()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected an error for a nil context")
+	}
+	if code != 10 {
+		t.Errorf("expected code 10, got %d", code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCmd_Exec_NoParentSpanProducesNoSpan(t *testing.T) {
+	recorder := newTestSpanRecorder(t)
+
+	cmd, err := CommandContext(context.Background(), slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), "sh", "-c", "exit 0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create command: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	code, err := cmd.Exec()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if code != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected code 0, got %d", code)
+	}
+	if n := len(recorder.Ended()); n != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected no span without an active parent, got %d", n)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCmd_Exec_RecordsSpanOnSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	recorder := newTestSpanRecorder(t)
+
+	ctx, parent := otel.Tracer("test").Start(context.Background(), "parent")
+	cmd, err := CommandContext(ctx, slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), "sh", "-c", "exit 0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create command: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	code, err := cmd.Exec()
+	parent.End()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if code != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected code 0, got %d", code)
+	}
+
+	span := findSpan(recorder, "process.exec")
+	if span == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected a process.exec span to be recorded")
+	}
+	if span.Status().Code != codes.Ok {
+		t.Errorf("expected status Ok, got %v", span.Status().Code)
+	}
+	if name, ok := spanAttr(span, "process.executable.name"); !ok || name.AsString() != "sh" {
+		t.Errorf("expected process.executable.name=sh, got %q (present=%t)", name.AsString(), ok)
+	}
+	if exit, ok := spanAttr(span, "process.exit.code"); !ok || exit.AsInt64() != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected process.exit.code=0, got %d (present=%t)", exit.AsInt64(), ok)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCmd_Exec_RecordsSpanOnError(t *testing.T) {
+	recorder := newTestSpanRecorder(t)
+
+	ctx, parent := otel.Tracer("test").Start(context.Background(), "parent")
+	cmd, err := CommandContext(ctx, slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), "sh", "-c", "exit 3")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create command: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	code, err := cmd.Exec()
+	parent.End()
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected an error for a non-zero exit code")
+	}
+	if code != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("expected exit code 3, got %d", code)
+	}
+
+	span := findSpan(recorder, "process.exec")
+	if span == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected a process.exec span to be recorded")
+	}
+	if span.Status().Code != codes.Error {
+		t.Errorf("expected status Error, got %v", span.Status().Code)
+	}
+	if et, ok := spanAttr(span, "error.type"); !ok || et.AsString() != "process_error" {
+		t.Errorf("expected error.type=process_error, got %q (present=%t)", et.AsString(), ok)
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/errortype.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/errortype.go
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package gotenberg
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+
+	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.41.0"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
+)
+
+// Engine-agnostic, low-cardinality error.type values shared by the conversion
+// engines. They are safe to use both as the semconv error.type span attribute
+// and as bounded metric label values.
+const (
+	ErrorTypeTimeout           = "timeout"
+	ErrorTypeContextCancelled  = "context_cancelled"
+	ErrorTypeQueueSizeExceeded = "queue_size_exceeded"
+	ErrorTypeProcessRestarting = "process_restarting"
+	ErrorTypeInvalidInput      = "invalid_input"
+	ErrorTypeUnknown           = "unknown"
+)
+
+// ClassifyError maps err to a bounded, engine-agnostic error.type value. It
+// recognizes the failure modes shared by every engine: deadline, cancellation,
+// queue saturation, and process restart. It returns an empty string for a nil
+// error and [ErrorTypeUnknown] for anything it does not recognize, leaving
+// engine-specific refinement (such as [ErrorTypeInvalidInput]) to the caller.
+func ClassifyError(err error) string {
+	switch {
+	case err == nil:
+		return ""
+	case errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded):
+		return ErrorTypeTimeout
+	case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
+		return ErrorTypeContextCancelled
+	case errors.Is(err, ErrMaximumQueueSizeExceeded):
+		return ErrorTypeQueueSizeExceeded
+	case errors.Is(err, ErrProcessAlreadyRestarting):
+		return ErrorTypeProcessRestarting
+	default:
+		return ErrorTypeUnknown
+	}
+}
+
+// SpanErrorType records errorType as the semconv error.type attribute on span.
+// It is a no-op when errorType is empty.
+func SpanErrorType(span trace.Span, errorType string) {
+	if errorType == "" {
+		return
+	}
+	span.SetAttributes(semconv.ErrorTypeKey.String(errorType))
+}
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/errortype_test.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/errortype_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package gotenberg
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+)
+
+func TestClassifyError(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"nil", nil, ""},
+		{"deadline", context.DeadlineExceeded, ErrorTypeTimeout},
+		{"canceled", context.Canceled, ErrorTypeContextCancelled},
+		{"queue size exceeded", ErrMaximumQueueSizeExceeded, ErrorTypeQueueSizeExceeded},
+		{"process restarting", ErrProcessAlreadyRestarting, ErrorTypeProcessRestarting},
+		{"wrapped deadline", fmt.Errorf("convert: %w", context.DeadlineExceeded), ErrorTypeTimeout},
+		{"joined queue", errors.Join(errors.New("attempt"), ErrMaximumQueueSizeExceeded), ErrorTypeQueueSizeExceeded},
+		{"arbitrary", errors.New("boom"), ErrorTypeUnknown},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := ClassifyError(tc.err); got != tc.want {
+				t.Errorf("ClassifyError(%v) = %q, want %q", tc.err, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSpanErrorType(t *testing.T) {
+	recorder := newTestSpanRecorder(t)
+
+	_, span := otel.Tracer("test").Start(context.Background(), "engine.Op")
+	SpanErrorType(span, "")               // no-op, must not add an attribute
+	SpanErrorType(span, ErrorTypeTimeout) // sets error.type
+	span.End()
+
+	got := findSpan(recorder, "engine.Op")
+	if got == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected the span to be recorded")
+	}
+
+	count := 0
+	for _, kv := range got.Attributes() {
+		if string(kv.Key) == "error.type" {
+			count++
+			if kv.Value.AsString() != ErrorTypeTimeout {
+				t.Errorf("expected error.type=%q, got %q", ErrorTypeTimeout, kv.Value.AsString())
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if count != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected exactly one error.type attribute, got %d", count)
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/internal/log/stdhandler.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/internal/log/stdhandler.go
@@ -50,7 +50,12 @@ func (h traceContextHandler) WithGroup(name string) slog.Handler {
 }

 // NewStdHandler returns a [slog.Handler] instance for the standard output.
-func NewStdHandler(level slog.Level, format string, fieldsPrefix string, enableGcpFields bool) (slog.Handler, error) {
+// upperLevelCase is the value of the level-case setting that keeps the level
+// field uppercase in the standard output. It mirrors gotenberg.UpperLevelCase,
+// duplicated here because the internal log package cannot import gotenberg.
+const upperLevelCase = "upper"
+
+func NewStdHandler(level slog.Level, format string, fieldsPrefix string, enableGcpFields bool, levelCase string) (slog.Handler, error) {
 	// #nosec: G115
 	isTerminal := term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdout.Fd()))

@@ -82,7 +87,11 @@ func NewStdHandler(level slog.Level, format string, fieldsPrefix string, enableG
 				a.Key = "severity"
 				a.Value = slog.StringValue(gcpSeverity(l))
 			default:
-				a.Value = slog.StringValue(strings.ToLower(l.String()))
+				if levelCase == upperLevelCase {
+					a.Value = slog.StringValue(l.String())
+				} else {
+					a.Value = slog.StringValue(strings.ToLower(l.String()))
+				}
 			}
 		}

--- a/pkg/gotenberg/internal/log/stdhandler_test.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/internal/log/stdhandler_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+package log
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"io"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestNewStdHandler_LevelCase(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name      string
+		levelCase string
+		want      string
+	}{
+		{"lower is the default behavior", "lower", "info"},
+		{"upper keeps slog casing", "upper", "INFO"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			original := os.Stderr
+			reader, writer, err := os.Pipe()
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("create pipe: %v", err)
+			}
+			os.Stderr = writer
+			defer func() { os.Stderr = original }()
+
+			handler, err := NewStdHandler(slog.LevelInfo, "json", "", false, tc.levelCase)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("create handler: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			slog.New(handler).Info("hello")
+
+			if err := writer.Close(); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("close writer: %v", err)
+			}
+			out, err := io.ReadAll(reader)
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("read output: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			var record map[string]any
+			if err := json.Unmarshal(out, &record); err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("parse log line %q: %v", out, err)
+			}
+			if record["level"] != tc.want {
+				t.Errorf("level = %v, want %v", record["level"], tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/internal/otel/doc.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/internal/otel/doc.go
@@ -3,5 +3,22 @@
 //
 // Significantly inspired by https://github.com/lucavallin/gotel.
 //
+// # Sampling
+//
+// No sampler is configured in code, so the SDK default applies:
+// parentbased_always_on. Every trace is recorded and exported. Operators tune
+// sampling through the standard environment variables, honored by the SDK:
+//
+//	OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER       e.g. parentbased_traceidratio, always_off
+//	OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER_ARG   e.g. 0.1 for a 10% ratio
+//
+// Head sampling drops whole traces up front, including the rare slow or failed
+// conversions that matter most for diagnosis. For high-throughput deployments,
+// prefer keeping head sampling permissive and applying tail sampling in the
+// collector (sample on error or high latency), which decides after a trace
+// completes. Gotenberg emits trace-based metric exemplars, so the conversion
+// histograms still link to representative traces regardless of the head
+// sampling ratio.
+//
 // See https://opentelemetry.io/.
 package otel
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/internal/otel/otel.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/internal/otel/otel.go
@@ -14,33 +14,63 @@ import (
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/propagation"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/log"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric/exemplar"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/resource"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
-	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.40.0"
+	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.41.0"
 )

+// buildResource assembles the OpenTelemetry resource shared by the tracer,
+// meter, and logger providers. Detection is best-effort: a detector or merge
+// failure is logged and the build proceeds with whatever was gathered, so a
+// flaky environment never prevents telemetry from starting.
+func buildResource(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, serviceName, serviceVersion string) *resource.Resource {
+	base := resource.NewWithAttributes(
+		semconv.SchemaURL,
+		semconv.ServiceName(serviceName),
+		semconv.ServiceVersion(serviceVersion),
+	)
+
+	// Granular detectors only. The WithProcess() bundle is deliberately omitted
+	// because it adds process.command_args/process.command_line, which can carry
+	// proxy credentials and host-resolver rules passed on the command line.
+	detected, err := resource.New(ctx,
+		resource.WithFromEnv(),
+		resource.WithTelemetrySDK(),
+		resource.WithHost(),
+		resource.WithHostID(),
+		resource.WithOS(),
+		resource.WithContainer(),
+		resource.WithProcessPID(),
+		resource.WithProcessExecutableName(),
+		resource.WithProcessExecutablePath(),
+		resource.WithProcessRuntimeName(),
+		resource.WithProcessRuntimeVersion(),
+		resource.WithProcessRuntimeDescription(),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.WarnContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("partially detect OpenTelemetry resource: %s", err))
+	}
+	if detected == nil {
+		return base
+	}
+
+	merged, err := resource.Merge(detected, base)
+	if err != nil {
+		logger.WarnContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("merge OpenTelemetry resource: %s", err))
+		return base
+	}
+
+	return merged
+}
+
 // InitTracerProvider initializes the OpenTelemetry tracer provider.
 func InitTracerProvider(logger *slog.Logger, serviceName, serviceVersion string) (shutdown func(context.Context) error, err error) {
 	initOtelLogger(logger)

 	ctx := context.Background()
-	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get hostname: %w", err)
-	}

-	res, err := resource.Merge(
-		resource.Default(),
-		resource.NewWithAttributes(
-			semconv.SchemaURL,
-			semconv.ServiceName(serviceName),
-			semconv.ServiceVersion(serviceVersion),
-			semconv.HostName(hostname),
-		),
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("merge resource: %w", err)
-	}
+	res := buildResource(ctx, logger, serviceName, serviceVersion)

 	traceOpts := []trace.TracerProviderOption{
 		trace.WithResource(res),
@@ -71,27 +101,13 @@ func InitMeterProvider(logger *slog.Logger, serviceName, serviceVersion string)
 	initOtelLogger(logger)

 	ctx := context.Background()
-	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get hostname: %w", err)
-	}

-	res, err := resource.Merge(
-		resource.Default(),
-		resource.NewWithAttributes(
-			semconv.SchemaURL,
-			semconv.ServiceName(serviceName),
-			semconv.ServiceVersion(serviceVersion),
-			semconv.HostName(hostname),
-		),
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("merge resource: %w", err)
-	}
+	res := buildResource(ctx, logger, serviceName, serviceVersion)

 	metricOpts := []metric.Option{
 		metric.WithResource(res),
 	}
+	metricOpts = append(metricOpts, exemplarFilterOptions()...)

 	metricReader, err := autoexport.NewMetricReader(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -108,28 +124,24 @@ func InitMeterProvider(logger *slog.Logger, serviceName, serviceVersion string)
 	return meterProvider.Shutdown, nil
 }

+// exemplarFilterOptions returns the meter provider options that pin trace-based
+// exemplars, so the histograms expose the trace id of a representative
+// measurement. It yields no option when the operator selects a filter via
+// OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER, letting the SDK's own env handling win.
+func exemplarFilterOptions() []metric.Option {
+	if _, ok := os.LookupEnv("OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER"); ok {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return []metric.Option{metric.WithExemplarFilter(exemplar.TraceBasedFilter)}
+}
+
 // InitLoggerProvider initializes the OpenTelemetry logger provider.
 func InitLoggerProvider(logger *slog.Logger, serviceName, serviceVersion string) (shutdown func(context.Context) error, handler slog.Handler, err error) {
 	initOtelLogger(logger)

 	ctx := context.Background()
-	hostname, err := os.Hostname()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("get hostname: %w", err)
-	}

-	res, err := resource.Merge(
-		resource.Default(),
-		resource.NewWithAttributes(
-			semconv.SchemaURL,
-			semconv.ServiceName(serviceName),
-			semconv.ServiceVersion(serviceVersion),
-			semconv.HostName(hostname),
-		),
-	)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, nil, fmt.Errorf("merge resource: %w", err)
-	}
+	res := buildResource(ctx, logger, serviceName, serviceVersion)

 	logOpts := []log.LoggerProviderOption{
 		log.WithResource(res),
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/internal/otel/otel_test.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/internal/otel/otel_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+package otel
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+	"os"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	sdkmetric "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric/exemplar"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric/metricdata"
+	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.41.0"
+)
+
+func TestBuildResource(t *testing.T) {
+	res := buildResource(context.Background(), slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), "gotenberg", "v8.0.0")
+
+	got := map[string]struct{}{}
+	values := map[string]string{}
+	for _, kv := range res.Attributes() {
+		got[string(kv.Key)] = struct{}{}
+		values[string(kv.Key)] = kv.Value.AsString()
+	}
+
+	if values[string(semconv.ServiceNameKey)] != "gotenberg" {
+		t.Errorf("service.name = %q, want %q", values[string(semconv.ServiceNameKey)], "gotenberg")
+	}
+	if values[string(semconv.ServiceVersionKey)] != "v8.0.0" {
+		t.Errorf("service.version = %q, want %q", values[string(semconv.ServiceVersionKey)], "v8.0.0")
+	}
+
+	for _, key := range []string{
+		string(semconv.HostNameKey),
+		string(semconv.OSTypeKey),
+		string(semconv.ProcessRuntimeNameKey),
+	} {
+		if _, ok := got[key]; !ok {
+			t.Errorf("expected resource attribute %q to be present", key)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// The command-line bundle must never be detected (it can leak credentials).
+	for _, key := range []string{"process.command_args", "process.command_line"} {
+		if _, ok := got[key]; ok {
+			t.Errorf("did not expect sensitive resource attribute %q", key)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// TestInitTracerProvider_HonorsSamplerEnv guards the contract that the tracer
+// provider keeps honoring OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER. The SDK reads it only when no
+// explicit sampler is configured, so any future WithSampler() would silently
+// break operator-side sampling control.
+func TestInitTracerProvider_HonorsSamplerEnv(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name        string
+		sampler     string
+		wantSampled bool
+	}{
+		{"always off", "always_off", false},
+		{"always on", "always_on", true},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Setenv("OTEL_TRACES_EXPORTER", "none")
+			t.Setenv("OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER", tc.sampler)
+
+			shutdown, err := InitTracerProvider(slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), "test", "v0.0.0")
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("init tracer provider: %v", err)
+			}
+			t.Cleanup(func() { _ = shutdown(context.Background()) })
+
+			_, span := otel.Tracer("test").Start(context.Background(), "span")
+			span.End()
+
+			if got := span.SpanContext().IsSampled(); got != tc.wantSampled {
+				t.Errorf("OTEL_TRACES_SAMPLER=%q: IsSampled() = %v, want %v", tc.sampler, got, tc.wantSampled)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExemplarFilterOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("default pins trace-based", func(t *testing.T) {
+		if v, ok := os.LookupEnv("OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER"); ok {
+			os.Unsetenv("OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER")
+			t.Cleanup(func() { os.Setenv("OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER", v) })
+		}
+		if got := exemplarFilterOptions(); len(got) != 1 {
+			t.Errorf("expected 1 option when env unset, got %d", len(got))
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("env override yields no option", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv("OTEL_METRICS_EXEMPLAR_FILTER", "always_off")
+		if got := exemplarFilterOptions(); len(got) != 0 {
+			t.Errorf("expected 0 options when env set, got %d", len(got))
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+// TestMeterProvider_TraceBasedExemplar guards that the trace-based filter we pin
+// actually attaches a trace id to a histogram measurement recorded inside a
+// sampled span.
+func TestMeterProvider_TraceBasedExemplar(t *testing.T) {
+	reader := sdkmetric.NewManualReader()
+	provider := sdkmetric.NewMeterProvider(
+		sdkmetric.WithReader(reader),
+		sdkmetric.WithExemplarFilter(exemplar.TraceBasedFilter),
+	)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = provider.Shutdown(context.Background()) })
+
+	hist, err := provider.Meter("test").Float64Histogram("conversion.duration")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("create histogram: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	tracer := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(sdktrace.WithSampler(sdktrace.AlwaysSample())).Tracer("test")
+	ctx, span := tracer.Start(context.Background(), "conversion")
+	hist.Record(ctx, 1.0)
+	traceID := span.SpanContext().TraceID()
+	span.End()
+
+	var rm metricdata.ResourceMetrics
+	if err := reader.Collect(context.Background(), &rm); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("collect: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var found bool
+	for _, sm := range rm.ScopeMetrics {
+		for _, m := range sm.Metrics {
+			hd, ok := m.Data.(metricdata.Histogram[float64])
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			for _, dp := range hd.DataPoints {
+				for _, ex := range dp.Exemplars {
+					if string(ex.TraceID) == string(traceID[:]) {
+						found = true
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !found {
+		t.Error("expected a trace-based exemplar carrying the span trace id")
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/mocks.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/mocks.go
@@ -45,21 +45,23 @@ func (mod *DebuggableMock) Debug() map[string]any {
 //
 //nolint:dupl
 type PdfEngineMock struct {
-	MergeMock              func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPaths []string, outputPath string) error
-	SplitMock              func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, mode SplitMode, inputPath, outputDirPath string) ([]string, error)
-	FlattenMock            func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) error
-	ConvertMock            func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, formats PdfFormats, inputPath, outputPath string) error
-	ReadMetadataMock       func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (map[string]any, error)
-	PageCountMock          func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (int, error)
-	WriteMetadataMock      func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, metadata map[string]any, inputPath string) error
-	ReadBookmarksMock      func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) ([]Bookmark, error)
-	EncryptMock            func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath, userPassword, ownerPassword string) error
-	EmbedFilesMock         func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, filePaths []string, inputPath string) error
-	EmbedFilesMetadataMock func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, metadata map[string]map[string]string, inputPath string) error
-	WriteBookmarksMock     func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, bookmarks []Bookmark) error
-	WatermarkMock          func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp Stamp) error
-	StampMock              func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp Stamp) error
-	RotateMock             func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, angle int, pages string) error
+	MergeMock               func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPaths []string, outputPath string) error
+	SplitMock               func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, mode SplitMode, inputPath, outputDirPath string) ([]string, error)
+	FlattenMock             func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) error
+	ConvertMock             func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, formats PdfFormats, inputPath, outputPath string) error
+	ReadMetadataMock        func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (map[string]any, error)
+	PageCountMock           func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (int, error)
+	WriteMetadataMock       func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, metadata map[string]any, inputPath string) error
+	ReadBookmarksMock       func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) ([]Bookmark, error)
+	EncryptMock             func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, opts EncryptOptions) error
+	EmbedFilesMock          func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, filePaths []string, inputPath string) error
+	EmbedFilesMetadataMock  func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, metadata map[string]map[string]string, inputPath string) error
+	WriteBookmarksMock      func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, bookmarks []Bookmark) error
+	WatermarkMock           func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp Stamp) error
+	StampMock               func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp Stamp) error
+	RotateMock              func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, angle int, pages string) error
+	InjectFacturXXMPMock    func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, facturX FacturX, inputPath string) error
+	ReadPdfAConformanceMock func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (string, string, error)
 }

 func (engine *PdfEngineMock) Merge(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPaths []string, outputPath string) error {
@@ -94,8 +96,8 @@ func (engine *PdfEngineMock) ReadBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Log
 	return engine.ReadBookmarksMock(ctx, logger, inputPath)
 }

-func (engine *PdfEngineMock) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath, userPassword, ownerPassword string) error {
-	return engine.EncryptMock(ctx, logger, inputPath, userPassword, ownerPassword)
+func (engine *PdfEngineMock) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, opts EncryptOptions) error {
+	return engine.EncryptMock(ctx, logger, inputPath, opts)
 }

 func (engine *PdfEngineMock) EmbedFiles(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, filePaths []string, inputPath string) error {
@@ -122,6 +124,14 @@ func (engine *PdfEngineMock) Rotate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, in
 	return engine.RotateMock(ctx, logger, inputPath, angle, pages)
 }

+func (engine *PdfEngineMock) InjectFacturXXMP(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, facturX FacturX, inputPath string) error {
+	return engine.InjectFacturXXMPMock(ctx, logger, facturX, inputPath)
+}
+
+func (engine *PdfEngineMock) ReadPdfAConformance(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (string, string, error) {
+	return engine.ReadPdfAConformanceMock(ctx, logger, inputPath)
+}
+
 // PdfEngineProviderMock is a mock for the [PdfEngineProvider] interface.
 type PdfEngineProviderMock struct {
 	PdfEngineMock func() (PdfEngine, error)
@@ -152,13 +162,14 @@ func (p *ProcessMock) Healthy(logger *slog.Logger) bool {

 // ProcessSupervisorMock is a mock for the [ProcessSupervisor] interface.
 type ProcessSupervisorMock struct {
-	LaunchMock           func() error
-	ShutdownMock         func() error
-	HealthyMock          func() bool
-	RunMock              func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, task func() error) error
-	ReqQueueSizeMock     func() int64
-	RestartsCountMock    func() int64
-	ActiveTasksCountMock func() int64
+	LaunchMock                  func() error
+	ShutdownMock                func() error
+	HealthyMock                 func() bool
+	RunMock                     func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, task func() error) error
+	ReqQueueSizeMock            func() int64
+	RestartsCountMock           func() int64
+	ActiveTasksCountMock        func() int64
+	ConversionsSinceRestartMock func() int64
 }

 func (s *ProcessSupervisorMock) Launch() error {
@@ -189,6 +200,10 @@ func (s *ProcessSupervisorMock) ActiveTasksCount() int64 {
 	return s.ActiveTasksCountMock()
 }

+func (s *ProcessSupervisorMock) ConversionsSinceRestart() int64 {
+	return s.ConversionsSinceRestartMock()
+}
+
 // MetricsProviderMock is a mock for the [MetricsProvider] interface.
 type MetricsProviderMock struct {
 	MetricsMock func() ([]Metric, error)
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/outbound.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/outbound.go
@@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
 package gotenberg

 import (
+	"bufio"
 	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"net"
@@ -12,6 +15,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/dlclark/regexp2"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http/httpproxy"
 )

 // ErrNonPublicIP indicates that an outbound URL targets an IP address that
@@ -45,11 +49,45 @@ var outboundDialer = &net.Dialer{
 	KeepAlive: 30 * time.Second,
 }

+// nonPublicIPv6Prefixes lists IPv6 ranges that the standard library does
+// not classify via [netip.Addr] helpers but that must not be considered
+// public:
+//
+//   - 2002::/16    6to4 (RFC 3056, deprecated by RFC 7526). Bits 16-47
+//     embed an IPv4 destination, including private ones.
+//   - 2001::/32    Teredo (RFC 4380). Bits 96-127 embed an IPv4
+//     destination, including private ones.
+//   - 64:ff9b::/96 NAT64 well-known prefix (RFC 6052). Low 32 bits
+//     embed an IPv4 destination translated by a NAT64 gateway.
+//   - 64:ff9b:1::/48 NAT64 local-use prefix (RFC 8215). Same risk.
+//   - fec0::/10    Deprecated site-local (RFC 3879). Not covered by
+//     [netip.Addr.IsPrivate] which only handles fc00::/7.
+//   - ::/96        IPv4-compatible IPv6 (deprecated). Embeds an IPv4
+//     destination and is not handled by [netip.Addr.Unmap].
+//   - 2001:db8::/32 Documentation range (RFC 3849). Never routable.
+//   - 100::/64     Discard prefix (RFC 6666).
+var nonPublicIPv6Prefixes = []netip.Prefix{
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("2002::/16"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("2001::/32"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("64:ff9b::/96"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("64:ff9b:1::/48"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("fec0::/10"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("::/96"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::/32"),
+	netip.MustParsePrefix("100::/64"),
+}
+
 // IsPublicIP reports whether addr is reachable on the public internet. It
 // returns false for loopback, private (RFC1918), link-local, unspecified,
 // multicast, and unique-local addresses. IPv4-mapped IPv6 addresses are
 // unmapped before evaluation so that [::ffff:127.0.0.1] is correctly
 // identified as loopback.
+//
+// IPv6 prefixes that tunnel or translate to an embedded IPv4 destination
+// (6to4, Teredo, NAT64) are rejected wholesale rather than recursed into,
+// because a host that routes them implicitly trusts the IPv4 mapping and
+// the prefixes themselves are deprecated or translation-only. See
+// [nonPublicIPv6Prefixes] for the full list and rationale.
 func IsPublicIP(addr netip.Addr) bool {
 	if !addr.IsValid() {
 		return false
@@ -65,6 +103,13 @@ func IsPublicIP(addr netip.Addr) bool {
 		addr.IsInterfaceLocalMulticast():
 		return false
 	}
+	if addr.Is6() {
+		for _, p := range nonPublicIPv6Prefixes {
+			if p.Contains(addr) {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	return true
 }

@@ -348,9 +393,37 @@ func (rt *outboundRoundTripper) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, er
 //
 // The default posture is permissive; callers pass [WithDenyPrivateIPs]
 // or [WithDenyPublicIPs] to opt into IP-class rejection.
-func NewOutboundHttpClient(timeout time.Duration, allowList, denyList []*regexp2.Regexp, opts ...DecideOption) *http.Client {
+//
+// When enableEnvironmentProxy is true, the client routes through the proxy
+// defined by the standard HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, and NO_PROXY variables,
+// including any credentials embedded in those URLs. In that mode the proxy
+// owns DNS and egress, so destination dial pinning does not apply; the URL
+// allow/deny and IP-class validation still runs. Callers gate this behind
+// their module's opt-in flag. See
+// https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1592.
+func NewOutboundHttpClient(timeout time.Duration, allowList, denyList []*regexp2.Regexp, enableEnvironmentProxy bool, opts ...DecideOption) *http.Client {
 	base := http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone()
-	base.DialContext = secureDialContext
+
+	if enableEnvironmentProxy {
+		// Route through the operator's proxy (standard env vars, credentials
+		// included). NO_PROXY hosts get a direct, unpinned dial.
+		// httpproxy.FromEnvironment reads the environment now rather than
+		// caching it process-wide like http.ProxyFromEnvironment.
+		proxyFunc := httpproxy.FromEnvironment().ProxyFunc()
+		base.Proxy = func(req *http.Request) (*url.URL, error) {
+			return proxyFunc(req.URL)
+		}
+		base.DialContext = outboundDialer.DialContext
+	} else {
+		// Default: ignore any proxy environment variables and pin the dial to
+		// the IPs resolved during validation, closing the DNS-rebinding
+		// window. Clearing Proxy is deliberate: the cloned default transport
+		// carries http.ProxyFromEnvironment, which combined with the pinned
+		// dialer would connect to the destination IP on the proxy's port.
+		base.Proxy = nil
+		base.DialContext = secureDialContext
+	}
+
 	return &http.Client{
 		Timeout: timeout,
 		Transport: &outboundRoundTripper{
@@ -411,3 +484,99 @@ func DialPinned(ctx context.Context, network string, addrs []netip.Addr, port st
 	}
 	return nil, lastErr
 }
+
+// DialThroughProxy opens a TCP tunnel to target (a host:port) through the
+// HTTP CONNECT proxy at proxyURL, authenticating with any credentials
+// embedded in proxyURL. dialProxy dials the proxy's own address; callers pass
+// a plain dialer. Chromium and soffice cannot authenticate to a proxy
+// themselves, so Gotenberg performs the CONNECT handshake on their behalf.
+// The returned connection carries the raw tunnel for the caller to splice
+// with the client. See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1592.
+func DialThroughProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyURL *url.URL, target string, dialProxy func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error)) (net.Conn, error) {
+	conn, err := dialProxy(ctx, "tcp", proxyHostPort(proxyURL))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dial proxy: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if proxyURL.Scheme == "https" {
+		tlsConn := tls.Client(conn, &tls.Config{ServerName: proxyURL.Hostname()})
+		err = tlsConn.HandshakeContext(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			_ = conn.Close()
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("TLS handshake with proxy: %w", err)
+		}
+		conn = tlsConn
+	}
+
+	// Bound the CONNECT handshake by the request deadline; cleared once the
+	// tunnel is established so splicing manages its own lifetime.
+	if deadline, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok {
+		_ = conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
+	}
+
+	connectReq := &http.Request{
+		Method: http.MethodConnect,
+		URL:    &url.URL{Opaque: target},
+		Host:   target,
+		Header: make(http.Header),
+	}
+	if user := proxyURL.User; user != nil {
+		password, _ := user.Password()
+		connectReq.Header.Set("Proxy-Authorization", proxyAuthHeader(user.Username(), password))
+	}
+
+	err = connectReq.Write(conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("write CONNECT to proxy: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	br := bufio.NewReader(conn)
+	resp, err := http.ReadResponse(br, connectReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("read CONNECT response from proxy: %w", err)
+	}
+	// A CONNECT response carries no body; discard defensively.
+	_ = resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		_ = conn.Close()
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("proxy refused CONNECT to %q with status %d", target, resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Time{})
+
+	// The reader may hold bytes the proxy sent right after the response;
+	// overlay it so those tunnel bytes are not lost when splicing.
+	return &bufferedConn{Conn: conn, r: br}, nil
+}
+
+// proxyHostPort returns proxyURL's host:port, defaulting the port from the
+// scheme when the URL omits it.
+func proxyHostPort(proxyURL *url.URL) string {
+	port := proxyURL.Port()
+	if port == "" {
+		port = "80"
+		if proxyURL.Scheme == "https" {
+			port = "443"
+		}
+	}
+	return net.JoinHostPort(proxyURL.Hostname(), port)
+}
+
+// proxyAuthHeader builds a Basic Proxy-Authorization header value.
+func proxyAuthHeader(username, password string) string {
+	return "Basic " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(username+":"+password))
+}
+
+// bufferedConn overlays a [bufio.Reader] on a [net.Conn] so that bytes
+// buffered while reading a proxy's CONNECT response are not lost when the
+// tunnel is spliced.
+type bufferedConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	r *bufio.Reader
+}
+
+func (c *bufferedConn) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	return c.r.Read(b)
+}
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/outbound_proxy_test.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/outbound_proxy_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+package gotenberg
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// connectCapture records the CONNECT request a proxy stub received.
+type connectCapture struct {
+	mu     sync.Mutex
+	method string
+	host   string
+	auth   string
+}
+
+func (c *connectCapture) set(method, host, auth string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	c.method, c.host, c.auth = method, host, auth
+}
+
+func (c *connectCapture) get() (string, string, string) {
+	c.mu.Lock()
+	defer c.mu.Unlock()
+	return c.method, c.host, c.auth
+}
+
+// startConnectProxyStub starts a raw TCP server that behaves like an HTTP
+// CONNECT proxy: it reads the CONNECT request, records it, replies 200 with a
+// greeting appended to the same write (to exercise buffered-byte handling),
+// then echoes tunnel bytes back to the caller.
+func startConnectProxyStub(t *testing.T, capture *connectCapture) string {
+	t.Helper()
+	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("listen: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = l.Close() })
+
+	go func() {
+		conn, err := l.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() { _ = conn.Close() }()
+
+		br := bufio.NewReader(conn)
+		req, err := http.ReadRequest(br)
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		capture.set(req.Method, req.Host, req.Header.Get("Proxy-Authorization"))
+
+		// The greeting rides along with the response so the client's CONNECT
+		// response parser buffers it; bufferedConn must not drop it.
+		_, _ = conn.Write([]byte("HTTP/1.1 200 Connection established\r\n\r\nTUNNEL-HELLO"))
+		_, _ = io.Copy(conn, br)
+	}()
+
+	return l.Addr().String()
+}
+
+func TestDialThroughProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	capture := &connectCapture{}
+	addr := startConnectProxyStub(t, capture)
+
+	proxyURL := &url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: addr, User: url.UserPassword("alice", "s3cr3t")}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	conn, err := DialThroughProxy(ctx, proxyURL, "example.com:443", func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+		var d net.Dialer
+		return d.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("DialThroughProxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = conn.Close() }()
+
+	// The greeting buffered while reading the CONNECT response must survive.
+	greeting := make([]byte, len("TUNNEL-HELLO"))
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(conn, greeting)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read greeting: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(greeting) != "TUNNEL-HELLO" {
+		t.Fatalf("greeting = %q, want TUNNEL-HELLO", greeting)
+	}
+
+	// The tunnel must round-trip bytes.
+	_, err = conn.Write([]byte("ping"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write to tunnel: %v", err)
+	}
+	echo := make([]byte, 4)
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(conn, echo)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read echo: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(echo) != "ping" {
+		t.Fatalf("echo = %q, want ping", echo)
+	}
+
+	method, host, auth := capture.get()
+	if method != http.MethodConnect {
+		t.Fatalf("proxy saw method %q, want CONNECT", method)
+	}
+	if host != "example.com:443" {
+		t.Fatalf("proxy saw target %q, want example.com:443", host)
+	}
+	wantAuth := "Basic " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("alice:s3cr3t"))
+	if auth != wantAuth {
+		t.Fatalf("proxy saw Proxy-Authorization %q, want %q", auth, wantAuth)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDialThroughProxy_RefusedStatus(t *testing.T) {
+	l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("listen: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = l.Close() })
+
+	go func() {
+		conn, err := l.Accept()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		defer func() { _ = conn.Close() }()
+		br := bufio.NewReader(conn)
+		_, _ = http.ReadRequest(br)
+		_, _ = conn.Write([]byte("HTTP/1.1 407 Proxy Authentication Required\r\n\r\n"))
+	}()
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, err = DialThroughProxy(ctx, &url.URL{Scheme: "http", Host: l.Addr().String()}, "example.com:443", func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+		var d net.Dialer
+		return d.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
+	})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected an error when the proxy refuses CONNECT, got nil")
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/outbound_test.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/outbound_test.go
@@ -51,6 +51,38 @@ func TestIsPublicIP(t *testing.T) {
 		// Multicast.
 		{"224.0.0.1", false},
 		{"ff02::1", false},
+
+		// 6to4 wrapping internal/private IPv4 (RFC 3056, deprecated by
+		// RFC 7526). a9fe:a9fe = 169.254.169.254 (cloud metadata).
+		{"2002:a9fe:a9fe::", false},
+		{"2002:0a00:0001::", false},
+		{"2002:c0a8:0101::", false},
+
+		// 6to4 wrapping a public IPv4 (8.8.8.8) is rejected wholesale.
+		{"2002:0808:0808::", false},
+
+		// NAT64 well-known prefix (RFC 6052).
+		{"64:ff9b::a9fe:a9fe", false},
+		{"64:ff9b::0808:0808", false},
+
+		// NAT64 local-use prefix (RFC 8215).
+		{"64:ff9b:1::a9fe:a9fe", false},
+
+		// Teredo (RFC 4380).
+		{"2001:0:abcd:ef12:3456:7890:a9fe:a9fe", false},
+
+		// Deprecated site-local (RFC 3879).
+		{"fec0::1", false},
+		{"feff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff", false},
+
+		// IPv4-compatible IPv6 (deprecated, not handled by Unmap).
+		{"::a9fe:a9fe", false},
+
+		// Documentation prefix (RFC 3849).
+		{"2001:db8::1", false},
+
+		// Discard prefix (RFC 6666).
+		{"100::1", false},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.addr, func(t *testing.T) {
 			addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(tc.addr)
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/pdfengine.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/pdfengine.go
@@ -35,6 +35,10 @@ var (
 	// ErrPdfRotateAngleNotSupported is returned when the rotation angle is
 	// not supported.
 	ErrPdfRotateAngleNotSupported = errors.New("rotation angle not supported")
+
+	// ErrPdfFacturXValueNotSupported is returned when a Factur-X field value
+	// (e.g., an unknown conformance level or document type) is not supported.
+	ErrPdfFacturXValueNotSupported = errors.New("Factur-X value not supported")
 )

 // PdfEngineInvalidArgsError represents an error returned by a PDF engine when
@@ -143,6 +147,56 @@ type PdfFormats struct {
 	PdfUa bool
 }

+// PdfPermissions gathers the document permissions enforced when a PDF is
+// encrypted. Each field defaults to true (the action is allowed); set a field
+// to false to restrict it. Restrictions are advisory: viewers honor them, but
+// they are not cryptographically enforced once the document opens.
+type PdfPermissions struct {
+	// AllowPrinting permits printing the document.
+	AllowPrinting bool
+
+	// AllowCopying permits extracting text and graphics.
+	AllowCopying bool
+
+	// AllowModifying permits changing the document content.
+	AllowModifying bool
+
+	// AllowAnnotating permits adding or modifying annotations.
+	AllowAnnotating bool
+
+	// AllowFillingForms permits filling in form fields.
+	AllowFillingForms bool
+
+	// AllowAssembling permits inserting, deleting, and rotating pages.
+	AllowAssembling bool
+}
+
+// Restricted reports whether at least one permission is denied.
+func (p PdfPermissions) Restricted() bool {
+	return !p.AllowPrinting ||
+		!p.AllowCopying ||
+		!p.AllowModifying ||
+		!p.AllowAnnotating ||
+		!p.AllowFillingForms ||
+		!p.AllowAssembling
+}
+
+// EncryptOptions gathers the parameters for encrypting a PDF. An empty
+// UserPassword with a set OwnerPassword produces an owner-only document: it
+// opens without a password but enforces the [PdfPermissions].
+type EncryptOptions struct {
+	// UserPassword is required to open the document. Empty means no open
+	// password.
+	UserPassword string
+
+	// OwnerPassword grants full access (lifts the permission restrictions).
+	// When empty, it defaults to UserPassword.
+	OwnerPassword string
+
+	// Permissions are the actions allowed when opened with the user password.
+	Permissions PdfPermissions
+}
+
 // Bookmark represents a node in the PDF document's outline
 // (table of contents).
 type Bookmark struct {
@@ -151,6 +205,59 @@ type Bookmark struct {
 	Children []Bookmark `json:"children,omitempty"`
 }

+const (
+	// FacturXConformanceMinimum represents the MINIMUM Factur-X conformance level.
+	FacturXConformanceMinimum string = "MINIMUM"
+
+	// FacturXConformanceBasicWL represents the BASIC WL Factur-X conformance level.
+	FacturXConformanceBasicWL string = "BASIC WL"
+
+	// FacturXConformanceBasic represents the BASIC Factur-X conformance level.
+	FacturXConformanceBasic string = "BASIC"
+
+	// FacturXConformanceEN16931 represents the EN 16931 Factur-X conformance level.
+	FacturXConformanceEN16931 string = "EN 16931"
+
+	// FacturXConformanceExtended represents the EXTENDED Factur-X conformance level.
+	FacturXConformanceExtended string = "EXTENDED"
+
+	// FacturXConformanceXRechnung represents the XRECHNUNG Factur-X conformance level.
+	FacturXConformanceXRechnung string = "XRECHNUNG"
+
+	// FacturXDocumentTypeInvoice represents the INVOICE Factur-X document type.
+	FacturXDocumentTypeInvoice string = "INVOICE"
+
+	// FacturXDocumentTypeOrder represents the ORDER Factur-X document type.
+	FacturXDocumentTypeOrder string = "ORDER"
+
+	// FacturXDocumentTypeOrderResponse represents the ORDER_RESPONSE Factur-X document type.
+	FacturXDocumentTypeOrderResponse string = "ORDER_RESPONSE"
+
+	// FacturXDocumentTypeOrderChange represents the ORDER_CHANGE Factur-X document type.
+	FacturXDocumentTypeOrderChange string = "ORDER_CHANGE"
+
+	// FacturXDocumentFileName is the canonical name of the embedded XML invoice
+	// mandated by the Factur-X standard. Validators expect this exact name.
+	FacturXDocumentFileName string = "factur-x.xml"
+)
+
+// FacturX gathers the properties required by the Factur-X/ZUGFeRD standard for
+// the document-level XMP metadata packet of a PDF/A-3.
+type FacturX struct {
+	// ConformanceLevel is one of the FacturXConformance* values.
+	ConformanceLevel string
+
+	// DocumentType is one of the FacturXDocumentType* values.
+	DocumentType string
+
+	// DocumentFileName is the name of the embedded XML invoice. It is set
+	// internally to the canonical [FacturXDocumentFileName], not by the caller.
+	DocumentFileName string
+
+	// Version is the Factur-X version (e.g., "1.0").
+	Version string
+}
+
 // PdfEngine provides an interface for operations on PDFs. Implementations
 // can use various tools like PDFtk, or implement functionality directly in
 // Go.
@@ -190,11 +297,11 @@ type PdfEngine interface {
 	// The bookmarks parameter represents the hierarchical tree of the outline.
 	WriteBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, bookmarks []Bookmark) error

-	// Encrypt adds password protection to a PDF file.
-	// The userPassword is required to open the document.
-	// The ownerPassword provides full access to the document.
-	// If the ownerPassword is empty, it defaults to the userPassword.
-	Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath, userPassword, ownerPassword string) error
+	// Encrypt adds password protection and permission restrictions to a PDF
+	// file, as described by [EncryptOptions]. An empty user password with a set
+	// owner password yields an owner-only document (opens without a password,
+	// permissions enforced).
+	Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, opts EncryptOptions) error

 	// EmbedFiles embeds files into a PDF. All files are embedded as file attachments
 	// without modifying the main PDF content.
@@ -216,6 +323,18 @@ type PdfEngine interface {
 	// Rotate rotates pages of a PDF file by the given angle (90, 180, 270).
 	// If pages is empty, all pages are rotated.
 	Rotate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, angle int, pages string) error
+
+	// InjectFacturXXMP injects Factur-X/ZUGFeRD XMP metadata into the
+	// document-level XMP packet (Catalog /Metadata stream) of a PDF/A-3. It
+	// registers the fx namespace, the four fx properties, and the matching
+	// PDF/A extension schema so the result stays PDF/A-valid.
+	InjectFacturXXMP(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, facturX FacturX, inputPath string) error
+
+	// ReadPdfAConformance reads the PDF/A part and conformance (e.g., "3" and
+	// "B") from the document-level XMP packet (Catalog /Metadata stream,
+	// pdfaid:part and pdfaid:conformance). It returns empty strings when the
+	// document carries no PDF/A identification.
+	ReadPdfAConformance(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (part string, conformance string, err error)
 }

 // PdfEngineProvider offers an interface to instantiate a [PdfEngine].
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/supervisor.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/supervisor.go
@@ -8,6 +8,10 @@ import (
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
 )

 // ErrProcessAlreadyRestarting happens if the [ProcessSupervisor] is trying
@@ -76,10 +80,32 @@ type ProcessSupervisor interface {

 	// ActiveTasksCount returns the current number of active tasks.
 	ActiveTasksCount() int64
+
+	// ConversionsSinceRestart returns the number of tasks handled since the
+	// last process (re)start.
+	ConversionsSinceRestart() int64
 }

+// healthCheckCacheTTL caches successful health probe results so kubelet-
+// style probes (liveness + readiness, every few seconds each) do not
+// hammer the underlying process with CDP roundtrips on every call.
+// Tuned to bridge typical probe periods while still catching outages
+// quickly: a real outage surfaces on the next probe after the TTL
+// elapses.
+const healthCheckCacheTTL = 2 * time.Second
+
+// healthFailureThreshold is the number of consecutive Healthy() failures
+// the supervisor tolerates before reporting unhealthy. Absorbs single-
+// probe blips of transient CDP latency (for example a slow
+// Browser.getVersion roundtrip when several conversion slots are
+// simultaneously stuck), without delaying detection of a real outage.
+// The container orchestrator's own failureThreshold stacks on top of
+// this. See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1561.
+const healthFailureThreshold = 2
+
 type processSupervisor struct {
 	logger         *slog.Logger
+	engine         string
 	process        Process
 	maxReqLimit    int64
 	maxQueueSize   int64
@@ -100,19 +126,32 @@ type processSupervisor struct {
 	activeTasks         atomic.Int64
 	restartMutex        sync.Mutex
 	idleShutdownTimeout time.Duration
-	lastActivity        atomic.Int64  // unix nano timestamp of last completed task
-	idleMu              sync.Mutex    // protects idleStopChan
-	idleStopChan        chan struct{} // signal to stop the idle ticker goroutine
+	lastActivity        atomic.Int64 // unix nano timestamp of last completed task
+	// healthMu serializes Healthy() probes so concurrent callers do not
+	// all issue a CDP roundtrip; the second caller hits the refreshed
+	// cache instead.
+	healthMu                  sync.Mutex
+	lastHealthyAt             atomic.Int64  // unix nano of last successful probe; 0 means never
+	consecutiveHealthFailures atomic.Int64  // reset to 0 on every successful probe
+	idleMu                    sync.Mutex    // protects idleStopChan
+	idleStopChan              chan struct{} // signal to stop the idle ticker goroutine
 }

-// NewProcessSupervisor initializes a new [ProcessSupervisor].
-func NewProcessSupervisor(logger *slog.Logger, process Process, maxReqLimit, maxQueueSize, maxConcurrency int64, idleShutdownTimeout time.Duration) ProcessSupervisor {
+// NewProcessSupervisor initializes a new [ProcessSupervisor]. engine names the
+// managed process (for example "chromium" or "libreoffice") and prefixes the
+// telemetry sub-spans; an empty engine falls back to "process".
+func NewProcessSupervisor(logger *slog.Logger, engine string, process Process, maxReqLimit, maxQueueSize, maxConcurrency int64, idleShutdownTimeout time.Duration) ProcessSupervisor {
 	if maxConcurrency < 1 {
 		maxConcurrency = 1
 	}

+	if engine == "" {
+		engine = "process"
+	}
+
 	b := &processSupervisor{
 		logger:              logger,
+		engine:              engine,
 		process:             process,
 		semaphore:           make(chan struct{}, maxConcurrency),
 		maxReqLimit:         maxReqLimit,
@@ -195,15 +234,69 @@ func (s *processSupervisor) Healthy() bool {
 	}

 	if s.isRestarting.Load() {
-		// A restarting process is not yet healthy — this gives load balancers
+		// A restarting process is not yet healthy. This gives load balancers
 		// honest information so they can avoid routing traffic to this node.
 		return false
 	}

-	return s.process.Healthy(s.logger)
+	// Cache hit: a recent probe succeeded. Skip the CDP roundtrip so probe
+	// spam does not pile commands onto a busy websocket.
+	if s.recentlyHealthy() {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Serialize probes so concurrent callers do not all roundtrip. The
+	// second caller will see the refreshed cache (or counter) and return
+	// without re-probing.
+	s.healthMu.Lock()
+	defer s.healthMu.Unlock()
+
+	if s.recentlyHealthy() {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if s.process.Healthy(s.logger) {
+		s.lastHealthyAt.Store(time.Now().UnixNano())
+		s.consecutiveHealthFailures.Store(0)
+		return true
+	}
+
+	if s.consecutiveHealthFailures.Add(1) < healthFailureThreshold {
+		// First failure: tolerate it. Under load, a single blown CDP
+		// timeout is more likely transient pressure than a dead process.
+		// A genuinely dead process will fail the next probe as well and
+		// flip us unhealthy then.
+		return true
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// recentlyHealthy reports whether a successful probe landed within
+// [healthCheckCacheTTL]. Negative results are never cached so recovery
+// from a real outage is observable on the very next probe.
+func (s *processSupervisor) recentlyHealthy() bool {
+	last := s.lastHealthyAt.Load()
+	if last == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return time.Since(time.Unix(0, last)) < healthCheckCacheTTL
 }

 func (s *processSupervisor) Run(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, task func() error) error {
+	// Time spent before the task body runs: queueing, slot acquisition, lazy
+	// launch, and health checks. Ended once, when the task is about to execute.
+	_, queueSpan := Tracer().Start(ctx, s.engine+".queue.wait",
+		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal),
+	)
+	queueWaitDone := false
+	endQueueWait := func() {
+		if !queueWaitDone {
+			queueWaitDone = true
+			queueSpan.End()
+		}
+	}
+	defer endQueueWait()
+
 	// Atomically check and increment the queue size to avoid the TOCTOU race
 	// originally reported in https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/951.
 	for {
@@ -252,6 +345,7 @@ func (s *processSupervisor) Run(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, task f
 				return err
 			}

+			endQueueWait()
 			err := s.runWithDeadline(ctx, task)

 			if s.maybeRestartAfterTask(logger) {
@@ -390,8 +484,8 @@ func (s *processSupervisor) ensureStarted(ctx context.Context) error {
 		return nil
 	}

-	err := s.runWithDeadline(ctx, func() error {
-		return s.Launch()
+	err := s.tracedLaunch(ctx, "first_start", func() error {
+		return s.runWithDeadline(ctx, s.Launch)
 	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("process first start: %w", err)
@@ -400,6 +494,27 @@ func (s *processSupervisor) ensureStarted(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return nil
 }

+// tracedLaunch wraps a process (re)start in an <engine>.process.start span,
+// tagged with the reason that triggered it. The eager restart after the maximum
+// request limit runs on a background context, so its span is a detached root.
+func (s *processSupervisor) tracedLaunch(ctx context.Context, reason string, launch func() error) error {
+	_, span := Tracer().Start(ctx, s.engine+".process.start",
+		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal),
+		trace.WithAttributes(attribute.String("gotenberg.process.start.reason", reason)),
+	)
+	defer span.End()
+
+	err := launch()
+	if err != nil {
+		span.RecordError(err)
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		return err
+	}
+
+	span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
+	return nil
+}
+
 // ensureHealthy checks the underlying process health and triggers a
 // synchronous restart if the process is unhealthy. Skips the check if a
 // restart is already in progress.
@@ -410,7 +525,7 @@ func (s *processSupervisor) ensureHealthy(ctx context.Context) error {

 	s.logger.DebugContext(context.Background(), "process is unhealthy, cannot handle task, restarting...")

-	if err := s.doRestart(ctx); err != nil {
+	if err := s.doRestart(ctx, "unhealthy"); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("process restart before task: %w", err)
 	}

@@ -433,7 +548,7 @@ func (s *processSupervisor) maybeRestartAfterTask(logger *slog.Logger) bool {
 	s.logger.DebugContext(context.Background(), "max request limit reached, restarting eagerly...")

 	go func() {
-		restartErr := s.doRestartLocked(context.Background())
+		restartErr := s.doRestartLocked(context.Background(), "max_requests")
 		s.restartMutex.Unlock()
 		if restartErr != nil {
 			s.logger.ErrorContext(context.Background(), fmt.Sprintf("process restart after task: %v", restartErr))
@@ -447,15 +562,15 @@ func (s *processSupervisor) maybeRestartAfterTask(logger *slog.Logger) bool {

 // doRestart coordinates a process restart, draining all active concurrent
 // tasks before stopping and restarting the process.
-func (s *processSupervisor) doRestart(ctx context.Context) error {
+func (s *processSupervisor) doRestart(ctx context.Context, reason string) error {
 	s.restartMutex.Lock()
 	defer s.restartMutex.Unlock()

-	return s.doRestartLocked(ctx)
+	return s.doRestartLocked(ctx, reason)
 }

 // doRestartLocked performs the restart drain logic. The caller must hold restartMutex.
-func (s *processSupervisor) doRestartLocked(ctx context.Context) error {
+func (s *processSupervisor) doRestartLocked(ctx context.Context, reason string) error {
 	s.isRestarting.Store(true)
 	defer s.isRestarting.Store(false)

@@ -475,8 +590,8 @@ func (s *processSupervisor) doRestartLocked(ctx context.Context) error {
 		}
 	}

-	err := s.runWithDeadline(ctx, func() error {
-		return s.restart()
+	err := s.tracedLaunch(ctx, reason, func() error {
+		return s.runWithDeadline(ctx, s.restart)
 	})

 	for range acquired {
@@ -514,6 +629,13 @@ func (s *processSupervisor) ActiveTasksCount() int64 {
 	return s.activeTasks.Load()
 }

+// ConversionsSinceRestart returns the number of tasks handled since the last
+// process (re)start. reqCounter is reset to zero on every restart and idle
+// shutdown.
+func (s *processSupervisor) ConversionsSinceRestart() int64 {
+	return s.reqCounter.Load()
+}
+
 // Interface guards.
 var (
 	_ ProcessSupervisor = (*processSupervisor)(nil)
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/supervisor_test.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/supervisor_test.go
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_Launch(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			}

-			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 5, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 5, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
 			if tc.firstStartSet {
 				ps.firstStart.Store(true)
 			}
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_Shutdown(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			}

-			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 5, 0, 1, 0)
+			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 5, 0, 1, 0)
 			err := ps.Shutdown()

 			if !tc.expectError && err != nil {
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_restart(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			}

-			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 5, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 5, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)

 			err := ps.restart()

@@ -186,10 +186,10 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_Healthy(t *testing.T) {
 			expectHealthy:    true,
 		},
 		{
-			scenario:         "process reports as unhealthy",
+			scenario:         "single probe failure is tolerated",
 			initiallyStarted: true,
 			processHealthy:   false,
-			expectHealthy:    false,
+			expectHealthy:    true,
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_Healthy(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			}

-			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 5, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 5, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
 			if tc.initiallyStarted {
 				ps.firstStart.Store(true)
 			}
@@ -218,6 +218,109 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_Healthy(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+// TestProcessSupervisor_Healthy_ConsecutiveFailures verifies that only
+// the second consecutive process-level failure flips the supervisor to
+// unhealthy, and that a single success in between resets the counter.
+func TestProcessSupervisor_Healthy_ConsecutiveFailures(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler)
+
+	var processHealthy atomic.Bool
+	process := &ProcessMock{
+		HealthyMock: func(_ *slog.Logger) bool { return processHealthy.Load() },
+	}
+
+	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 5, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+	ps.firstStart.Store(true)
+
+	processHealthy.Store(false)
+	if !ps.Healthy() {
+		t.Fatal("first failure should be tolerated and report healthy")
+	}
+	if ps.Healthy() {
+		t.Fatal("second consecutive failure should report unhealthy")
+	}
+
+	processHealthy.Store(true)
+	if !ps.Healthy() {
+		t.Fatal("recovery should report healthy immediately")
+	}
+
+	processHealthy.Store(false)
+	// Cache hit from the previous success absorbs the first new failure;
+	// invalidate it so we exercise the counter again.
+	ps.lastHealthyAt.Store(0)
+	if !ps.Healthy() {
+		t.Fatal("post-recovery first failure should be tolerated again")
+	}
+	if ps.Healthy() {
+		t.Fatal("post-recovery second consecutive failure should report unhealthy")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestProcessSupervisor_Healthy_CachesPositiveResult verifies that a
+// successful probe is cached for [healthCheckCacheTTL] so subsequent
+// supervisor.Healthy() calls do not re-issue the underlying process
+// check.
+func TestProcessSupervisor_Healthy_CachesPositiveResult(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler)
+
+	var calls atomic.Int64
+	process := &ProcessMock{
+		HealthyMock: func(_ *slog.Logger) bool {
+			calls.Add(1)
+			return true
+		},
+	}
+
+	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 5, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+	ps.firstStart.Store(true)
+
+	for range 5 {
+		if !ps.Healthy() {
+			t.Fatal("expected healthy")
+		}
+	}
+
+	if got := calls.Load(); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("process.Healthy called %d times, want exactly 1 (cache should absorb the other 4)", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// TestProcessSupervisor_Healthy_DoesNotCacheNegativeResult verifies that
+// a probe failure is not cached: the next Healthy() call must re-issue
+// the underlying process check so a recovered process surfaces on the
+// very next probe.
+func TestProcessSupervisor_Healthy_DoesNotCacheNegativeResult(t *testing.T) {
+	logger := slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler)
+
+	var calls atomic.Int64
+	var processHealthy atomic.Bool
+	process := &ProcessMock{
+		HealthyMock: func(_ *slog.Logger) bool {
+			calls.Add(1)
+			return processHealthy.Load()
+		},
+	}
+
+	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 5, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+	ps.firstStart.Store(true)
+
+	processHealthy.Store(false)
+	_ = ps.Healthy()
+	_ = ps.Healthy()
+	if got := calls.Load(); got != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("after two failing probes, process.Healthy called %d times, want 2 (negative results must not be cached)", got)
+	}
+
+	processHealthy.Store(true)
+	if !ps.Healthy() {
+		t.Fatal("expected healthy on recovery")
+	}
+	if got := calls.Load(); got != 3 {
+		t.Fatalf("after recovery, process.Healthy called %d times, want 3", got)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestProcessSupervisor_Run(t *testing.T) {
 	for _, tc := range []struct {
 		scenario             string
@@ -386,7 +489,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_Run(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			}

-			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, tc.maxReqLimit, tc.maxQueueSize, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, tc.maxReqLimit, tc.maxQueueSize, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
 			if tc.initiallyStarted {
 				ps.firstStart.Store(true)
 			}
@@ -470,7 +573,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_runWithDeadline(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	} {
 		t.Run(tc.scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
-			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), new(ProcessMock), 0, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), "test", new(ProcessMock), 0, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)

 			ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 1*time.Second)
 			if tc.ctxDone {
@@ -504,7 +607,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_ReqQueueSize(t *testing.T) {
 			return true
 		},
 	}
-	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 0, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 0, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)

 	// Simulating a lock.
 	ps.semaphore <- struct{}{}
@@ -565,7 +668,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_QueueSizeCAS(t *testing.T) {

 	maxQueueSize := int64(50)
 	// maxConcurrency=1 so all goroutines block on the semaphore, exercising queue logic.
-	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 0, maxQueueSize, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 0, maxQueueSize, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)

 	// Simulating a lock so that all goroutines queue up.
 	ps.semaphore <- struct{}{}
@@ -619,7 +722,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_QueueSizeIncludesActiveTasks(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	// maxQueueSize=1, maxConcurrency=1: only one request at a time.
-	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 0, 1, 1, 0)
+	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 0, 1, 1, 0)

 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
@@ -708,7 +811,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_RestartsCount(t *testing.T) {
 				},
 			}

-			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 0, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+			ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 0, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
 			ps.restartsCounter.Store(tc.initialRestartsCount)

 			for i := 0; i < tc.restartAttempts; i++ {
@@ -741,7 +844,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_ConcurrentRun(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	maxConcurrency := int64(3)
-	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 0, 0, maxConcurrency, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 0, 0, maxConcurrency, 0).(*processSupervisor)

 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
@@ -803,7 +906,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_RestartDrainsAllSlots(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	maxConcurrency := int64(3)
-	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 3, 0, maxConcurrency, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 3, 0, maxConcurrency, 0).(*processSupervisor)
 	ps.firstStart.Store(true)

 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)
@@ -860,7 +963,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_IdleShutdown(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	idleTimeout := 50 * time.Millisecond
-	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 0, 0, 1, idleTimeout).(*processSupervisor)
+	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 0, 0, 1, idleTimeout).(*processSupervisor)

 	ctx := context.Background()
 	err := ps.Run(ctx, logger, func() error {
@@ -920,7 +1023,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_RetryAfterFailedFirstStart(t *testing.T) {
 		},
 	}

-	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 0, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 0, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)

 	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
 	defer cancel()
@@ -966,7 +1069,7 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_IdleShutdownSkippedWhenActive(t *testing.T) {
 	}

 	idleTimeout := 50 * time.Millisecond
-	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, process, 0, 0, 1, idleTimeout)
+	ps := NewProcessSupervisor(logger, "test", process, 0, 0, 1, idleTimeout)

 	ctx := context.Background()
 	go func() {
@@ -988,3 +1091,70 @@ func TestProcessSupervisor_IdleShutdownSkippedWhenActive(t *testing.T) {

 	close(taskDone)
 }
+
+func TestProcessSupervisor_ConversionsSinceRestart(t *testing.T) {
+	process := &ProcessMock{
+		StartMock:   func(*slog.Logger) error { return nil },
+		StopMock:    func(*slog.Logger) error { return nil },
+		HealthyMock: func(*slog.Logger) bool { return true },
+	}
+	s := NewProcessSupervisor(slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), "test", process, 0, 0, 1, 0).(*processSupervisor)
+
+	if got := s.ConversionsSinceRestart(); got != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 0 conversions initially, got %d", got)
+	}
+
+	s.reqCounter.Store(7)
+	if got := s.ConversionsSinceRestart(); got != 7 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 7 conversions, got %d", got)
+	}
+
+	if err := s.restart(); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("restart: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := s.ConversionsSinceRestart(); got != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 0 conversions after restart, got %d", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestProcessSupervisor_RunEmitsSubSpans(t *testing.T) {
+	recorder := newTestSpanRecorder(t)
+
+	process := &ProcessMock{
+		StartMock:   func(*slog.Logger) error { return nil },
+		StopMock:    func(*slog.Logger) error { return nil },
+		HealthyMock: func(*slog.Logger) bool { return true },
+	}
+	s := NewProcessSupervisor(slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), "chromium", process, 0, 0, 1, 0)
+
+	err := s.Run(context.Background(), slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), func() error { return nil })
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("run: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var queueWaits, processStarts int
+	var startReason string
+	for _, span := range recorder.Ended() {
+		switch span.Name() {
+		case "chromium.queue.wait":
+			queueWaits++
+		case "chromium.process.start":
+			processStarts++
+			for _, kv := range span.Attributes() {
+				if string(kv.Key) == "gotenberg.process.start.reason" {
+					startReason = kv.Value.AsString()
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if queueWaits != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 chromium.queue.wait span, got %d", queueWaits)
+	}
+	if processStarts != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 chromium.process.start span (first start), got %d", processStarts)
+	}
+	if startReason != "first_start" {
+		t.Errorf("expected process start reason first_start, got %q", startReason)
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/gotenberg/telemetry.go
+++ b/pkg/gotenberg/telemetry.go
@@ -29,6 +29,11 @@ const (
 	DebugLoggingLevel = "debug"
 )

+const (
+	LowerLevelCase = "lower"
+	UpperLevelCase = "upper"
+)
+
 // TelemetryConfig gathers the configuration data for Gotenberg's telemetry.
 type TelemetryConfig struct {
 	ServiceName    string
@@ -38,6 +43,7 @@ type TelemetryConfig struct {
 	LogFieldsPrefix       string
 	LogStdFormat          string
 	LogStdEnableGcpFields bool
+	LogStdLevelCase       string
 }

 func (cfg TelemetryConfig) slogLevel() slog.Level {
@@ -85,6 +91,16 @@ func (cfg TelemetryConfig) Validate() error {
 		)
 	}

+	switch cfg.LogStdLevelCase {
+	case LowerLevelCase, UpperLevelCase:
+		break
+	default:
+		err = errors.Join(
+			err,
+			fmt.Errorf("standard log level case must be either %s or %s", LowerLevelCase, UpperLevelCase),
+		)
+	}
+
 	return err
 }

@@ -92,7 +108,7 @@ func (cfg TelemetryConfig) Validate() error {
 func StartTelemetry(cfg TelemetryConfig) (shutdown func(context.Context) error, err error) {
 	var handlers []slog.Handler

-	stdHandler, err := log.NewStdHandler(cfg.slogLevel(), cfg.LogStdFormat, cfg.LogFieldsPrefix, cfg.LogStdEnableGcpFields)
+	stdHandler, err := log.NewStdHandler(cfg.slogLevel(), cfg.LogStdFormat, cfg.LogFieldsPrefix, cfg.LogStdEnableGcpFields, cfg.LogStdLevelCase)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("get standard logger handler: %w", err)
 	}
--- a/pkg/modules/api/api.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/api/api.go
@@ -57,12 +57,13 @@ type Api struct {
 }

 type downloadFromConfig struct {
-	allowList      []*regexp2.Regexp
-	denyList       []*regexp2.Regexp
-	denyPrivateIPs bool
-	denyPublicIPs  bool
-	maxRetry       int
-	disable        bool
+	allowList              []*regexp2.Regexp
+	denyList               []*regexp2.Regexp
+	denyPrivateIPs         bool
+	denyPublicIPs          bool
+	enableEnvironmentProxy bool
+	maxRetry               int
+	disable                bool
 }

 // Router is a module interface that adds routes to the [Api].
@@ -201,6 +202,7 @@ func (a *Api) Descriptor() gotenberg.ModuleDescriptor {
 			fs.StringSlice("api-download-from-deny-list", []string{}, "Set the denied URLs for the download from feature using regular expressions - supports multiple values")
 			fs.Bool("api-download-from-deny-private-ips", false, "Reject downloadFrom URLs whose host resolves to a non-public IP address (loopback, RFC1918, link-local, unique-local). Enable on deployments that accept untrusted downloadFrom sources to mitigate SSRF against internal services")
 			fs.Bool("api-download-from-deny-public-ips", false, "Reject downloadFrom URLs whose host resolves to a public IP address. Enable on air-gapped or data-governed deployments to prevent downloads from reaching the public internet")
+			fs.Bool("api-download-from-enable-environment-proxy", false, "Route downloadFrom fetches through the proxy defined by the standard HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, and NO_PROXY variables, including credentials")
 			fs.Int("api-download-from-max-retry", 4, "Set the maximum number of retries for the download from feature")
 			fs.Bool("api-disable-download-from", false, "Disable the download from feature")
 			fs.Bool("api-disable-health-check-route-telemetry", true, "Disable telemetry for health check route")
@@ -239,12 +241,13 @@ func (a *Api) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {
 	a.rootPath = flags.MustString("api-root-path")
 	a.correlationIdHeader = flags.MustDeprecatedString("api-trace-header", "api-correlation-id-header")
 	a.downloadFromCfg = downloadFromConfig{
-		allowList:      flags.MustRegexpSlice("api-download-from-allow-list"),
-		denyList:       flags.MustRegexpSlice("api-download-from-deny-list"),
-		denyPrivateIPs: flags.MustBool("api-download-from-deny-private-ips"),
-		denyPublicIPs:  flags.MustBool("api-download-from-deny-public-ips"),
-		maxRetry:       flags.MustInt("api-download-from-max-retry"),
-		disable:        flags.MustBool("api-disable-download-from"),
+		allowList:              flags.MustRegexpSlice("api-download-from-allow-list"),
+		denyList:               flags.MustRegexpSlice("api-download-from-deny-list"),
+		denyPrivateIPs:         flags.MustBool("api-download-from-deny-private-ips"),
+		denyPublicIPs:          flags.MustBool("api-download-from-deny-public-ips"),
+		enableEnvironmentProxy: flags.MustBool("api-download-from-enable-environment-proxy"),
+		maxRetry:               flags.MustInt("api-download-from-max-retry"),
+		disable:                flags.MustBool("api-disable-download-from"),
 	}
 	a.disableHealthCheckRouteTelemetry = flags.MustDeprecatedBool("api-disable-health-check-logging", "api-disable-health-check-route-telemetry")
 	a.disableRootRouteTelemetry = flags.MustBool("api-disable-root-route-telemetry")
--- a/pkg/modules/api/context.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/api/context.go
@@ -111,7 +111,7 @@ func newContext(echoCtx echo.Context, logger *slog.Logger, fs *gotenberg.FileSys
 		if bodyLimit != 0 && newTotal > bodyLimit {
 			return WrapError(
 				fmt.Errorf("body limit reached (> %d)", bodyLimit),
-				NewSentinelHttpError(http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge, http.StatusText(http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge)),
+				NewSentinelHttpError(http.StatusRequestEntityTooLarge, "The request body exceeds the configured size limit. Increase it with --api-body-limit, or send a smaller request."),
 			)
 		}
 		return nil
@@ -216,6 +216,15 @@ func newContext(echoCtx echo.Context, logger *slog.Logger, fs *gotenberg.FileSys
 			)
 		}

+		// Each goroutine writes to its own results slot. The main
+		// goroutine merges into ctx.files, ctx.diskToOriginal, and
+		// ctx.filesByField after eg.Wait() to avoid concurrent map
+		// writes.
+		type downloadFromResult struct {
+			filename, path, formField string
+		}
+		results := make([]downloadFromResult, len(dls))
+
 		eg, _ := errgroup.WithContext(ctx)
 		for i, dl := range dls {
 			eg.Go(func() error {
@@ -272,7 +281,7 @@ func newContext(echoCtx echo.Context, logger *slog.Logger, fs *gotenberg.FileSys
 				}

 				client := &retryablehttp.Client{
-					HTTPClient:   gotenberg.NewOutboundHttpClient(time.Until(deadline), downloadFromCfg.allowList, downloadFromCfg.denyList, ipOpts...),
+					HTTPClient:   gotenberg.NewOutboundHttpClient(time.Until(deadline), downloadFromCfg.allowList, downloadFromCfg.denyList, downloadFromCfg.enableEnvironmentProxy, ipOpts...),
 					RetryMax:     downloadFromCfg.maxRetry,
 					RetryWaitMin: time.Duration(1) * time.Second,
 					RetryWaitMax: time.Until(deadline),
@@ -348,10 +357,13 @@ func newContext(echoCtx echo.Context, logger *slog.Logger, fs *gotenberg.FileSys
 					)
 				}

-				// Avoid directory traversal and make sure filename characters are
-				// normalized.
+				// Strip path separators (including backslashes) and control
+				// characters, then NFC-normalize. Defends against directory
+				// traversal in the on-disk name and Windows-side Zip Slip
+				// when the original filename is later embedded in an output
+				// zip entry.
 				// See: https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/662.
-				filename = norm.NFC.String(filepath.Base(filename))
+				filename = sanitizeFilename(filename)

 				// Use a UUID-based name on disk to avoid filesystem
 				// NAME_MAX limits with long filenames.
@@ -389,18 +401,16 @@ func newContext(echoCtx echo.Context, logger *slog.Logger, fs *gotenberg.FileSys
 				dlSpan.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
 				dlSpan.End()

-				ctx.files[filename] = path
-				ctx.diskToOriginal[path] = filename
-
-				// Route the downloaded file to the appropriate field bucket.
+				var formField string
 				switch {
 				case dl.Field == "embedded" || dl.Embedded:
-					ctx.filesByField[EmbedsFormField] = append(ctx.filesByField[EmbedsFormField], path)
+					formField = EmbedsFormField
 				case dl.Field == "watermark":
-					ctx.filesByField[WatermarkFormField] = append(ctx.filesByField[WatermarkFormField], path)
+					formField = WatermarkFormField
 				case dl.Field == "stamp":
-					ctx.filesByField[StampFormField] = append(ctx.filesByField[StampFormField], path)
+					formField = StampFormField
 				}
+				results[i] = downloadFromResult{filename: filename, path: path, formField: formField}

 				return nil
 			})
@@ -410,6 +420,14 @@ func newContext(echoCtx echo.Context, logger *slog.Logger, fs *gotenberg.FileSys
 		if err != nil {
 			return ctx, cancel, err
 		}
+
+		for _, r := range results {
+			ctx.files[r.filename] = r.path
+			ctx.diskToOriginal[r.path] = r.filename
+			if r.formField != "" {
+				ctx.filesByField[r.formField] = append(ctx.filesByField[r.formField], r.path)
+			}
+		}
 	}

 	copyToDisk := func(fh *multipart.FileHeader) error {
@@ -428,10 +446,12 @@ func newContext(echoCtx echo.Context, logger *slog.Logger, fs *gotenberg.FileSys
 		// This will ensure we do not exceed the body limit.
 		reader := &trackingReader{R: in, AddReadBytes: addReadBytes}

-		// Avoid directory traversal and make sure filename characters are
-		// normalized.
+		// Strip path separators (including backslashes) and control
+		// characters, then NFC-normalize. Defends against directory
+		// traversal in the on-disk name and Windows-side Zip Slip when the
+		// original filename is later embedded in an output zip entry.
 		// See: https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/662.
-		filename := norm.NFC.String(filepath.Base(fh.Filename))
+		filename := sanitizeFilename(fh.Filename)

 		// Use a UUID-based name on disk to avoid filesystem
 		// NAME_MAX limits with long filenames.
@@ -469,7 +489,7 @@ func newContext(echoCtx echo.Context, logger *slog.Logger, fs *gotenberg.FileSys
 				return ctx, cancel, fmt.Errorf("copy to disk: %w", err)
 			}
 			// Track files by field name
-			filename := norm.NFC.String(filepath.Base(fh.Filename))
+			filename := sanitizeFilename(fh.Filename)
 			filePath := ctx.files[filename]
 			ctx.filesByField[fieldName] = append(ctx.filesByField[fieldName], filePath)
 		}
@@ -516,6 +536,11 @@ func (ctx *Context) FormData() *FormData {
 	}
 }

+// FileCount returns the number of files received in the request.
+func (ctx *Context) FileCount() int {
+	return len(ctx.files)
+}
+
 // OriginalFilename returns the original filename associated with a disk path.
 // If no mapping exists, it falls back to [filepath.Base].
 func (ctx *Context) OriginalFilename(diskPath string) string {
@@ -658,3 +683,21 @@ func (ctx *Context) OutputFilename(outputPath string) string {

 	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s", filename, filepath.Ext(outputPath))
 }
+
+// sanitizeFilename strips path separators (including backslashes, which
+// [filepath.Base] ignores on Linux) and control characters from a
+// caller-supplied filename, then NFC-normalizes the result. This prevents a
+// Windows-side Zip Slip when an output zip is extracted by a permissive
+// extractor that interprets '\' as a path separator.
+func sanitizeFilename(name string) string {
+	if i := strings.LastIndexAny(name, `/\`); i >= 0 {
+		name = name[i+1:]
+	}
+	name = strings.Map(func(r rune) rune {
+		if r < 0x20 || r == 0x7f {
+			return -1
+		}
+		return r
+	}, name)
+	return norm.NFC.String(name)
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/api/context_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/api/context_test.go
@@ -3,10 +3,13 @@ package api
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"mime/multipart"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"sync"
 	"testing"
 	"time"

@@ -69,3 +72,153 @@ func TestNewContext_Cancellation(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatal("expected context to be cancelled after request context cancellation, but it timed out")
 	}
 }
+
+// Concurrent downloadFrom entries must not race on the shared maps
+// (ctx.files, ctx.diskToOriginal, ctx.filesByField). Run under -race
+// to catch the data race; without -race a sufficient number of entries
+// still surfaces "fatal error: concurrent map writes".
+func TestNewContext_DownloadFromConcurrentMapWrites(t *testing.T) {
+	const downloads = 64
+
+	var ready sync.WaitGroup
+	ready.Add(downloads)
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	var releaseOnce sync.Once
+
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		ready.Done()
+		go func() {
+			ready.Wait()
+			releaseOnce.Do(func() { close(release) })
+		}()
+		<-release
+
+		filename := fmt.Sprintf("download-%s.txt", r.URL.Query().Get("i"))
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Disposition", fmt.Sprintf(`attachment; filename="%s"`, filename))
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("downloaded"))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	dls := make([]downloadFrom, downloads)
+	for i := range dls {
+		dls[i] = downloadFrom{
+			Url:   fmt.Sprintf("%s/file?i=%d", server.URL, i),
+			Field: "embedded",
+		}
+	}
+
+	payload, err := json.Marshal(dls)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal downloadFrom payload: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	body := new(bytes.Buffer)
+	writer := multipart.NewWriter(body)
+	err = writer.WriteField("downloadFrom", string(payload))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write downloadFrom field: %v", err)
+	}
+	err = writer.Close()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("close multipart writer: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "/forms/libreoffice/convert", body)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", writer.FormDataContentType())
+
+	echoCtx := echo.New().NewContext(req, httptest.NewRecorder())
+	logger := slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler)
+	fs := gotenberg.NewFileSystem(new(gotenberg.OsMkdirAll))
+	downloadFromCfg := downloadFromConfig{
+		maxRetry: 0,
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel, err := newContext(echoCtx, logger, fs, 10*time.Second, 0, downloadFromCfg)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("newContext returned error: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer cancel()
+
+	if got := len(ctx.files); got != downloads {
+		t.Fatalf("downloaded files = %d, want %d", got, downloads)
+	}
+	if got := len(ctx.diskToOriginal); got != downloads {
+		t.Fatalf("diskToOriginal entries = %d, want %d", got, downloads)
+	}
+	if got := len(ctx.filesByField[EmbedsFormField]); got != downloads {
+		t.Fatalf("filesByField[%q] entries = %d, want %d", EmbedsFormField, got, downloads)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeFilename(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		scenario string
+		input    string
+		expect   string
+	}{
+		{
+			scenario: "plain filename is unchanged",
+			input:    "report.pdf",
+			expect:   "report.pdf",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "POSIX traversal is stripped",
+			input:    "../../etc/passwd",
+			expect:   "passwd",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "Windows traversal with backslashes is stripped",
+			input:    `..\..\..\..\Windows\System32\evil.pdf`,
+			expect:   "evil.pdf",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "mixed separators take the last segment",
+			input:    `foo/bar\baz.pdf`,
+			expect:   "baz.pdf",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "control characters are dropped",
+			input:    "evil\x00\x07\x1f\x7f.pdf",
+			expect:   "evil.pdf",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "NFC normalization collapses decomposed sequences",
+			// "e" + combining acute accent -> precomposed "é".
+			input:  "café.pdf",
+			expect: "café.pdf",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "trailing backslash yields empty name",
+			input:    `foo\`,
+			expect:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "empty input yields empty name",
+			input:    "",
+			expect:   "",
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := sanitizeFilename(tc.input)
+			if got != tc.expect {
+				t.Errorf("sanitizeFilename(%q) = %q, want %q", tc.input, got, tc.expect)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestContext_FileCount(t *testing.T) {
+	ctx := &Context{}
+	if got := ctx.FileCount(); got != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 0 files, got %d", got)
+	}
+
+	ctx.files = map[string]string{
+		"index.html":  "/work/index.html",
+		"header.html": "/work/header.html",
+		"styles.css":  "/work/styles.css",
+	}
+	if got := ctx.FileCount(); got != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 3 files, got %d", got)
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/api/formdata.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/api/formdata.go
@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ const (

 	// StampFormField represents the form field name for the stamp file.
 	StampFormField string = "stamp"
+
+	// FacturXXmlFormField represents the form field name for the Factur-X CII
+	// invoice XML file.
+	FacturXXmlFormField string = "facturxXml"
 )

 // FormData is a helper for validating and hydrating values from a
@@ -475,13 +479,28 @@ func (form *FormData) Stamp(target *string) *FormData {
 	return form
 }

+// FacturXXml binds the absolute path of the uploaded Factur-X CII invoice
+// XML. Only a file uploaded with the "facturxXml" field name is included.
+func (form *FormData) FacturXXml(target *string) *FormData {
+	if form.errors != nil {
+		return form
+	}
+
+	if paths, ok := form.filesByField[FacturXXmlFormField]; ok && len(paths) > 0 {
+		*target = paths[0]
+	}
+
+	return form
+}
+
 // paths bind the absolute paths of form data files, according to a list of
 // file extensions, to a string slice variable.
-// embeds, watermark, and stamp files are excluded.
+// embeds, watermark, stamp, and facturxXml files are excluded.
 func (form *FormData) paths(extensions []string, target *[]string) *FormData {
 	embeds, ok := form.filesByField[EmbedsFormField]
 	watermarks, wmOk := form.filesByField[WatermarkFormField]
 	stamps, stOk := form.filesByField[StampFormField]
+	facturxXmls, fxOk := form.filesByField[FacturXXmlFormField]

 	// Collect (originalFilename, diskPath) pairs so that we can sort by
 	// original filename rather than by UUID-based disk name.
@@ -505,6 +524,10 @@ func (form *FormData) paths(extensions []string, target *[]string) *FormData {
 			continue
 		}

+		if fxOk && slices.Contains(facturxXmls, path) {
+			continue
+		}
+
 		for _, ext := range extensions {
 			// See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/228.
 			if strings.ToLower(filepath.Ext(filename)) == ext {
--- a/pkg/modules/api/formdata_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/api/formdata_test.go
@@ -1783,3 +1783,57 @@ func TestFormData_Embeds(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("expected %v but got %v", expected, actual)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestFormData_FacturXXml(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		scenario string
+		form     *FormData
+		expect   string
+	}{
+		{
+			scenario: "no facturxXml file",
+			form:     &FormData{},
+			expect:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "facturxXml file present",
+			form: &FormData{
+				filesByField: map[string][]string{
+					FacturXXmlFormField: {"/tmp/abc/12345.xml"},
+				},
+			},
+			expect: "/tmp/abc/12345.xml",
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+			var actual string
+
+			tc.form.FacturXXml(&actual)
+
+			if actual != tc.expect {
+				t.Errorf("expected %q but got %q", tc.expect, actual)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFormData_paths_excludesFacturXXml verifies that an uploaded facturxXml is
+// never picked up as an input document by paths().
+func TestFormData_paths_excludesFacturXXml(t *testing.T) {
+	form := &FormData{
+		files: map[string]string{
+			"document.xml": "/tmp/abc/document.xml",
+			"factur-x.xml": "/tmp/abc/invoice.xml",
+		},
+		filesByField: map[string][]string{
+			FacturXXmlFormField: {"/tmp/abc/invoice.xml"},
+		},
+	}
+
+	var paths []string
+	form.paths([]string{".xml"}, &paths)
+
+	if len(paths) != 1 || paths[0] != "/tmp/abc/document.xml" {
+		t.Errorf("expected only the non-Factur-X .xml document, got %+v", paths)
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/api/middlewares.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/api/middlewares.go
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ func ParseError(err error) (int, string) {
 	}

 	if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-		return http.StatusServiceUnavailable, http.StatusText(http.StatusServiceUnavailable)
+		return http.StatusServiceUnavailable, "The request exceeded the time limit. Increase it with --api-timeout, or reduce the workload."
 	}

 	if errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrFiltered) {
@@ -51,27 +51,27 @@ func ParseError(err error) (int, string) {
 	}

 	if errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrMaximumQueueSizeExceeded) {
-		return http.StatusTooManyRequests, http.StatusText(http.StatusTooManyRequests)
+		return http.StatusTooManyRequests, "The request queue is full. Retry shortly, or raise the limit with --chromium-max-queue-size or --libreoffice-max-queue-size."
 	}

 	if errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrPdfSplitModeNotSupported) {
-		return http.StatusBadRequest, "At least one PDF engine cannot process the requested PDF split mode, while others may have failed to split due to different issues"
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "The requested split mode is not supported, or no PDF engine could process it. Valid modes: 'intervals', 'pages'."
 	}

 	if errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrPdfFormatNotSupported) {
-		return http.StatusBadRequest, "At least one PDF engine cannot process the requested PDF format, while others may have failed to convert due to different issues"
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "The requested PDF format is not supported, or no PDF engine could apply it. Valid formats include PDF/A-1b, PDF/A-2b, PDF/A-3b, and PDF/UA."
 	}

 	if errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMetadataValueNotSupported) {
-		return http.StatusBadRequest, "At least one PDF engine cannot process the requested metadata, while others may have failed to convert due to different issues"
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "The requested metadata could not be written; ensure values are valid and free of control characters."
 	}

 	if errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrPdfStampSourceNotSupported) {
-		return http.StatusBadRequest, "At least one PDF engine cannot process the requested stamp source type, while others may have failed due to different issues"
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "The requested stamp source is not supported, or no PDF engine could process it. Valid sources: 'text', 'image', 'pdf'."
 	}

 	if errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrPdfRotateAngleNotSupported) {
-		return http.StatusBadRequest, "At least one PDF engine cannot process the requested rotation angle, while others may have failed due to different issues"
+		return http.StatusBadRequest, "The requested rotation angle is not supported. Valid angles: 90, 180, 270."
 	}

 	if invalidArgsError, ok := errors.AsType[*gotenberg.PdfEngineInvalidArgsError](err); ok {
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/attrs_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/attrs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package chromium
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/modules/api"
+)
+
+func TestPrintToPdfAttrs(t *testing.T) {
+	options := DefaultPdfOptions()
+	options.Landscape = true
+	options.PageRanges = "1-5"
+	options.HeaderTemplate = "<div>secret header</div>"
+	// FooterTemplate left at default, so has_footer must be false.
+
+	got := map[string]attribute.Value{}
+	for _, kv := range printToPdfAttrs(options) {
+		got[string(kv.Key)] = kv.Value
+		if s := kv.Value.AsString(); strings.Contains(s, "secret") || s == "1-5" {
+			t.Errorf("attribute %s leaked a raw value: %q", kv.Key, s)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !got["gotenberg.chromium.print.landscape"].AsBool() {
+		t.Error("expected landscape=true")
+	}
+	if !got["gotenberg.chromium.print.has_page_ranges"].AsBool() {
+		t.Error("expected has_page_ranges=true")
+	}
+	if !got["gotenberg.chromium.print.has_header"].AsBool() {
+		t.Error("expected has_header=true")
+	}
+	if got["gotenberg.chromium.print.has_footer"].AsBool() {
+		t.Error("expected has_footer=false")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConversionInputAttrs(t *testing.T) {
+	tmp := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "index.html")
+	content := []byte("<html></html>")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(tmp, content, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write temp file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("file URL with non-api context", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got := map[string]int64{}
+		for _, kv := range conversionInputAttrs(context.Background(), "file://"+tmp) {
+			got[string(kv.Key)] = kv.Value.AsInt64()
+		}
+
+		if _, ok := got["gotenberg.conversion.input.files.count"]; ok {
+			t.Error("did not expect files.count for a non-api context")
+		}
+		if got["gotenberg.conversion.input.html.bytes"] != int64(len(content)) {
+			t.Errorf("expected html.bytes=%d, got %d", len(content), got["gotenberg.conversion.input.html.bytes"])
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("remote URL yields no html.bytes", func(t *testing.T) {
+		for _, kv := range conversionInputAttrs(context.Background(), "https://example.com") {
+			if string(kv.Key) == "gotenberg.conversion.input.html.bytes" {
+				t.Error("did not expect html.bytes for a remote URL")
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("api context yields files.count", func(t *testing.T) {
+		var found bool
+		for _, kv := range conversionInputAttrs(&api.Context{}, "https://example.com") {
+			if string(kv.Key) == "gotenberg.conversion.input.files.count" {
+				found = true
+				if kv.Value.AsInt64() != 0 {
+					t.Errorf("expected files.count=0, got %d", kv.Value.AsInt64())
+				}
+			}
+		}
+		if !found {
+			t.Error("expected files.count for an api context")
+		}
+	})
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/browser.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/browser.go
@@ -25,8 +25,8 @@ import (

 type browser interface {
 	gotenberg.Process
-	pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options PdfOptions) error
-	screenshot(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options ScreenshotOptions) error
+	pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options PdfOptions, aggregate *networkAggregate) error
+	screenshot(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options ScreenshotOptions, aggregate *networkAggregate) error
 }

 type browserArguments struct {
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ type browserArguments struct {
 	allowFileAccessFromFiles bool
 	hostResolverRules        string
 	proxyServer              string
+	enableEnvironmentProxy   bool
 	wsUrlReadTimeout         time.Duration
 	hyphenDataDirPath        string

@@ -58,6 +59,14 @@ type chromiumBrowser struct {
 	userProfileDirPath string
 	ctxMu              sync.RWMutex
 	isStarted          atomic.Bool
+	// startMu serializes Start calls. The supervisor's runWithDeadline
+	// abandons a Start goroutine when the request deadline expires while
+	// Chromium's startup handshake is still hanging; the abandoned goroutine
+	// keeps running, holding the resources it acquired (the pinning proxy).
+	// Serializing here prevents a second, overlapping Start from colliding
+	// with the in-flight one on the shared pinning proxy.
+	// See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1599.
+	startMu sync.Mutex

 	arguments    browserArguments
 	fs           *gotenberg.FileSystem
@@ -69,7 +78,7 @@ func newChromiumBrowser(arguments browserArguments) browser {
 		initialCtx:   context.Background(),
 		arguments:    arguments,
 		fs:           gotenberg.NewFileSystem(new(gotenberg.OsMkdirAll)),
-		pinningProxy: newPinningProxy(arguments.allowList, arguments.denyList, arguments.denyPrivateIPs, arguments.denyPublicIPs),
+		pinningProxy: newPinningProxy(arguments.allowList, arguments.denyList, arguments.denyPrivateIPs, arguments.denyPublicIPs, arguments.enableEnvironmentProxy),
 	}
 	b.isStarted.Store(false)

@@ -77,6 +86,19 @@ func newChromiumBrowser(arguments browserArguments) browser {
 }

 func (b *chromiumBrowser) Start(logger *slog.Logger) error {
+	// Refuse to run while a previous Start is still in flight. That previous
+	// Start may be a goroutine the supervisor abandoned after the request
+	// deadline expired while the Chromium startup handshake was hanging; it
+	// still holds the pinning proxy it started. An abandoned goroutine keeps
+	// holding startMu until it unwinds (bounded by --chromium-start-timeout),
+	// so no overlapping Start can collide with it on the shared pinning proxy
+	// and latch Chromium into a permanent "pinning proxy already started"
+	// state. See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1599.
+	if !b.startMu.TryLock() {
+		return errors.New("browser start already in progress")
+	}
+	defer b.startMu.Unlock()
+
 	if b.isStarted.Load() {
 		return errors.New("browser is already started")
 	}
@@ -169,6 +191,15 @@ func (b *chromiumBrowser) Start(logger *slog.Logger) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		cancel()
 		allocatorCancel()
+		// The pinning proxy started before chromedp; tear it down so a
+		// supervisor retry can re-bind. Stop is a no-op when the proxy
+		// was never started (operator-configured --chromium-proxy-server
+		// or --chromium-host-resolver-rules).
+		// See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1559.
+		stopErr := b.pinningProxy.Stop(logger)
+		if stopErr != nil {
+			logger.ErrorContext(context.Background(), fmt.Sprintf("stop pinning proxy after failed start: %s", stopErr))
+		}
 		return fmt.Errorf("run exec allocator: %w", err)
 	}

@@ -305,10 +336,10 @@ func (b *chromiumBrowser) Healthy(logger *slog.Logger) bool {
 	return true
 }

-func (b *chromiumBrowser) pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options PdfOptions) error {
+func (b *chromiumBrowser) pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options PdfOptions, aggregate *networkAggregate) error {
 	// Note: no error wrapping because it leaks on errors we want to display to
 	// the end user.
-	return b.do(ctx, logger, url, options.Options, chromedp.Tasks{
+	return b.do(ctx, logger, url, options.Options, aggregate, chromedp.Tasks{
 		network.Enable(),
 		fetch.Enable(),
 		runtime.Enable(),
@@ -325,16 +356,16 @@ func (b *chromiumBrowser) pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, out
 		waitForSelectorVisibleBeforePrintActionFunc(logger, options.WaitForSelector),
 		waitDelayBeforePrintActionFunc(logger, b.arguments.disableJavaScript, options.WaitDelay),
 		// PDF specific.
-		printToPdfActionFunc(logger, outputPath, options),
+		printToPdfActionFunc(ctx, logger, outputPath, options),
 		// Teardown.
 		page.Close(),
 	})
 }

-func (b *chromiumBrowser) screenshot(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options ScreenshotOptions) error {
+func (b *chromiumBrowser) screenshot(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options ScreenshotOptions, aggregate *networkAggregate) error {
 	// Note: no error wrapping because it leaks on errors we want to display to
 	// the end user.
-	return b.do(ctx, logger, url, options.Options, chromedp.Tasks{
+	return b.do(ctx, logger, url, options.Options, aggregate, chromedp.Tasks{
 		network.Enable(),
 		fetch.Enable(),
 		runtime.Enable(),
@@ -351,14 +382,14 @@ func (b *chromiumBrowser) screenshot(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, u
 		waitForSelectorVisibleBeforePrintActionFunc(logger, options.WaitForSelector),
 		waitDelayBeforePrintActionFunc(logger, b.arguments.disableJavaScript, options.WaitDelay),
 		// Screenshot specific.
-		setDeviceMetricsOverride(logger, options.Width, options.Height),
+		setDeviceMetricsOverride(logger, options.Width, options.Height, options.DeviceScaleFactor),
 		captureScreenshotActionFunc(logger, outputPath, options),
 		// Teardown.
 		page.Close(),
 	})
 }

-func (b *chromiumBrowser) do(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url string, options Options, tasks chromedp.Tasks) error {
+func (b *chromiumBrowser) do(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url string, options Options, aggregate *networkAggregate, tasks chromedp.Tasks) error {
 	if !b.isStarted.Load() {
 		return errors.New("browser not started, cannot handle tasks")
 	}
@@ -387,6 +418,9 @@ func (b *chromiumBrowser) do(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url strin
 	taskCtx, taskCancel := chromedp.NewContext(timeoutCtx)
 	defer taskCancel()

+	// Accumulate per-conversion network activity for telemetry.
+	listenForNetworkActivity(taskCtx, aggregate)
+
 	// We validate all other requests against our allowed / deny lists.
 	// If a request does not pass the validation, we make it fail. It also set
 	// the extra HTTP headers, if any.
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/browser_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/browser_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+package chromium
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log/slog"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// TestChromiumBrowser_Start_rejectsOverlappingStart guards against the latch
+// reported in https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1599. When the
+// supervisor abandons a Start goroutine on request-deadline expiry, that
+// goroutine keeps running and holds startMu (and the pinning proxy it started)
+// until it unwinds. A second Start must be refused rather than proceeding to
+// start the pinning proxy a second time.
+func TestChromiumBrowser_Start_rejectsOverlappingStart(t *testing.T) {
+	b := &chromiumBrowser{initialCtx: context.Background()}
+
+	// Simulate a Start still in flight.
+	b.startMu.Lock()
+	defer b.startMu.Unlock()
+
+	err := b.Start(slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler))
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected an error when a start is already in progress, got nil")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "already in progress") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected an 'already in progress' error, got %q", err)
+	}
+
+	// The guard must return before touching any startup resource, so no user
+	// profile directory is created and the browser stays not started.
+	if b.userProfileDirPath != "" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected no user profile directory to be created, got %q", b.userProfileDirPath)
+	}
+	if b.isStarted.Load() {
+		t.Fatal("expected the browser to stay not started")
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/chromium.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/chromium.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"

@@ -101,12 +102,17 @@ type Chromium struct {
 	supervisor gotenberg.ProcessSupervisor
 	engine     gotenberg.PdfEngine

+	version     string
+	versionOnce sync.Once
+
 	reqsCounter               metric.Int64Counter
 	errsCounter               metric.Int64Counter
 	conversionDurationCounter metric.Float64Histogram
 	queueWaitDurationCounter  metric.Float64Histogram
 	pdfOutputSizeCounter      metric.Int64Histogram
 	imageOutputSizeCounter    metric.Int64Histogram
+	networkRequestsCounter    metric.Int64Counter
+	networkBytesCounter       metric.Int64Histogram
 }

 // Options are the common options for all conversions.
@@ -294,7 +300,8 @@ type PdfOptions struct {
 	PreferCssPageSize bool

 	// GenerateDocumentOutline defines whether the document outline should be
-	// embedded into the PDF.
+	// embedded into the PDF. Chromium derives the outline from the tagged-PDF
+	// structure tree, so enabling this implies GenerateTaggedPdf.
 	GenerateDocumentOutline bool

 	// GenerateTaggedPdf defines whether to generate tagged (accessible)
@@ -350,18 +357,23 @@ type ScreenshotOptions struct {
 	// OptimizeForSpeed defines whether to optimize image encoding for speed,
 	// not for resulting size.
 	OptimizeForSpeed bool
+
+	// DeviceScaleFactor is the ratio of the resolution in physical pixels to
+	// the resolution in CSS pixels for the current display device.
+	DeviceScaleFactor float64
 }

 // DefaultScreenshotOptions returns the default values for ScreenshotOptions.
 func DefaultScreenshotOptions() ScreenshotOptions {
 	return ScreenshotOptions{
-		Options:          DefaultOptions(),
-		Width:            800,
-		Height:           600,
-		Clip:             false,
-		Format:           "png",
-		Quality:          100,
-		OptimizeForSpeed: false,
+		Options:           DefaultOptions(),
+		Width:             800,
+		Height:            600,
+		Clip:              false,
+		Format:            "png",
+		Quality:           100,
+		OptimizeForSpeed:  false,
+		DeviceScaleFactor: 1.0,
 	}
 }

@@ -448,6 +460,7 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Descriptor() gotenberg.ModuleDescriptor {
 			fs.Bool("chromium-allow-file-access-from-files", false, "Allow file:// URIs to read other file:// URIs")
 			fs.String("chromium-host-resolver-rules", "", "Set custom mappings to the host resolver")
 			fs.String("chromium-proxy-server", "", "Set the outbound proxy server; this switch only affects HTTP and HTTPS requests")
+			fs.Bool("chromium-enable-environment-proxy", false, "Route Chromium's outbound requests through the proxy defined by the standard HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, and NO_PROXY variables, including credentials. Use this instead of --chromium-proxy-server for authenticated proxies, and leave --chromium-proxy-server and --chromium-host-resolver-rules unset")
 			fs.StringSlice("chromium-allow-list", []string{}, "Set the allowed URLs for Chromium using regular expressions - supports multiple values")
 			fs.StringSlice("chromium-deny-list", []string{`^file:(?!//\/tmp/).*`}, "Set the denied URLs for Chromium using regular expressions - supports multiple values")
 			fs.Bool("chromium-deny-private-ips", false, "Reject URLs whose host resolves to a non-public IP address (loopback, RFC1918, link-local, unique-local). Enable on deployments that accept untrusted form input to mitigate SSRF against internal services")
@@ -479,12 +492,12 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {

 	binPath, ok := os.LookupEnv("CHROMIUM_BIN_PATH")
 	if !ok {
-		return errors.New("CHROMIUM_BIN_PATH environment variable is not set")
+		return errors.New("CHROMIUM_BIN_PATH environment variable is not set; set it to the absolute path of the Chromium or Chrome binary")
 	}

 	hyphenDataDirPath, ok := os.LookupEnv("CHROMIUM_HYPHEN_DATA_DIR_PATH")
 	if !ok {
-		return errors.New("CHROMIUM_HYPHEN_DATA_DIR_PATH environment variable is not set")
+		return errors.New("CHROMIUM_HYPHEN_DATA_DIR_PATH environment variable is not set; set it to the absolute path of the Chromium hyphenation data directory (it ships in the Gotenberg image)")
 	}

 	mod.args = browserArguments{
@@ -495,6 +508,7 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {
 		allowFileAccessFromFiles: flags.MustBool("chromium-allow-file-access-from-files"),
 		hostResolverRules:        flags.MustString("chromium-host-resolver-rules"),
 		proxyServer:              flags.MustString("chromium-proxy-server"),
+		enableEnvironmentProxy:   flags.MustBool("chromium-enable-environment-proxy"),
 		wsUrlReadTimeout:         flags.MustDuration("chromium-start-timeout"),
 		hyphenDataDirPath:        hyphenDataDirPath,

@@ -512,7 +526,7 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {

 	// Process.
 	mod.browser = newChromiumBrowser(mod.args)
-	mod.supervisor = gotenberg.NewProcessSupervisor(mod.logger, mod.browser, flags.MustInt64("chromium-restart-after"), flags.MustInt64("chromium-max-queue-size"), mod.maxConcurrency, flags.MustDuration("chromium-idle-shutdown-timeout"))
+	mod.supervisor = gotenberg.NewProcessSupervisor(mod.logger, "chromium", mod.browser, flags.MustInt64("chromium-restart-after"), flags.MustInt64("chromium-max-queue-size"), mod.maxConcurrency, flags.MustDuration("chromium-idle-shutdown-timeout"))

 	// PDF Engine.
 	provider, err := ctx.Module(new(gotenberg.PdfEngineProvider))
@@ -628,6 +642,24 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create chromium.image.output.size histogram: %w", err)
 	}

+	mod.networkRequestsCounter, err = meter.Int64Counter(
+		"chromium.network.requests.total",
+		metric.WithDescription("Total number of network requests made during Chromium conversions"),
+		metric.WithUnit("{request}"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create chromium.network.requests.total counter: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	mod.networkBytesCounter, err = meter.Int64Histogram(
+		"chromium.network.bytes",
+		metric.WithDescription("Bytes fetched over the network during a Chromium conversion"),
+		metric.WithUnit("By"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create chromium.network.bytes histogram: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

@@ -639,12 +671,12 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Validate() error {

 	_, err := os.Stat(mod.args.binPath)
 	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("chromium binary path does not exist: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("Chromium binary does not exist at %q; check the CHROMIUM_BIN_PATH environment variable: %w", mod.args.binPath, err)
 	}

 	_, err = os.Stat(mod.args.hyphenDataDirPath)
 	if os.IsNotExist(err) {
-		return fmt.Errorf("chromium hyphen-data directory path does not exist: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("Chromium hyphenation data directory does not exist at %q; check the CHROMIUM_HYPHEN_DATA_DIR_PATH environment variable (it ships in the Gotenberg image): %w", mod.args.hyphenDataDirPath, err)
 	}

 	return nil
@@ -692,19 +724,46 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {

 // Debug returns additional debug data.
 func (mod *Chromium) Debug() map[string]any {
-	debug := make(map[string]any)
+	return map[string]any{"version": mod.detectVersion()}
+}

-	cmd := exec.Command(mod.args.binPath, "--version") //nolint:gosec
-	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+// detectVersion resolves the Chromium version once, preferring the value
+// captured at image build time so it never spawns Chromium at runtime. It falls
+// back to running chromium --version for local or non-Docker builds.
+func (mod *Chromium) detectVersion() string {
+	mod.versionOnce.Do(func() {
+		if v, ok := gotenberg.BuildVersion("chromium"); ok {
+			mod.version = v
+			return
+		}

-	output, err := cmd.Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		debug["version"] = err.Error()
-		return debug
+		cmd := exec.Command(mod.args.binPath, "--version") //nolint:gosec
+		cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+
+		output, err := cmd.Output()
+		if err != nil {
+			mod.version = err.Error()
+			return
+		}
+
+		mod.version = strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
+	})
+
+	return mod.version
+}
+
+// spanAttrs returns the client-span attributes for a Chromium invocation: the
+// server address and the Chromium version, plus any extra attributes. The
+// version rides on every conversion span so a trace records which Chromium
+// rendered the document.
+func (mod *Chromium) spanAttrs(extra ...attribute.KeyValue) []attribute.KeyValue {
+	attrs := make([]attribute.KeyValue, 0, 2+len(extra))
+	attrs = append(attrs, semconv.ServerAddress(mod.args.binPath))
+	if v := mod.detectVersion(); v != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, attribute.String("gotenberg.chromium.version", v))
 	}

-	debug["version"] = strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
-	return debug
+	return append(attrs, extra...)
 }

 // Metrics returns the metrics.
@@ -794,19 +853,32 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Routes() ([]api.Route, error) {
 }

 // Pdf converts a URL to PDF.
+//
+//nolint:dupl
 func (mod *Chromium) Pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options PdfOptions) error {
+	// Read input attributes before Start rebinds ctx to the span context, which
+	// would shadow the underlying [api.Context].
+	inputAttrs := conversionInputAttrs(ctx, url)
+
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "chromium.Pdf",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(mod.args.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(mod.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

+	span.SetAttributes(inputAttrs...)
+	span.SetAttributes(
+		attribute.Int64("gotenberg.queue.depth_at_arrival", mod.supervisor.ReqQueueSize()),
+		attribute.Int64("gotenberg.conversions_since_last_restart", mod.supervisor.ConversionsSinceRestart()),
+	)
+
 	start := time.Now()
 	var conversionStart time.Time

+	aggregate := newNetworkAggregate()
 	err := mod.supervisor.Run(ctx, logger, func() error {
 		conversionStart = time.Now()
-		return mod.browser.pdf(ctx, logger, url, outputPath, options)
+		return mod.browser.pdf(ctx, logger, url, outputPath, options, aggregate)
 	})

 	end := time.Now()
@@ -819,21 +891,12 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPa
 			status = "error"
 		}

-		reason := "unknown"
-		switch {
-		case errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded):
-			reason = "timeout"
-		case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
-			reason = "context_cancelled"
-		case errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidHttpStatusCode) || errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidResourceHttpStatusCode) || errors.Is(err, ErrLoadingFailed) || errors.Is(err, ErrResourceLoadingFailed) || errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidEvaluationExpression) || errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidSelectorQuery):
-			reason = "invalid_input"
-		case errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrMaximumQueueSizeExceeded) || errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrProcessAlreadyRestarting):
-			reason = "chromium_unavailable"
-		}
+		reason := chromiumErrorType(err, "chromium_unavailable")

 		mod.errsCounter.Add(ctx, 1, metric.WithAttributes(
 			attribute.String("reason", reason),
 		))
+		gotenberg.SpanErrorType(span, reason)
 	}

 	if !conversionStart.IsZero() {
@@ -857,9 +920,12 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPa
 		attribute.String("status", status),
 	))

+	mod.recordNetwork(ctx, span, aggregate)
+
 	if err == nil {
 		if fileInfo, statErr := os.Stat(outputPath); statErr == nil {
 			mod.pdfOutputSizeCounter.Record(ctx, fileInfo.Size())
+			span.SetAttributes(attribute.Int64("gotenberg.conversion.output.bytes", fileInfo.Size()))
 		}

 		span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
@@ -871,19 +937,28 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPa
 	return err
 }

+// Screenshot captures a screenshot from a URL.
+//
+//nolint:dupl
 func (mod *Chromium) Screenshot(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options ScreenshotOptions) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "chromium.Screenshot",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(mod.args.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(mod.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

+	span.SetAttributes(
+		attribute.Int64("gotenberg.queue.depth_at_arrival", mod.supervisor.ReqQueueSize()),
+		attribute.Int64("gotenberg.conversions_since_last_restart", mod.supervisor.ConversionsSinceRestart()),
+	)
+
 	start := time.Now()
 	var conversionStart time.Time

+	aggregate := newNetworkAggregate()
 	err := mod.supervisor.Run(ctx, logger, func() error {
 		conversionStart = time.Now()
-		return mod.browser.screenshot(ctx, logger, url, outputPath, options)
+		return mod.browser.screenshot(ctx, logger, url, outputPath, options, aggregate)
 	})

 	end := time.Now()
@@ -896,23 +971,12 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Screenshot(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, o
 			status = "error"
 		}

-		reason := "unknown"
-		switch {
-		case errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded):
-			reason = "timeout"
-		case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
-			reason = "context_cancelled"
-		case errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidHttpStatusCode) || errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidResourceHttpStatusCode) || errors.Is(err, ErrLoadingFailed) || errors.Is(err, ErrResourceLoadingFailed) || errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidEvaluationExpression) || errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidSelectorQuery):
-			reason = "invalid_input"
-		case errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrMaximumQueueSizeExceeded):
-			reason = "chromium_maximum_queue_size_exceeded"
-		case errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrProcessAlreadyRestarting):
-			reason = "chromium_unavailable"
-		}
+		reason := chromiumErrorType(err, "chromium_maximum_queue_size_exceeded")

 		mod.errsCounter.Add(ctx, 1, metric.WithAttributes(
 			attribute.String("reason", reason),
 		))
+		gotenberg.SpanErrorType(span, reason)
 	}

 	if !conversionStart.IsZero() {
@@ -936,6 +1000,8 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Screenshot(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, o
 		attribute.String("status", status),
 	))

+	mod.recordNetwork(ctx, span, aggregate)
+
 	if err == nil {
 		if fileInfo, statErr := os.Stat(outputPath); statErr == nil {
 			mod.imageOutputSizeCounter.Record(ctx, fileInfo.Size())
@@ -950,6 +1016,86 @@ func (mod *Chromium) Screenshot(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, o
 	return err
 }

+// recordNetwork lifts per-conversion network aggregates onto the span and the
+// network metrics. Counts are dimensioned by outcome and bytes feed a
+// histogram; both are recorded with the conversion context so the SDK attaches
+// trace exemplars. The heaviest resource URL is redacted before it lands on the
+// span event.
+func (mod *Chromium) recordNetwork(ctx context.Context, span trace.Span, aggregate *networkAggregate) {
+	if aggregate == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	stats := aggregate.snapshot()
+
+	span.SetAttributes(
+		attribute.Int64("gotenberg.chromium.resources.count", stats.requestCount),
+		attribute.Int64("gotenberg.chromium.resources.bytes_total", stats.bytesTotal),
+		attribute.Int64("gotenberg.chromium.resources.failed_count", stats.failedCount),
+		attribute.Int64("gotenberg.chromium.resources.unique_origins", stats.uniqueOrigins),
+	)
+
+	if stats.heaviestURL != "" {
+		span.AddEvent("chromium.heaviest_resource", trace.WithAttributes(
+			attribute.String("url", gotenberg.RedactURL(stats.heaviestURL)),
+			attribute.Int64("bytes", stats.heaviestBytes),
+		))
+	}
+
+	if ok := stats.requestCount - stats.failedCount; ok > 0 {
+		mod.networkRequestsCounter.Add(ctx, ok, metric.WithAttributes(attribute.String("outcome", "ok")))
+	}
+	if stats.failedCount > 0 {
+		mod.networkRequestsCounter.Add(ctx, stats.failedCount, metric.WithAttributes(attribute.String("outcome", "failed")))
+	}
+
+	mod.networkBytesCounter.Record(ctx, stats.bytesTotal)
+}
+
+// conversionInputAttrs derives low-cardinality input attributes for a
+// conversion span: the number of received files (when ctx is an [api.Context])
+// and the size of the local HTML input (when url is a file:// URL). Remote URL
+// conversions yield no html.bytes.
+func conversionInputAttrs(ctx context.Context, url string) []attribute.KeyValue {
+	var attrs []attribute.KeyValue
+
+	if apiCtx, ok := ctx.(*api.Context); ok {
+		attrs = append(attrs, attribute.Int("gotenberg.conversion.input.files.count", apiCtx.FileCount()))
+	}
+
+	if after, ok := strings.CutPrefix(url, "file://"); ok {
+		if info, err := os.Stat(after); err == nil {
+			attrs = append(attrs, attribute.Int64("gotenberg.conversion.input.html.bytes", info.Size()))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return attrs
+}
+
+// chromiumErrorType maps a conversion error to chromium's bounded reason value,
+// reused as the span error.type. queueReason preserves the historical,
+// route-specific label for a saturated queue: Pdf collapses it into
+// "chromium_unavailable", whereas Screenshot keeps
+// "chromium_maximum_queue_size_exceeded". Generic failures fall back to
+// [gotenberg.ClassifyError].
+func chromiumErrorType(err error, queueReason string) string {
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidHttpStatusCode),
+		errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidResourceHttpStatusCode),
+		errors.Is(err, ErrLoadingFailed),
+		errors.Is(err, ErrResourceLoadingFailed),
+		errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidEvaluationExpression),
+		errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidSelectorQuery):
+		return gotenberg.ErrorTypeInvalidInput
+	case errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrMaximumQueueSizeExceeded):
+		return queueReason
+	case errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrProcessAlreadyRestarting):
+		return "chromium_unavailable"
+	default:
+		return gotenberg.ClassifyError(err)
+	}
+}
+
 // Interface guards.
 var (
 	_ gotenberg.Module          = (*Chromium)(nil)
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/errortype_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/errortype_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package chromium
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
+)
+
+func TestChromiumErrorType(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name        string
+		err         error
+		queueReason string
+		want        string
+	}{
+		{"deadline", context.DeadlineExceeded, "chromium_unavailable", "timeout"},
+		{"canceled", context.Canceled, "chromium_unavailable", "context_cancelled"},
+		{"invalid http status", ErrInvalidHttpStatusCode, "chromium_unavailable", "invalid_input"},
+		{"invalid resource http status", ErrInvalidResourceHttpStatusCode, "chromium_unavailable", "invalid_input"},
+		{"loading failed", ErrLoadingFailed, "chromium_unavailable", "invalid_input"},
+		{"resource loading failed", ErrResourceLoadingFailed, "chromium_unavailable", "invalid_input"},
+		{"invalid evaluation expression", ErrInvalidEvaluationExpression, "chromium_unavailable", "invalid_input"},
+		{"invalid selector query", ErrInvalidSelectorQuery, "chromium_unavailable", "invalid_input"},
+		{"pdf queue", gotenberg.ErrMaximumQueueSizeExceeded, "chromium_unavailable", "chromium_unavailable"},
+		{"screenshot queue", gotenberg.ErrMaximumQueueSizeExceeded, "chromium_maximum_queue_size_exceeded", "chromium_maximum_queue_size_exceeded"},
+		{"restarting", gotenberg.ErrProcessAlreadyRestarting, "chromium_maximum_queue_size_exceeded", "chromium_unavailable"},
+		{"unknown", errors.New("boom"), "chromium_unavailable", "unknown"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := chromiumErrorType(tc.err, tc.queueReason); got != tc.want {
+				t.Errorf("chromiumErrorType(%v, %q) = %q, want %q", tc.err, tc.queueReason, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/events.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/events.go
@@ -23,6 +23,26 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
 )

+// listenForNetworkActivity accumulates per-conversion network activity into
+// aggregate from the always-on Network domain events. It is a no-op when
+// aggregate is nil.
+func listenForNetworkActivity(ctx context.Context, aggregate *networkAggregate) {
+	if aggregate == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	chromedp.ListenTarget(ctx, func(ev any) {
+		switch e := ev.(type) {
+		case *network.EventResponseReceived:
+			aggregate.onResponseReceived(e)
+		case *network.EventLoadingFinished:
+			aggregate.onLoadingFinished(e)
+		case *network.EventLoadingFailed:
+			aggregate.onLoadingFailed(e)
+		}
+	})
+}
+
 type eventRequestPausedOptions struct {
 	allowList, denyList []*regexp2.Regexp
 	denyPrivateIPs      bool
@@ -428,19 +448,24 @@ func listenForEventExceptionThrown(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, con
 	})
 }

-// waitForEventDomContentEventFired waits until the event DomContentEventFired
-// is fired or the context timeout.
+// waitForEventDomContentEventFired registers a listener for the
+// DomContentEventFired event and returns a waiter that blocks until the
+// event fires or ctx is done. The listener registers at call time, not
+// inside the waiter, so callers must invoke this before triggering the
+// action that may emit the event. Registering inside the waiter would
+// open a race: for fast loads (typically file:// pages with no external
+// sub-resources), the event can fire before the waiter goroutine starts
+// and the listener never sees a record.
 func waitForEventDomContentEventFired(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger) func() error {
+	ch := make(chan struct{})
+	cctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	chromedp.ListenTarget(cctx, func(ev any) {
+		if _, ok := ev.(*page.EventDomContentEventFired); ok {
+			cancel()
+			close(ch)
+		}
+	})
 	return func() error {
-		ch := make(chan struct{})
-		cctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-		chromedp.ListenTarget(cctx, func(ev any) {
-			if _, ok := ev.(*page.EventDomContentEventFired); ok {
-				cancel()
-				close(ch)
-			}
-		})
-
 		select {
 		case <-ch:
 			logger.DebugContext(ctx, "event DomContentEventFired fired")
@@ -451,19 +476,20 @@ func waitForEventDomContentEventFired(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger)
 	}
 }

-// waitForEventLoadEventFired waits until the event LoadEventFired is fired or
-// the context timeout.
+// waitForEventLoadEventFired registers a listener for the LoadEventFired
+// event and returns a waiter that blocks until the event fires or ctx is
+// done. See [waitForEventDomContentEventFired] for the rationale on
+// registering at call time rather than inside the waiter.
 func waitForEventLoadEventFired(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger) func() error {
+	ch := make(chan struct{})
+	cctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	chromedp.ListenTarget(cctx, func(ev any) {
+		if _, ok := ev.(*page.EventLoadEventFired); ok {
+			cancel()
+			close(ch)
+		}
+	})
 	return func() error {
-		ch := make(chan struct{})
-		cctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-		chromedp.ListenTarget(cctx, func(ev any) {
-			if _, ok := ev.(*page.EventLoadEventFired); ok {
-				cancel()
-				close(ch)
-			}
-		})
-
 		select {
 		case <-ch:
 			logger.DebugContext(ctx, "event LoadEventFired fired")
@@ -474,19 +500,20 @@ func waitForEventLoadEventFired(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger) func()
 	}
 }

-// waitForEventNetworkIdle waits until the event networkIdle is fired or the
-// context timeout.
+// waitForEventNetworkIdle registers a listener for the networkIdle
+// lifecycle event and returns a waiter that blocks until the event fires
+// or ctx is done. See [waitForEventDomContentEventFired] for the
+// rationale on registering at call time rather than inside the waiter.
 func waitForEventNetworkIdle(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger) func() error {
+	ch := make(chan struct{})
+	cctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	chromedp.ListenTarget(cctx, func(ev any) {
+		if e, ok := ev.(*page.EventLifecycleEvent); ok && e.Name == "networkIdle" {
+			cancel()
+			close(ch)
+		}
+	})
 	return func() error {
-		ch := make(chan struct{})
-		cctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-		chromedp.ListenTarget(cctx, func(ev any) {
-			if e, ok := ev.(*page.EventLifecycleEvent); ok && e.Name == "networkIdle" {
-				cancel()
-				close(ch)
-			}
-		})
-
 		select {
 		case <-ch:
 			logger.DebugContext(ctx, "event networkIdle fired")
@@ -497,19 +524,20 @@ func waitForEventNetworkIdle(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger) func() er
 	}
 }

-// waitForEventNetworkAlmostIdle waits until the event networkIdle2 is fired
-// or the context timeout.
+// waitForEventNetworkAlmostIdle registers a listener for the networkIdle2
+// lifecycle event and returns a waiter that blocks until the event fires
+// or ctx is done. See [waitForEventDomContentEventFired] for the
+// rationale on registering at call time rather than inside the waiter.
 func waitForEventNetworkAlmostIdle(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger) func() error {
+	ch := make(chan struct{})
+	cctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	chromedp.ListenTarget(cctx, func(ev any) {
+		if e, ok := ev.(*page.EventLifecycleEvent); ok && e.Name == "networkIdle2" {
+			cancel()
+			close(ch)
+		}
+	})
 	return func() error {
-		ch := make(chan struct{})
-		cctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-		chromedp.ListenTarget(cctx, func(ev any) {
-			if e, ok := ev.(*page.EventLifecycleEvent); ok && e.Name == "networkIdle2" {
-				cancel()
-				close(ch)
-			}
-		})
-
 		select {
 		case <-ch:
 			logger.DebugContext(ctx, "event networkAlmostIdle fired")
@@ -520,19 +548,20 @@ func waitForEventNetworkAlmostIdle(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger) fun
 	}
 }

-// waitForEventLoadingFinished waits until the event LoadingFinished is fired
-// or the context timeout.
+// waitForEventLoadingFinished registers a listener for the
+// LoadingFinished event and returns a waiter that blocks until the event
+// fires or ctx is done. See [waitForEventDomContentEventFired] for the
+// rationale on registering at call time rather than inside the waiter.
 func waitForEventLoadingFinished(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger) func() error {
+	ch := make(chan struct{})
+	cctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	chromedp.ListenTarget(cctx, func(ev any) {
+		if _, ok := ev.(*network.EventLoadingFinished); ok {
+			cancel()
+			close(ch)
+		}
+	})
 	return func() error {
-		ch := make(chan struct{})
-		cctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-		chromedp.ListenTarget(cctx, func(ev any) {
-			if _, ok := ev.(*network.EventLoadingFinished); ok {
-				cancel()
-				close(ch)
-			}
-		})
-
 		select {
 		case <-ch:
 			logger.DebugContext(ctx, "event LoadingFinished fired")
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/mocks.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/mocks.go
@@ -24,16 +24,16 @@ func (api *ApiMock) Screenshot(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, ou
 // browserMock is a mock for the [browser] interface.
 type browserMock struct {
 	gotenberg.ProcessMock
-	pdfMock        func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options PdfOptions) error
-	screenshotMock func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options ScreenshotOptions) error
+	pdfMock        func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options PdfOptions, aggregate *networkAggregate) error
+	screenshotMock func(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options ScreenshotOptions, aggregate *networkAggregate) error
 }

-func (b *browserMock) pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options PdfOptions) error {
-	return b.pdfMock(ctx, logger, url, outputPath, options)
+func (b *browserMock) pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options PdfOptions, aggregate *networkAggregate) error {
+	return b.pdfMock(ctx, logger, url, outputPath, options, aggregate)
 }

-func (b *browserMock) screenshot(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options ScreenshotOptions) error {
-	return b.screenshotMock(ctx, logger, url, outputPath, options)
+func (b *browserMock) screenshot(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, url, outputPath string, options ScreenshotOptions, aggregate *networkAggregate) error {
+	return b.screenshotMock(ctx, logger, url, outputPath, options, aggregate)
 }

 // Interface guards.
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/network_aggregate.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/network_aggregate.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package chromium
+
+import (
+	"net/url"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/chromedp/cdproto/network"
+)
+
+// maxTrackedOrigins bounds the distinct origins kept per conversion so a
+// pathological page cannot grow the set without limit.
+const maxTrackedOrigins = 64
+
+// networkAggregate accumulates per-conversion network activity from Chromium
+// DevTools events. It is safe for concurrent use by the chromedp event listener
+// goroutine and the conversion goroutine that reads the snapshot afterwards.
+type networkAggregate struct {
+	mu sync.Mutex
+
+	requestCount int64
+	bytesTotal   int64
+	failedCount  int64
+
+	origins        map[string]struct{}
+	requestURLByID map[network.RequestID]string
+
+	heaviestURL   string
+	heaviestBytes int64
+}
+
+// networkStats is an immutable snapshot of a [networkAggregate].
+type networkStats struct {
+	requestCount  int64
+	bytesTotal    int64
+	failedCount   int64
+	uniqueOrigins int64
+	heaviestURL   string
+	heaviestBytes int64
+}
+
+func newNetworkAggregate() *networkAggregate {
+	return &networkAggregate{
+		origins:        make(map[string]struct{}),
+		requestURLByID: make(map[network.RequestID]string),
+	}
+}
+
+// onResponseReceived records the response origin and remembers the URL for the
+// request id, so a later loading-finished event can attribute its bytes.
+func (a *networkAggregate) onResponseReceived(ev *network.EventResponseReceived) {
+	if ev == nil || ev.Response == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if origin := originOf(ev.Response.URL); origin != "" {
+		if _, ok := a.origins[origin]; !ok && len(a.origins) < maxTrackedOrigins {
+			a.origins[origin] = struct{}{}
+		}
+	}
+	a.requestURLByID[ev.RequestID] = ev.Response.URL
+}
+
+// onLoadingFinished records a successfully completed request and its size,
+// tracking the single heaviest resource.
+func (a *networkAggregate) onLoadingFinished(ev *network.EventLoadingFinished) {
+	if ev == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+
+	a.requestCount++
+
+	size := int64(ev.EncodedDataLength)
+	a.bytesTotal += size
+	if size > a.heaviestBytes {
+		a.heaviestBytes = size
+		a.heaviestURL = a.requestURLByID[ev.RequestID]
+	}
+}
+
+// onLoadingFailed records a request that failed to complete.
+func (a *networkAggregate) onLoadingFailed(ev *network.EventLoadingFailed) {
+	if ev == nil {
+		return
+	}
+
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+
+	a.requestCount++
+	a.failedCount++
+}
+
+func (a *networkAggregate) snapshot() networkStats {
+	a.mu.Lock()
+	defer a.mu.Unlock()
+
+	return networkStats{
+		requestCount:  a.requestCount,
+		bytesTotal:    a.bytesTotal,
+		failedCount:   a.failedCount,
+		uniqueOrigins: int64(len(a.origins)),
+		heaviestURL:   a.heaviestURL,
+		heaviestBytes: a.heaviestBytes,
+	}
+}
+
+// originOf returns the scheme://host of rawURL, or an empty string when it has
+// no host (for example data: or file: URLs).
+func originOf(rawURL string) string {
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(rawURL)
+	if err != nil || parsed.Host == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return parsed.Scheme + "://" + parsed.Host
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/network_aggregate_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/network_aggregate_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,100 @@
+package chromium
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/chromedp/cdproto/network"
+)
+
+func TestOriginOf(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		raw  string
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"https://example.com/path?q=1", "https://example.com"},
+		{"http://cdn.example.com:8080/a.js", "http://cdn.example.com:8080"},
+		{"data:image/png;base64,AAAA", ""},
+		{"file:///tmp/index.html", ""},
+		{"not a url", ""},
+	} {
+		if got := originOf(tc.raw); got != tc.want {
+			t.Errorf("originOf(%q) = %q, want %q", tc.raw, got, tc.want)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNetworkAggregate_Snapshot(t *testing.T) {
+	a := newNetworkAggregate()
+
+	a.onResponseReceived(&network.EventResponseReceived{
+		RequestID: "1",
+		Response:  &network.Response{URL: "https://example.com/a.js"},
+	})
+	a.onResponseReceived(&network.EventResponseReceived{
+		RequestID: "2",
+		Response:  &network.Response{URL: "https://cdn.example.com/b.png"},
+	})
+	// Duplicate origin must not grow the set.
+	a.onResponseReceived(&network.EventResponseReceived{
+		RequestID: "3",
+		Response:  &network.Response{URL: "https://example.com/c.css"},
+	})
+
+	a.onLoadingFinished(&network.EventLoadingFinished{RequestID: "1", EncodedDataLength: 100})
+	a.onLoadingFinished(&network.EventLoadingFinished{RequestID: "2", EncodedDataLength: 900})
+	a.onLoadingFailed(&network.EventLoadingFailed{RequestID: "3"})
+
+	got := a.snapshot()
+	if got.requestCount != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("requestCount = %d, want 3", got.requestCount)
+	}
+	if got.bytesTotal != 1000 {
+		t.Errorf("bytesTotal = %d, want 1000", got.bytesTotal)
+	}
+	if got.failedCount != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("failedCount = %d, want 1", got.failedCount)
+	}
+	if got.uniqueOrigins != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("uniqueOrigins = %d, want 2", got.uniqueOrigins)
+	}
+	if got.heaviestBytes != 900 || got.heaviestURL != "https://cdn.example.com/b.png" {
+		t.Errorf("heaviest = (%q, %d), want (%q, 900)", got.heaviestURL, got.heaviestBytes, "https://cdn.example.com/b.png")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNetworkAggregate_OriginCap(t *testing.T) {
+	a := newNetworkAggregate()
+	for i := range maxTrackedOrigins + 50 {
+		a.onResponseReceived(&network.EventResponseReceived{
+			RequestID: network.RequestID(fmt.Sprintf("r%d", i)),
+			Response:  &network.Response{URL: fmt.Sprintf("https://host%d.example.com/x", i)},
+		})
+	}
+	if got := a.snapshot().uniqueOrigins; got != maxTrackedOrigins {
+		t.Errorf("uniqueOrigins = %d, want %d (capped)", got, maxTrackedOrigins)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNetworkAggregate_ConcurrentSafe(t *testing.T) {
+	a := newNetworkAggregate()
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	for i := range 100 {
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(i int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			id := network.RequestID(fmt.Sprintf("r%d", i))
+			a.onResponseReceived(&network.EventResponseReceived{
+				RequestID: id,
+				Response:  &network.Response{URL: fmt.Sprintf("https://host%d.example.com/x", i)},
+			})
+			a.onLoadingFinished(&network.EventLoadingFinished{RequestID: id, EncodedDataLength: 10})
+		}(i)
+	}
+	wg.Wait()
+
+	if got := a.snapshot().requestCount; got != 100 {
+		t.Errorf("requestCount = %d, want 100", got)
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/pinning_proxy.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/pinning_proxy.go
@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/netip"
+	"net/url"
 	"sync"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/dlclark/regexp2"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http/httpproxy"

 	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
 )
@@ -43,6 +45,14 @@ type pinningProxy struct {
 	// allow-list opt-in). Tests may override it.
 	dialBypass func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error)

+	// upstreamProxy resolves the upstream (corporate) proxy for a
+	// destination URL from the standard proxy environment variables, or
+	// returns a nil URL to connect directly. It is nil unless the operator
+	// opted into proxy-environment honoring. When set, the pinning proxy
+	// performs the authenticated proxy handshake that Chromium cannot. See
+	// https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1592.
+	upstreamProxy func(*url.URL) (*url.URL, error)
+
 	listener net.Listener
 	server   *http.Server
 	wg       sync.WaitGroup
@@ -57,8 +67,8 @@ type pinningProxy struct {
 // [gotenberg.DecideOutbound] on every request the proxy sees, so
 // Chromium inherits whatever posture the operator selected. The
 // returned proxy is not yet listening; call Start.
-func newPinningProxy(allowList, denyList []*regexp2.Regexp, denyPrivateIPs, denyPublicIPs bool) *pinningProxy {
-	return &pinningProxy{
+func newPinningProxy(allowList, denyList []*regexp2.Regexp, denyPrivateIPs, denyPublicIPs, enableEnvironmentProxy bool) *pinningProxy {
+	p := &pinningProxy{
 		allowList: allowList,
 		denyList:  denyList,
 		decide: func(ctx context.Context, rawURL string, allow, deny []*regexp2.Regexp, deadline time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
@@ -73,6 +83,14 @@ func newPinningProxy(allowList, denyList []*regexp2.Regexp, denyPrivateIPs, deny
 			return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, addr)
 		},
 	}
+
+	if enableEnvironmentProxy {
+		// Honor the standard proxy environment variables, credentials
+		// included. httpproxy reads the environment now and applies NO_PROXY.
+		p.upstreamProxy = httpproxy.FromEnvironment().ProxyFunc()
+	}
+
+	return p
 }

 // Start binds the proxy to 127.0.0.1 on an ephemeral port and serves in a
@@ -179,13 +197,33 @@ func (p *pinningProxy) handleConnect(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 	// the CONNECT handling beyond filtering.
 	decision, err := p.decide(req.Context(), "https://"+req.Host, p.allowList, p.denyList, deadline)
 	if err != nil {
-		p.logger.WarnContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("CONNECT blocked for '%s': %s", req.Host, err))
+		if isClientCancellation(req.Context(), err) {
+			p.logger.DebugContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("CONNECT abandoned by client for '%s': %s", req.Host, err))
+		} else {
+			p.logger.WarnContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("CONNECT blocked for '%s': %s", req.Host, err))
+		}
 		http.Error(w, "CONNECT blocked", http.StatusForbidden)
 		return
 	}

+	// When the operator routes egress through an authenticated proxy,
+	// Chromium cannot supply the credentials itself, so the pinning proxy
+	// performs the CONNECT (and authentication) upstream. The decision above
+	// still gated the destination through the allow/deny and IP-class rules.
+	var proxyURL *url.URL
+	if p.upstreamProxy != nil {
+		proxyURL, err = p.upstreamProxy(&url.URL{Scheme: "https", Host: req.Host})
+		if err != nil {
+			p.logger.WarnContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("resolve upstream proxy for '%s': %s", req.Host, err))
+			http.Error(w, "upstream proxy error", http.StatusBadGateway)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	var upstream net.Conn
 	switch {
+	case proxyURL != nil:
+		upstream, err = p.dialThroughUpstreamProxy(req.Context(), proxyURL, req.Host)
 	case decision.Bypass:
 		upstream, err = p.dialBypass(req.Context(), "tcp", req.Host)
 	case len(decision.Pinned) > 0:
@@ -194,7 +232,11 @@ func (p *pinningProxy) handleConnect(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 		err = errors.New("no pinned addresses and not bypassed")
 	}
 	if err != nil {
-		p.logger.WarnContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("CONNECT dial failed for '%s': %s", req.Host, err))
+		if isClientCancellation(req.Context(), err) {
+			p.logger.DebugContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("CONNECT dial abandoned by client for '%s': %s", req.Host, err))
+		} else {
+			p.logger.WarnContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("CONNECT dial failed for '%s': %s", req.Host, err))
+		}
 		http.Error(w, "upstream dial failed", http.StatusBadGateway)
 		return
 	}
@@ -214,7 +256,11 @@ func (p *pinningProxy) handleConnect(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {

 	_, err = client.Write([]byte("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n\r\n"))
 	if err != nil {
-		p.logger.WarnContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("write CONNECT ack: %s", err))
+		if isClientCancellation(req.Context(), err) {
+			p.logger.DebugContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("write CONNECT ack abandoned by client: %s", err))
+		} else {
+			p.logger.WarnContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("write CONNECT ack: %s", err))
+		}
 		return
 	}

@@ -254,22 +300,44 @@ func (p *pinningProxy) handleForward(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {

 	decision, err := p.decide(req.Context(), req.URL.String(), p.allowList, p.denyList, deadline)
 	if err != nil {
-		p.logger.WarnContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("forward blocked for '%s': %s", req.URL, err))
+		if isClientCancellation(req.Context(), err) {
+			p.logger.DebugContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("forward abandoned by client for '%s': %s", req.URL, err))
+		} else {
+			p.logger.WarnContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("forward blocked for '%s': %s", req.URL, err))
+		}
 		http.Error(w, "request blocked", http.StatusForbidden)
 		return
 	}

+	var proxyURL *url.URL
+	if p.upstreamProxy != nil {
+		proxyURL, err = p.upstreamProxy(req.URL)
+		if err != nil {
+			p.logger.WarnContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("resolve upstream proxy for '%s': %s", req.URL.Redacted(), err))
+			http.Error(w, "upstream proxy error", http.StatusBadGateway)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	outReq := req.Clone(req.Context())
 	outReq.RequestURI = ""
 	stripHopByHopHeaders(outReq.Header)

+	// Build a fresh transport per request. The decision contains the pinned
+	// IPs to dial; reusing a transport across requests would leak the
+	// decision's closure across unrelated targets.
 	transport := &http.Transport{
-		// Build a fresh transport per request. The decision contains the
-		// pinned IPs to dial; reusing a transport across requests would
-		// leak the decision's closure across unrelated targets.
 		DisableKeepAlives: true,
-		Proxy:             nil,
-		DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	}
+	if proxyURL != nil {
+		// The upstream proxy owns DNS and egress; Go adds Proxy-Authorization
+		// from the URL's credentials. The decision above already gated the
+		// destination, and dialBypass dials the proxy host directly.
+		transport.Proxy = http.ProxyURL(proxyURL)
+		transport.DialContext = p.dialBypass
+	} else {
+		transport.Proxy = nil
+		transport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
 			_, port, splitErr := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
 			if splitErr != nil {
 				return nil, fmt.Errorf("split forward addr %q: %w", addr, splitErr)
@@ -282,13 +350,17 @@ func (p *pinningProxy) handleForward(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request) {
 			default:
 				return nil, errors.New("no pinned addresses and not bypassed")
 			}
-		},
+		}
 	}
 	defer transport.CloseIdleConnections()

 	resp, err := transport.RoundTrip(outReq)
 	if err != nil {
-		p.logger.WarnContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("forward RoundTrip failed for '%s': %s", req.URL, err))
+		if isClientCancellation(req.Context(), err) {
+			p.logger.DebugContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("forward RoundTrip abandoned by client for '%s': %s", req.URL, err))
+		} else {
+			p.logger.WarnContext(req.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("forward RoundTrip failed for '%s': %s", req.URL, err))
+		}
 		http.Error(w, "upstream error", http.StatusBadGateway)
 		return
 	}
@@ -326,3 +398,29 @@ func copyHeaders(dst, src http.Header) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+// isClientCancellation reports whether err originates from the client (for
+// example Chromium) closing the connection or letting the request deadline
+// pass before the proxy could finish validating the destination. Such
+// errors are not policy refusals: the proxy never reached an allow/deny
+// rule decision. Callers downgrade these to debug to avoid alarming
+// operators with noise from speculative or aborted browser requests. The
+// canonical case is a Chromium DNS prefetch that the browser drops before
+// the proxy's [outbound.resolveHost] call returns. The [net.DNSError]
+// returned by [net.Resolver.LookupNetIP] unwraps to [context.Canceled] or
+// [context.DeadlineExceeded] in that case, so an [errors.Is] walk catches
+// it.
+func isClientCancellation(ctx context.Context, err error) bool {
+	if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+		return true
+	}
+	return ctx.Err() != nil
+}
+
+// dialThroughUpstreamProxy tunnels to target through the upstream proxy,
+// letting [gotenberg.DialThroughProxy] perform the authenticated CONNECT that
+// Chromium cannot. dialBypass dials the proxy itself and is overridable in
+// tests. See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1592.
+func (p *pinningProxy) dialThroughUpstreamProxy(ctx context.Context, proxyURL *url.URL, target string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	return gotenberg.DialThroughProxy(ctx, proxyURL, target, p.dialBypass)
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/pinning_proxy_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/pinning_proxy_test.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"net/netip"
 	"net/url"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
@@ -22,6 +23,33 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
 )

+// recordingHandler is a slog.Handler that captures every record emitted
+// through it so tests can assert on the level and message of proxy logs.
+type recordingHandler struct {
+	mu      sync.Mutex
+	records []slog.Record
+}
+
+func (h *recordingHandler) Enabled(_ context.Context, _ slog.Level) bool { return true }
+
+func (h *recordingHandler) Handle(_ context.Context, r slog.Record) error {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+	h.records = append(h.records, r.Clone())
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (h *recordingHandler) WithAttrs(_ []slog.Attr) slog.Handler { return h }
+func (h *recordingHandler) WithGroup(_ string) slog.Handler      { return h }
+
+func (h *recordingHandler) snapshot() []slog.Record {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+	out := make([]slog.Record, len(h.records))
+	copy(out, h.records)
+	return out
+}
+
 func testLogger() *slog.Logger {
 	return slog.New(slog.NewTextHandler(io.Discard, nil))
 }
@@ -84,7 +112,7 @@ func TestPinningProxy_Forward_Pinned_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	upstreamURL := mustParseURL(t, upstream.URL)

 	var decideCalls atomic.Int32
-	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false)
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
 	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
 		decideCalls.Add(1)
 		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{Pinned: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")}}, nil
@@ -123,7 +151,7 @@ func TestPinningProxy_Forward_Pinned_Success(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestPinningProxy_Forward_BlockedByDecide(t *testing.T) {
-	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false)
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
 	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
 		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{}, fmt.Errorf("nope: %w", gotenberg.ErrFiltered)
 	}
@@ -159,7 +187,7 @@ func TestPinningProxy_Forward_Bypass(t *testing.T) {
 	upstreamURL := mustParseURL(t, upstream.URL)

 	var bypassCalls atomic.Int32
-	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false)
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
 	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
 		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{Bypass: true}, nil
 	}
@@ -208,7 +236,7 @@ func TestPinningProxy_Forward_StripsHopByHopHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Cleanup(upstream.Close)
 	upstreamURL := mustParseURL(t, upstream.URL)

-	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false)
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
 	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
 		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{Pinned: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")}}, nil
 	}
@@ -248,7 +276,7 @@ func TestPinningProxy_Forward_StripsHopByHopHeaders(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestPinningProxy_Forward_RejectsNonAbsoluteURL(t *testing.T) {
-	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false)
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
 	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
 		t.Fatal("decide must not be called for malformed proxy request")
 		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{}, nil
@@ -288,7 +316,7 @@ func TestPinningProxy_CONNECT_Pinned_Success(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Cleanup(stop)

 	var decideCalls atomic.Int32
-	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false)
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
 	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
 		decideCalls.Add(1)
 		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{Pinned: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")}}, nil
@@ -358,7 +386,7 @@ func TestPinningProxy_CONNECT_Pinned_Success(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestPinningProxy_CONNECT_BlockedByDecide(t *testing.T) {
-	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false)
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
 	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
 		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{}, fmt.Errorf("nope: %w", gotenberg.ErrFiltered)
 	}
@@ -417,7 +445,7 @@ func TestPinningProxy_DNSRebind_SingleResolution(t *testing.T) {
 		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{}, fmt.Errorf("rebind lookup: %w", gotenberg.ErrFiltered)
 	}

-	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false)
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
 	p.decide = stubDecide
 	p.dialPinned = func(_ context.Context, network string, addrs []netip.Addr, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
 		if len(addrs) != 1 || addrs[0].String() != "93.184.216.34" {
@@ -452,8 +480,395 @@ func TestPinningProxy_DNSRebind_SingleResolution(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

+// TestPinningProxy_CONNECT_ClientCancellation_LoggedAtDebug verifies that
+// when decide fails because the request context was canceled or its
+// deadline expired (the canonical case is Chromium dropping a speculative
+// CONNECT before the proxy finishes resolving the host), the proxy logs
+// at debug and not at warn. Policy refusals must still warn; see
+// [TestPinningProxy_CONNECT_BlockedByDecide].
+func TestPinningProxy_CONNECT_ClientCancellation_LoggedAtDebug(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recordingHandler{}
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
+	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
+		// Mimic the wrap chain produced by outbound.resolveHost when the
+		// DNS lookup is canceled mid-flight by Chromium hanging up.
+		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{}, fmt.Errorf("validate '%s' host: resolve %q: lookup %s: %w", "https://www.google.com:443", "www.google.com", "www.google.com", context.Canceled)
+	}
+
+	err := p.Start(slog.New(rec))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("start pinning proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = p.Stop(slog.New(rec)) })
+	proxyURL := p.URL()
+
+	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", strings.TrimPrefix(proxyURL, "http://"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dial proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+
+	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(conn, "CONNECT www.google.com:443 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com:443\r\n\r\n")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write CONNECT: %v", err)
+	}
+	resp, err := http.ReadResponse(bufio.NewReader(conn), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read response: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusForbidden {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 403", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	records := rec.snapshot()
+	var found bool
+	for _, r := range records {
+		if !strings.Contains(r.Message, "www.google.com:443") {
+			continue
+		}
+		found = true
+		if r.Level != slog.LevelDebug {
+			t.Fatalf("record level = %v, want Debug; message: %s", r.Level, r.Message)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(r.Message, "abandoned") {
+			t.Fatalf("message = %q, want it to mention abandoned", r.Message)
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Fatal("expected a log record mentioning www.google.com:443, found none")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPinningProxy_Forward_ClientCancellation_LoggedAtDebug is the
+// handleForward equivalent of
+// [TestPinningProxy_CONNECT_ClientCancellation_LoggedAtDebug]. Plain
+// HTTP forward requests aborted by the client must also log at debug.
+func TestPinningProxy_Forward_ClientCancellation_LoggedAtDebug(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recordingHandler{}
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
+	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
+		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{}, fmt.Errorf("validate host: %w", context.DeadlineExceeded)
+	}
+
+	err := p.Start(slog.New(rec))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("start pinning proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = p.Stop(slog.New(rec)) })
+	proxyURL := p.URL()
+
+	client := &http.Client{
+		Transport: &http.Transport{Proxy: http.ProxyURL(mustParseURL(t, proxyURL))},
+		Timeout:   5 * time.Second,
+	}
+	resp, err := client.Get("http://www.google.com/")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GET via proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusForbidden {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 403", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	records := rec.snapshot()
+	var found bool
+	for _, r := range records {
+		if !strings.Contains(r.Message, "www.google.com") {
+			continue
+		}
+		found = true
+		if r.Level != slog.LevelDebug {
+			t.Fatalf("record level = %v, want Debug; message: %s", r.Level, r.Message)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(r.Message, "abandoned") {
+			t.Fatalf("message = %q, want it to mention abandoned", r.Message)
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Fatal("expected a log record mentioning www.google.com, found none")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPinningProxy_PolicyDenial_LoggedAtWarn protects the existing
+// behavior: a deny-list match (or any non-cancellation decide error) must
+// still surface at warn level so operators see real refusals.
+func TestPinningProxy_PolicyDenial_LoggedAtWarn(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recordingHandler{}
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
+	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
+		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{}, fmt.Errorf("denied: %w", gotenberg.ErrFiltered)
+	}
+
+	err := p.Start(slog.New(rec))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("start pinning proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = p.Stop(slog.New(rec)) })
+	proxyURL := p.URL()
+
+	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", strings.TrimPrefix(proxyURL, "http://"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dial proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+
+	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(conn, "CONNECT denied.example:443 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: denied.example:443\r\n\r\n")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write CONNECT: %v", err)
+	}
+	resp, err := http.ReadResponse(bufio.NewReader(conn), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read response: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	records := rec.snapshot()
+	var found bool
+	for _, r := range records {
+		if !strings.Contains(r.Message, "denied.example") {
+			continue
+		}
+		found = true
+		if r.Level != slog.LevelWarn {
+			t.Fatalf("record level = %v, want Warn; message: %s", r.Level, r.Message)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(r.Message, "blocked") {
+			t.Fatalf("message = %q, want it to mention blocked", r.Message)
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Fatal("expected a log record mentioning denied.example, found none")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPinningProxy_CONNECT_DialCancellation_LoggedAtDebug verifies that
+// when the upstream dial fails because the request context was canceled
+// (typically Chromium dropping a speculative CONNECT before a slow IPv6
+// dial completes), the proxy logs at debug rather than warn. Genuine
+// dial failures must still warn; see
+// [TestPinningProxy_CONNECT_DialFailure_LoggedAtWarn].
+func TestPinningProxy_CONNECT_DialCancellation_LoggedAtDebug(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recordingHandler{}
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
+	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
+		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{Pinned: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")}}, nil
+	}
+	p.dialPinned = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ []netip.Addr, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
+		// Mimic a dial canceled mid-flight by the client hanging up,
+		// which is what net.Dialer returns when ctx.Err() is Canceled.
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dial tcp [2001:4860:482b:7700::]:443: %w", context.Canceled)
+	}
+
+	err := p.Start(slog.New(rec))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("start pinning proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = p.Stop(slog.New(rec)) })
+	proxyURL := p.URL()
+
+	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", strings.TrimPrefix(proxyURL, "http://"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dial proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+
+	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(conn, "CONNECT www.google.com:443 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: www.google.com:443\r\n\r\n")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write CONNECT: %v", err)
+	}
+	resp, err := http.ReadResponse(bufio.NewReader(conn), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read response: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusBadGateway {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 502", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	records := rec.snapshot()
+	var found bool
+	for _, r := range records {
+		if !strings.Contains(r.Message, "CONNECT dial") || !strings.Contains(r.Message, "www.google.com:443") {
+			continue
+		}
+		found = true
+		if r.Level != slog.LevelDebug {
+			t.Fatalf("record level = %v, want Debug; message: %s", r.Level, r.Message)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(r.Message, "abandoned") {
+			t.Fatalf("message = %q, want it to mention abandoned", r.Message)
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Fatal("expected a log record mentioning CONNECT dial for www.google.com:443, found none")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPinningProxy_CONNECT_DialFailure_LoggedAtWarn guards the existing
+// behavior: a genuine dial failure (host unreachable, refused, etc.)
+// must still warn so operators see real problems.
+func TestPinningProxy_CONNECT_DialFailure_LoggedAtWarn(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recordingHandler{}
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
+	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
+		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{Pinned: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")}}, nil
+	}
+	p.dialPinned = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ []netip.Addr, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
+		return nil, errors.New("connection refused")
+	}
+
+	err := p.Start(slog.New(rec))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("start pinning proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = p.Stop(slog.New(rec)) })
+	proxyURL := p.URL()
+
+	conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", strings.TrimPrefix(proxyURL, "http://"))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("dial proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	_ = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+
+	_, err = fmt.Fprintf(conn, "CONNECT real.example:443 HTTP/1.1\r\nHost: real.example:443\r\n\r\n")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write CONNECT: %v", err)
+	}
+	resp, err := http.ReadResponse(bufio.NewReader(conn), nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read response: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	records := rec.snapshot()
+	var found bool
+	for _, r := range records {
+		if !strings.Contains(r.Message, "CONNECT dial") || !strings.Contains(r.Message, "real.example") {
+			continue
+		}
+		found = true
+		if r.Level != slog.LevelWarn {
+			t.Fatalf("record level = %v, want Warn; message: %s", r.Level, r.Message)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(r.Message, "failed") {
+			t.Fatalf("message = %q, want it to mention failed", r.Message)
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Fatal("expected a log record mentioning CONNECT dial for real.example, found none")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestPinningProxy_Forward_RoundTripCancellation_LoggedAtDebug verifies
+// the handleForward dial-cancellation path: when the inner Transport's
+// dial returns a canceled error (client hung up mid-dial), the proxy
+// logs at debug, not warn. Genuine RoundTrip failures still warn.
+func TestPinningProxy_Forward_RoundTripCancellation_LoggedAtDebug(t *testing.T) {
+	rec := &recordingHandler{}
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
+	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
+		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{Pinned: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")}}, nil
+	}
+	p.dialPinned = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ []netip.Addr, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("dial tcp [2001:4860::]:80: %w", context.Canceled)
+	}
+
+	err := p.Start(slog.New(rec))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("start pinning proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	t.Cleanup(func() { _ = p.Stop(slog.New(rec)) })
+	proxyURL := p.URL()
+
+	client := &http.Client{
+		Transport: &http.Transport{Proxy: http.ProxyURL(mustParseURL(t, proxyURL))},
+		Timeout:   5 * time.Second,
+	}
+	resp, err := client.Get("http://www.google.com/")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GET via proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusBadGateway {
+		t.Fatalf("status = %d, want 502", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	records := rec.snapshot()
+	var found bool
+	for _, r := range records {
+		if !strings.Contains(r.Message, "forward RoundTrip") || !strings.Contains(r.Message, "www.google.com") {
+			continue
+		}
+		found = true
+		if r.Level != slog.LevelDebug {
+			t.Fatalf("record level = %v, want Debug; message: %s", r.Level, r.Message)
+		}
+		if !strings.Contains(r.Message, "abandoned") {
+			t.Fatalf("message = %q, want it to mention abandoned", r.Message)
+		}
+	}
+	if !found {
+		t.Fatal("expected a log record mentioning forward RoundTrip for www.google.com, found none")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsClientCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	canceledCtx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		ctx  context.Context
+		err  error
+		want bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "wrapped context.Canceled",
+			ctx:  context.Background(),
+			err:  fmt.Errorf("validate host: %w", context.Canceled),
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "wrapped context.DeadlineExceeded",
+			ctx:  context.Background(),
+			err:  fmt.Errorf("validate host: %w", context.DeadlineExceeded),
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "request context already done",
+			ctx:  canceledCtx,
+			err:  errors.New("some unrelated error"),
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "policy denial",
+			ctx:  context.Background(),
+			err:  fmt.Errorf("denied: %w", gotenberg.ErrFiltered),
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "plain dial failure",
+			ctx:  context.Background(),
+			err:  errors.New("connection refused"),
+			want: false,
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := isClientCancellation(tc.ctx, tc.err)
+			if got != tc.want {
+				t.Fatalf("isClientCancellation = %v, want %v", got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
 func TestPinningProxy_StartTwice(t *testing.T) {
-	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false)
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
 	err := p.Start(testLogger())
 	if err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("first Start: %v", err)
@@ -467,7 +882,7 @@ func TestPinningProxy_StartTwice(t *testing.T) {
 }

 func TestPinningProxy_StopIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
-	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false)
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, false)
 	// Stop on a never-started proxy is a no-op.
 	if err := p.Stop(testLogger()); err != nil {
 		t.Fatalf("Stop on never-started proxy: %v", err)
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/pinning_proxy_upstream_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/pinning_proxy_upstream_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package chromium
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/netip"
+	"net/url"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/dlclark/regexp2"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
+)
+
+// TestPinningProxy_Forward_ThroughUpstreamProxy verifies that when the
+// operator opts into proxy-environment honoring, a plain HTTP request is
+// forwarded through the upstream (corporate) proxy with the credentials
+// Chromium cannot supply. See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1592.
+func TestPinningProxy_Forward_ThroughUpstreamProxy(t *testing.T) {
+	var gotAuth atomic.Value
+	gotAuth.Store("")
+
+	// Stand-in for the corporate proxy: an HTTP server that receives the
+	// forwarded request and records the injected Proxy-Authorization.
+	upstream := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		gotAuth.Store(r.Header.Get("Proxy-Authorization"))
+		_, _ = fmt.Fprint(w, "via-corporate-proxy")
+	}))
+	t.Cleanup(upstream.Close)
+
+	upstreamURL := mustParseURL(t, upstream.URL)
+	upstreamURL.User = url.UserPassword("bob", "pw")
+
+	p := newPinningProxy(nil, nil, false, false, true)
+	// Force every destination through our stub upstream proxy.
+	p.upstreamProxy = func(_ *url.URL) (*url.URL, error) { return upstreamURL, nil }
+	p.decide = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _, _ []*regexp2.Regexp, _ time.Time) (gotenberg.OutboundDecision, error) {
+		return gotenberg.OutboundDecision{Pinned: []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("127.0.0.1")}}, nil
+	}
+	p.dialPinned = func(_ context.Context, _ string, _ []netip.Addr, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
+		t.Fatal("dialPinned must not be called when routing through an upstream proxy")
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	proxyURL := newProxyForTest(t, p)
+
+	client := &http.Client{
+		Transport: &http.Transport{Proxy: http.ProxyURL(mustParseURL(t, proxyURL))},
+		Timeout:   5 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	resp, err := client.Get("http://example.com/")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GET via proxy: %v", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("read body: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(body) != "via-corporate-proxy" {
+		t.Fatalf("body = %q, want via-corporate-proxy", body)
+	}
+
+	wantAuth := "Basic " + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("bob:pw"))
+	if got := gotAuth.Load().(string); got != wantAuth {
+		t.Fatalf("upstream proxy saw Proxy-Authorization %q, want %q", got, wantAuth)
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/routes.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/routes.go
@@ -341,11 +341,12 @@ func FormDataChromiumScreenshotOptions(ctx *api.Context) (*api.FormData, Screens
 	defaultScreenshotOptions := DefaultScreenshotOptions()

 	var (
-		width, height    int
-		clip             bool
-		format           string
-		quality          int
-		optimizeForSpeed bool
+		width, height     int
+		clip              bool
+		format            string
+		quality           int
+		optimizeForSpeed  bool
+		deviceScaleFactor float64
 	)

 	form.
@@ -388,16 +389,18 @@ func FormDataChromiumScreenshotOptions(ctx *api.Context) (*api.FormData, Screens
 			quality = intValue
 			return nil
 		}).
-		Bool("optimizeForSpeed", &optimizeForSpeed, defaultScreenshotOptions.OptimizeForSpeed)
+		Bool("optimizeForSpeed", &optimizeForSpeed, defaultScreenshotOptions.OptimizeForSpeed).
+		Float64("deviceScaleFactor", &deviceScaleFactor, defaultScreenshotOptions.DeviceScaleFactor)

 	screenshotOptions := ScreenshotOptions{
-		Options:          options,
-		Width:            width,
-		Height:           height,
-		Clip:             clip,
-		Format:           format,
-		Quality:          quality,
-		OptimizeForSpeed: optimizeForSpeed,
+		Options:           options,
+		Width:             width,
+		Height:            height,
+		Clip:              clip,
+		Format:            format,
+		Quality:           quality,
+		OptimizeForSpeed:  optimizeForSpeed,
+		DeviceScaleFactor: deviceScaleFactor,
 	}

 	return form, screenshotOptions
@@ -443,7 +446,7 @@ func convertUrlRoute(chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			mode := pdfengines.FormDataPdfSplitMode(form, false)
 			pdfFormats := pdfengines.FormDataPdfFormats(form)
 			metadata := pdfengines.FormDataPdfMetadata(form, false)
-			userPassword, ownerPassword := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)
+			encrypt := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)
 			embedPaths := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEmbeds(form)
 			watermark := pdfengines.FormDataPdfWatermark(form, false)
 			watermarkFile := pdfengines.FormDataPdfWatermarkFile(form)
@@ -451,6 +454,7 @@ func convertUrlRoute(chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			stampFile := pdfengines.FormDataPdfStampFile(form)
 			rotateAngle, rotatePages := pdfengines.FormDataPdfRotate(form, false)
 			embedsMetadata := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEmbedsMetadata(form)
+			facturX, facturxXmlPath := pdfengines.FormDataPdfFacturX(form)

 			var url string
 			err := form.
@@ -474,7 +478,7 @@ func convertUrlRoute(chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 				return fmt.Errorf("validate stamp: %w", err)
 			}

-			err = convertUrl(ctx, chromium, engine, url, options, mode, pdfFormats, metadata, userPassword, ownerPassword, embedPaths, embedsMetadata, watermark, stamp, rotateAngle, rotatePages)
+			err = convertUrl(ctx, chromium, engine, url, options, mode, pdfFormats, metadata, encrypt, embedPaths, embedsMetadata, facturX, facturxXmlPath, watermark, stamp, rotateAngle, rotatePages)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("convert URL to PDF: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -531,7 +535,7 @@ func convertHtmlRoute(chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			mode := pdfengines.FormDataPdfSplitMode(form, false)
 			pdfFormats := pdfengines.FormDataPdfFormats(form)
 			metadata := pdfengines.FormDataPdfMetadata(form, false)
-			userPassword, ownerPassword := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)
+			encrypt := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)
 			embedPaths := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEmbeds(form)
 			watermark := pdfengines.FormDataPdfWatermark(form, false)
 			watermarkFile := pdfengines.FormDataPdfWatermarkFile(form)
@@ -539,6 +543,7 @@ func convertHtmlRoute(chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			stampFile := pdfengines.FormDataPdfStampFile(form)
 			rotateAngle, rotatePages := pdfengines.FormDataPdfRotate(form, false)
 			embedsMetadata := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEmbedsMetadata(form)
+			facturX, facturxXmlPath := pdfengines.FormDataPdfFacturX(form)

 			var inputPath string
 			err := form.
@@ -559,7 +564,7 @@ func convertHtmlRoute(chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {

 			url := fmt.Sprintf("file://%s", inputPath)
 			options.AllowedFilePrefixes = []string{ctx.DirPath()}
-			err = convertUrl(ctx, chromium, engine, url, options, mode, pdfFormats, metadata, userPassword, ownerPassword, embedPaths, embedsMetadata, watermark, stamp, rotateAngle, rotatePages)
+			err = convertUrl(ctx, chromium, engine, url, options, mode, pdfFormats, metadata, encrypt, embedPaths, embedsMetadata, facturX, facturxXmlPath, watermark, stamp, rotateAngle, rotatePages)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("convert HTML to PDF: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -613,7 +618,7 @@ func convertMarkdownRoute(chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			mode := pdfengines.FormDataPdfSplitMode(form, false)
 			pdfFormats := pdfengines.FormDataPdfFormats(form)
 			metadata := pdfengines.FormDataPdfMetadata(form, false)
-			userPassword, ownerPassword := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)
+			encrypt := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)
 			embedPaths := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEmbeds(form)
 			watermark := pdfengines.FormDataPdfWatermark(form, false)
 			watermarkFile := pdfengines.FormDataPdfWatermarkFile(form)
@@ -621,6 +626,7 @@ func convertMarkdownRoute(chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			stampFile := pdfengines.FormDataPdfStampFile(form)
 			rotateAngle, rotatePages := pdfengines.FormDataPdfRotate(form, false)
 			embedsMetadata := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEmbedsMetadata(form)
+			facturX, facturxXmlPath := pdfengines.FormDataPdfFacturX(form)

 			var (
 				inputPath     string
@@ -650,7 +656,7 @@ func convertMarkdownRoute(chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			}

 			options.AllowedFilePrefixes = []string{ctx.DirPath()}
-			err = convertUrl(ctx, chromium, engine, url, options, mode, pdfFormats, metadata, userPassword, ownerPassword, embedPaths, embedsMetadata, watermark, stamp, rotateAngle, rotatePages)
+			err = convertUrl(ctx, chromium, engine, url, options, mode, pdfFormats, metadata, encrypt, embedPaths, embedsMetadata, facturX, facturxXmlPath, watermark, stamp, rotateAngle, rotatePages)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("convert markdown to PDF: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -775,7 +781,7 @@ func markdownToHtml(ctx *api.Context, inputPath string, markdownPaths []string)
 	return fmt.Sprintf("file://%s", inputPath), nil
 }

-func convertUrl(ctx *api.Context, chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine, url string, options PdfOptions, mode gotenberg.SplitMode, pdfFormats gotenberg.PdfFormats, metadata map[string]any, userPassword, ownerPassword string, embedPaths []string, embedsMetadata map[string]map[string]string, watermark, stamp gotenberg.Stamp, rotateAngle int, rotatePages string) error {
+func convertUrl(ctx *api.Context, chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine, url string, options PdfOptions, mode gotenberg.SplitMode, pdfFormats gotenberg.PdfFormats, metadata map[string]any, encrypt gotenberg.EncryptOptions, embedPaths []string, embedsMetadata map[string]map[string]string, facturX gotenberg.FacturX, facturxXmlPath string, watermark, stamp gotenberg.Stamp, rotateAngle int, rotatePages string) error {
 	outputPath := ctx.GeneratePath(".pdf")
 	// See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1130.
 	filename := ctx.OutputFilename(outputPath)
@@ -837,7 +843,17 @@ func convertUrl(ctx *api.Context, chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine, url
 		return fmt.Errorf("convert to PDF: %w", err)
 	}

-	err = pdfengines.ValidatePdfFormatsCompat(pdfFormats, userPassword, embedPaths)
+	err = pdfengines.ValidatePdfFormatsCompat(pdfFormats, encrypt.UserPassword, embedPaths)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = pdfengines.ValidatePdfEncryptCompat(encrypt)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	err = pdfengines.ValidateFacturXCompat(facturX, facturxXmlPath, pdfFormats)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -862,6 +878,8 @@ func convertUrl(ctx *api.Context, chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine, url
 		return fmt.Errorf("rotate PDFs: %w", err)
 	}

+	pdfFormats = pdfengines.FacturXPdfFormats(ctx, engine, facturX, pdfFormats, true, nil)
+
 	convertOutputPaths, err := pdfengines.ConvertStub(ctx, engine, pdfFormats, outputPaths)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("convert PDF(s): %w", err)
@@ -884,7 +902,12 @@ func convertUrl(ctx *api.Context, chromium Api, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine, url
 		return fmt.Errorf("set embeds metadata: %w", err)
 	}

-	err = pdfengines.EncryptPdfStub(ctx, engine, userPassword, ownerPassword, convertOutputPaths)
+	err = pdfengines.ApplyFacturXStub(ctx, engine, facturX, facturxXmlPath, convertOutputPaths)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("apply Factur-X: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = pdfengines.EncryptPdfStub(ctx, engine, encrypt, convertOutputPaths)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("encrypt PDFs: %w", err)
 	}
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/tasks.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/tasks.go
@@ -14,104 +14,169 @@ import (
 	"github.com/chromedp/cdproto/network"
 	"github.com/chromedp/cdproto/page"
 	"github.com/chromedp/chromedp"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
 )

-func printToPdfActionFunc(logger *slog.Logger, outputPath string, options PdfOptions) chromedp.ActionFunc {
+// resolvePdfOptions applies the cross-option constraints Chromium imposes
+// before printing.
+//
+// Chromium derives the PDF document outline from the tagged-PDF structure
+// tree, so [PdfOptions.GenerateDocumentOutline] produces no outline unless
+// tagged PDF is also generated. Requesting an outline therefore implies
+// tagged PDF. See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1579.
+func resolvePdfOptions(options PdfOptions) PdfOptions {
+	if options.GenerateDocumentOutline {
+		options.GenerateTaggedPdf = true
+	}
+
+	return options
+}
+
+func printToPdfActionFunc(reqCtx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, outputPath string, options PdfOptions) chromedp.ActionFunc {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
-		paperHeight := options.PaperHeight
-		pageRanges := options.PageRanges
-
-		if options.SinglePage {
-			logger.DebugContext(ctx, "single page PDF")
-
-			_, _, _, _, _, cssContentSize, err := page.GetLayoutMetrics().Do(ctx)
-			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("get layout metrics: %w", err)
-			}
-
-			// There are 96 CSS pixels per inch.
-			// See https://issues.chromium.org/issues/40267771#comment14.
-			// We add top and bottom margins so that the content area
-			// is large enough to fit the entire content.
-			paperHeight = (cssContentSize.Height / 96) + options.MarginTop + options.MarginBottom
-			pageRanges = "1" // little dirty hack to avoid leftovers.
+		if options.GenerateDocumentOutline && !options.GenerateTaggedPdf {
+			logger.DebugContext(ctx, "document outline requested, enabling tagged PDF because Chromium derives the outline from the structure tree")
 		}

-		printToPdf := page.PrintToPDF().
-			WithTransferMode(page.PrintToPDFTransferModeReturnAsStream).
-			WithLandscape(options.Landscape).
-			WithPrintBackground(options.PrintBackground).
-			WithScale(options.Scale).
-			WithPaperWidth(options.PaperWidth).
-			WithPaperHeight(paperHeight).
-			WithMarginTop(options.MarginTop).
-			WithMarginBottom(options.MarginBottom).
-			WithMarginLeft(options.MarginLeft).
-			WithMarginRight(options.MarginRight).
-			WithPageRanges(pageRanges).
-			WithPreferCSSPageSize(options.PreferCssPageSize).
-			WithGenerateDocumentOutline(options.GenerateDocumentOutline).
-			// See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1210.
-			WithGenerateTaggedPDF(options.GenerateTaggedPdf)
+		options = resolvePdfOptions(options)

-		hasCustomHeaderFooter := options.HeaderTemplate != DefaultPdfOptions().HeaderTemplate ||
-			options.FooterTemplate != DefaultPdfOptions().FooterTemplate
+		// ctx is the chromedp task context, derived from context.Background(),
+		// so the span is started under reqCtx to keep print_to_pdf in the
+		// conversion trace instead of orphaning it into a new one.
+		_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(reqCtx, "chromium.print_to_pdf",
+			trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
+			trace.WithAttributes(printToPdfAttrs(options)...),
+		)
+		defer span.End()

-		if !hasCustomHeaderFooter {
-			logger.DebugContext(ctx, "no custom header nor footer")
+		err := func() error {
+			paperHeight := options.PaperHeight
+			pageRanges := options.PageRanges

-			printToPdf = printToPdf.WithDisplayHeaderFooter(false)
+			if options.SinglePage {
+				logger.DebugContext(ctx, "single page PDF")
+
+				_, _, _, _, _, cssContentSize, err := page.GetLayoutMetrics().Do(ctx)
+				if err != nil {
+					return fmt.Errorf("get layout metrics: %w", err)
+				}
+
+				// There are 96 CSS pixels per inch.
+				// See https://issues.chromium.org/issues/40267771#comment14.
+				// We add top and bottom margins so that the content area
+				// is large enough to fit the entire content.
+				paperHeight = (cssContentSize.Height / 96) + options.MarginTop + options.MarginBottom
+				pageRanges = "1" // little dirty hack to avoid leftovers.
+			}
+
+			printToPdf := page.PrintToPDF().
+				WithTransferMode(page.PrintToPDFTransferModeReturnAsStream).
+				WithLandscape(options.Landscape).
+				WithPrintBackground(options.PrintBackground).
+				WithScale(options.Scale).
+				WithPaperWidth(options.PaperWidth).
+				WithPaperHeight(paperHeight).
+				WithMarginTop(options.MarginTop).
+				WithMarginBottom(options.MarginBottom).
+				WithMarginLeft(options.MarginLeft).
+				WithMarginRight(options.MarginRight).
+				WithPageRanges(pageRanges).
+				WithPreferCSSPageSize(options.PreferCssPageSize).
+				WithGenerateDocumentOutline(options.GenerateDocumentOutline).
+				// See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1210.
+				WithGenerateTaggedPDF(options.GenerateTaggedPdf)
+
+			hasCustomHeaderFooter := options.HeaderTemplate != DefaultPdfOptions().HeaderTemplate ||
+				options.FooterTemplate != DefaultPdfOptions().FooterTemplate
+
+			if !hasCustomHeaderFooter {
+				logger.DebugContext(ctx, "no custom header nor footer")
+
+				printToPdf = printToPdf.WithDisplayHeaderFooter(false)
+			} else {
+				logger.DebugContext(ctx, "with custom header and/or footer")
+
+				printToPdf = printToPdf.
+					WithDisplayHeaderFooter(true).
+					WithHeaderTemplate(options.HeaderTemplate).
+					WithFooterTemplate(options.FooterTemplate)
+			}
+
+			logger.DebugContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("print to PDF with: %+v", printToPdf))
+
+			_, stream, err := printToPdf.Do(ctx)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("print to PDF: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			reader := &streamReader{
+				ctx:    ctx,
+				handle: stream,
+				r:      nil,
+				pos:    0,
+				eof:    false,
+			}
+
+			defer func() {
+				err = reader.Close()
+				if err != nil {
+					logger.ErrorContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("close reader: %s", err))
+				}
+			}()
+
+			file, err := os.OpenFile(outputPath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0o600)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("open output path: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			defer func() {
+				err = file.Close()
+				if err != nil {
+					logger.ErrorContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("close output path: %s", err))
+				}
+			}()
+
+			buffer := bufio.NewReader(reader)
+
+			_, err = buffer.WriteTo(file)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("write result to output path: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		}()
+
+		if err != nil {
+			span.RecordError(err)
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 		} else {
-			logger.DebugContext(ctx, "with custom header and/or footer")
-
-			printToPdf = printToPdf.
-				WithDisplayHeaderFooter(true).
-				WithHeaderTemplate(options.HeaderTemplate).
-				WithFooterTemplate(options.FooterTemplate)
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
 		}

-		logger.DebugContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("print to PDF with: %+v", printToPdf))
+		return err
+	}
+}

-		_, stream, err := printToPdf.Do(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("print to PDF: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		reader := &streamReader{
-			ctx:    ctx,
-			handle: stream,
-			r:      nil,
-			pos:    0,
-			eof:    false,
-		}
-
-		defer func() {
-			err = reader.Close()
-			if err != nil {
-				logger.ErrorContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("close reader: %s", err))
-			}
-		}()
-
-		file, err := os.OpenFile(outputPath, os.O_CREATE|os.O_WRONLY, 0o600)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("open output path: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		defer func() {
-			err = file.Close()
-			if err != nil {
-				logger.ErrorContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("close output path: %s", err))
-			}
-		}()
-
-		buffer := bufio.NewReader(reader)
-
-		_, err = buffer.WriteTo(file)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("write result to output path: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		return nil
+// printToPdfAttrs derives bounded, low-cardinality attributes from the print
+// options. Raw header/footer templates and page ranges are reduced to booleans
+// to avoid leaking document content and exploding cardinality.
+func printToPdfAttrs(options PdfOptions) []attribute.KeyValue {
+	return []attribute.KeyValue{
+		attribute.Bool("gotenberg.chromium.print.landscape", options.Landscape),
+		attribute.Bool("gotenberg.chromium.print.print_background", options.PrintBackground),
+		attribute.Float64("gotenberg.chromium.print.scale", options.Scale),
+		attribute.Float64("gotenberg.chromium.print.paper_width", options.PaperWidth),
+		attribute.Float64("gotenberg.chromium.print.paper_height", options.PaperHeight),
+		attribute.Bool("gotenberg.chromium.print.single_page", options.SinglePage),
+		attribute.Bool("gotenberg.chromium.print.prefer_css_page_size", options.PreferCssPageSize),
+		attribute.Bool("gotenberg.chromium.print.generate_tagged_pdf", options.GenerateTaggedPdf),
+		attribute.Bool("gotenberg.chromium.print.has_page_ranges", options.PageRanges != ""),
+		attribute.Bool("gotenberg.chromium.print.has_header", options.HeaderTemplate != DefaultPdfOptions().HeaderTemplate),
+		attribute.Bool("gotenberg.chromium.print.has_footer", options.FooterTemplate != DefaultPdfOptions().FooterTemplate),
 	}
 }

@@ -164,11 +229,11 @@ func captureScreenshotActionFunc(logger *slog.Logger, outputPath string, options
 	}
 }

-func setDeviceMetricsOverride(logger *slog.Logger, width, height int) chromedp.ActionFunc {
+func setDeviceMetricsOverride(logger *slog.Logger, width, height int, deviceScaleFactor float64) chromedp.ActionFunc {
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger.DebugContext(ctx, "set device metrics override")

-		err := emulation.SetDeviceMetricsOverride(int64(width), int64(height), 1.0, false).Do(ctx)
+		err := emulation.SetDeviceMetricsOverride(int64(width), int64(height), deviceScaleFactor, false).Do(ctx)
 		if err == nil {
 			return nil
 		}
@@ -332,11 +397,13 @@ func navigateActionFunc(logger *slog.Logger, url string, skipNetworkIdleEvent, s
 	return func(ctx context.Context) error {
 		logger.DebugContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("navigate to '%s'", url))

-		_, _, _, _, err := page.Navigate(url).Do(ctx)
-		if err != nil {
-			return fmt.Errorf("navigate to '%s': %w", url, err)
-		}
-
+		// Register lifecycle listeners before issuing Page.navigate. For
+		// fast loads (typically file:// pages with no external
+		// sub-resources), DomContentEventFired / LoadEventFired /
+		// LoadingFinished can fire between Navigate.Do returning and
+		// runBatch spawning the waiter goroutines. Registering ahead of
+		// the navigate command closes that race.
+		// See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1561.
 		waitFunc := []func() error{
 			waitForEventDomContentEventFired(ctx, logger),
 			waitForEventLoadEventFired(ctx, logger),
@@ -355,6 +422,11 @@ func navigateActionFunc(logger *slog.Logger, url string, skipNetworkIdleEvent, s
 			logger.DebugContext(ctx, "skipping network almost idle event")
 		}

+		_, _, _, _, err := page.Navigate(url).Do(ctx)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("navigate to '%s': %w", url, err)
+		}
+
 		err = runBatch(
 			ctx,
 			waitFunc...,
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/tasks_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/tasks_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+package chromium
+
+import "testing"
+
+func TestResolvePdfOptions(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		scenario           string
+		generateOutline    bool
+		generateTaggedIn   bool
+		generateTaggedWant bool
+	}{
+		{
+			scenario:           "outline requested forces tagged PDF",
+			generateOutline:    true,
+			generateTaggedIn:   false,
+			generateTaggedWant: true,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:           "outline requested keeps tagged PDF on",
+			generateOutline:    true,
+			generateTaggedIn:   true,
+			generateTaggedWant: true,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:           "no outline leaves tagged PDF off",
+			generateOutline:    false,
+			generateTaggedIn:   false,
+			generateTaggedWant: false,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:           "no outline keeps tagged PDF on",
+			generateOutline:    false,
+			generateTaggedIn:   true,
+			generateTaggedWant: true,
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+			options := DefaultPdfOptions()
+			options.GenerateDocumentOutline = tc.generateOutline
+			options.GenerateTaggedPdf = tc.generateTaggedIn
+
+			got := resolvePdfOptions(options)
+
+			if got.GenerateTaggedPdf != tc.generateTaggedWant {
+				t.Errorf("expected GenerateTaggedPdf=%t, got %t", tc.generateTaggedWant, got.GenerateTaggedPdf)
+			}
+			if got.GenerateDocumentOutline != tc.generateOutline {
+				t.Errorf("expected GenerateDocumentOutline=%t, got %t", tc.generateOutline, got.GenerateDocumentOutline)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/chromium/version_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/chromium/version_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+package chromium
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
+)
+
+func TestChromiumDetectVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("prefers the build-time version without executing Chromium", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "chromium"), []byte("Chromium 146.0.7680.80\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("write version file: %v", err)
+		}
+		t.Setenv(gotenberg.BuildVersionsDirPathEnvVar, dir)
+
+		// A bogus binPath would error if executed, so a correct result proves
+		// the build-time file is used instead of running Chromium.
+		mod := &Chromium{args: browserArguments{binPath: "/nonexistent/chromium"}}
+		if got := mod.Debug()["version"]; got != "Chromium 146.0.7680.80" {
+			t.Errorf("Debug()[version] = %v, want the build-time value", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("falls back to executing Chromium when no build-time version", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(gotenberg.BuildVersionsDirPathEnvVar, "")
+
+		// With no build-time file and a bogus binPath, the exec fallback runs
+		// and records its error rather than a build-time value.
+		mod := &Chromium{args: browserArguments{binPath: "/nonexistent/chromium"}}
+		if got := mod.Debug()["version"]; got == "Chromium 146.0.7680.80" {
+			t.Errorf("Debug()[version] = %v, expected the exec fallback", got)
+		}
+	})
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/exiftool/exiftool.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/exiftool/exiftool.go
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@ import (
 	"os/exec"
 	"regexp"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"

+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
 	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.40.0"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
@@ -159,6 +161,9 @@ func buildExifToolWriteArgs(metadata map[string]any) ([]string, error) {
 // [gotenberg.PdfEngine] interface.
 type ExifTool struct {
 	binPath string
+
+	version     string
+	versionOnce sync.Once
 }

 // Descriptor returns [ExifTool]'s module descriptor.
@@ -193,26 +198,53 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) Validate() error {

 // Debug returns additional debug data.
 func (engine *ExifTool) Debug() map[string]any {
-	debug := make(map[string]any)
+	return map[string]any{"version": engine.detectVersion()}
+}

-	cmd := exec.Command(engine.binPath, "-ver") //nolint:gosec
-	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+// detectVersion resolves the ExifTool version once, preferring the value
+// captured at image build time so it never spawns ExifTool at runtime. It falls
+// back to running exiftool -ver for local or non-Docker builds.
+func (engine *ExifTool) detectVersion() string {
+	engine.versionOnce.Do(func() {
+		if v, ok := gotenberg.BuildVersion("exiftool"); ok {
+			engine.version = v
+			return
+		}

-	output, err := cmd.Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		debug["version"] = err.Error()
-		return debug
+		cmd := exec.Command(engine.binPath, "-ver") //nolint:gosec
+		cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+
+		output, err := cmd.Output()
+		if err != nil {
+			engine.version = err.Error()
+			return
+		}
+
+		engine.version = strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
+	})
+
+	return engine.version
+}
+
+// spanAttrs returns the client-span attributes for an ExifTool invocation: the
+// server address and the ExifTool version, plus any extra attributes. The
+// version rides on every span so a trace records which ExifTool ran the
+// operation.
+func (engine *ExifTool) spanAttrs(extra ...attribute.KeyValue) []attribute.KeyValue {
+	attrs := make([]attribute.KeyValue, 0, 2+len(extra))
+	attrs = append(attrs, semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath))
+	if v := engine.detectVersion(); v != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, attribute.String("gotenberg.exiftool.version", v))
 	}

-	debug["version"] = strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
-	return debug
+	return append(attrs, extra...)
 }

 // Merge is not available in this implementation.
 func (engine *ExifTool) Merge(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPaths []string, outputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.Merge",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -226,7 +258,7 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) Merge(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPat
 func (engine *ExifTool) Split(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, mode gotenberg.SplitMode, inputPath, outputDirPath string) ([]string, error) {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.Split",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -240,7 +272,7 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) Split(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, mode got
 func (engine *ExifTool) Flatten(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.Flatten",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -254,7 +286,7 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) Flatten(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputP
 func (engine *ExifTool) Convert(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, formats gotenberg.PdfFormats, inputPath, outputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.Convert",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -269,7 +301,7 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) Convert(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, format
 func (engine *ExifTool) ReadMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (map[string]any, error) {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.ReadMetadata",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -326,7 +358,7 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) ReadMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, i
 func (engine *ExifTool) WriteMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, metadata map[string]any, inputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.WriteMetadata",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -371,7 +403,7 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) WriteMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger,
 func (engine *ExifTool) PageCount(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (int, error) {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.PageCount",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -424,7 +456,7 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) PageCount(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inpu
 func (engine *ExifTool) WriteBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, bookmarks []gotenberg.Bookmark) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.WriteBookmarks",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -438,7 +470,7 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) WriteBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger,
 func (engine *ExifTool) ReadBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) ([]gotenberg.Bookmark, error) {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.ReadBookmarks",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -449,10 +481,10 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) ReadBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger,
 }

 // Encrypt is not available in this implementation.
-func (engine *ExifTool) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath, userPassword, ownerPassword string) error {
+func (engine *ExifTool) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, opts gotenberg.EncryptOptions) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.Encrypt",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -466,7 +498,7 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputP
 func (engine *ExifTool) EmbedFiles(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, filePaths []string, inputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.EmbedFiles",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -480,7 +512,7 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) EmbedFiles(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, fil
 func (engine *ExifTool) Watermark(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp gotenberg.Stamp) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.Watermark",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -494,7 +526,7 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) Watermark(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inpu
 func (engine *ExifTool) Stamp(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp gotenberg.Stamp) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.Stamp",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -508,7 +540,7 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) Stamp(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPat
 func (engine *ExifTool) Rotate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, angle int, pages string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "exiftool.Rotate",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -523,6 +555,16 @@ func (engine *ExifTool) EmbedFilesMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Log
 	return fmt.Errorf("set embeds metadata with ExifTool: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
 }

+// InjectFacturXXMP is not available in this implementation.
+func (engine *ExifTool) InjectFacturXXMP(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, facturX gotenberg.FacturX, inputPath string) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("inject Factur-X XMP with ExifTool: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
+}
+
+// ReadPdfAConformance is not available in this implementation.
+func (engine *ExifTool) ReadPdfAConformance(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (string, string, error) {
+	return "", "", fmt.Errorf("read PDF/A conformance with ExifTool: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
+}
+
 // Interface guards.
 var (
 	_ gotenberg.Module      = (*ExifTool)(nil)
--- a/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/api.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/api.go
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"

@@ -36,7 +37,7 @@ var (
 	ErrUnoException = errors.New("uno exception")

 	// ErrRuntimeException happens when unoconverter returns exit code 6.
-	ErrRuntimeException = errors.New("uno exception")
+	ErrRuntimeException = errors.New("runtime exception")

 	// ErrCoreDumped happens randomly; sometimes a conversion will work as
 	// expected, and some other time the same conversion will fail.
@@ -53,11 +54,15 @@ type Api struct {
 	libreOffice libreOffice
 	supervisor  gotenberg.ProcessSupervisor

+	version     string
+	versionOnce sync.Once
+
 	reqsCounter               metric.Int64Counter
 	errsCounter               metric.Int64Counter
 	conversionDurationCounter metric.Float64Histogram
 	queueWaitDurationCounter  metric.Float64Histogram
 	pdfOutputSizeCounter      metric.Int64Histogram
+	coreDumpedRetriesCounter  metric.Int64Counter
 }

 // Options gathers available options when converting a document to PDF.
@@ -331,6 +336,7 @@ func (a *Api) Descriptor() gotenberg.ModuleDescriptor {
 			fs.StringSlice("libreoffice-deny-list", []string{}, "Set the denied URLs for LibreOffice outbound fetches using regular expressions - supports multiple values")
 			fs.Bool("libreoffice-deny-private-ips", false, "Reject LibreOffice outbound URLs whose host resolves to a non-public IP address (loopback, RFC1918, link-local, unique-local). Enable on deployments that accept untrusted documents to mitigate SSRF against internal services")
 			fs.Bool("libreoffice-deny-public-ips", false, "Reject LibreOffice outbound URLs whose host resolves to a public IP address. Enable on air-gapped or data-governed deployments to prevent outbound traffic from leaving a private network")
+			fs.Bool("libreoffice-enable-environment-proxy", false, "Route LibreOffice outbound fetches through the proxy defined by the standard HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, and NO_PROXY variables, including credentials")

 			return fs
 		}(),
@@ -358,10 +364,11 @@ func (a *Api) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {
 		unoBinPath:   unoBinPath,
 		startTimeout: flags.MustDuration("libreoffice-start-timeout"),
 		proxyOptions: outboundProxyOptions{
-			allowList:      flags.MustRegexpSlice("libreoffice-allow-list"),
-			denyList:       flags.MustRegexpSlice("libreoffice-deny-list"),
-			denyPrivateIPs: flags.MustBool("libreoffice-deny-private-ips"),
-			denyPublicIPs:  flags.MustBool("libreoffice-deny-public-ips"),
+			allowList:              flags.MustRegexpSlice("libreoffice-allow-list"),
+			denyList:               flags.MustRegexpSlice("libreoffice-deny-list"),
+			denyPrivateIPs:         flags.MustBool("libreoffice-deny-private-ips"),
+			denyPublicIPs:          flags.MustBool("libreoffice-deny-public-ips"),
+			enableEnvironmentProxy: flags.MustBool("libreoffice-enable-environment-proxy"),
 		},
 	}

@@ -370,7 +377,7 @@ func (a *Api) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {

 	// Process.
 	a.libreOffice = newLibreOfficeProcess(a.args)
-	a.supervisor = gotenberg.NewProcessSupervisor(a.logger, a.libreOffice, flags.MustInt64("libreoffice-restart-after"), flags.MustInt64("libreoffice-max-queue-size"), 1, flags.MustDuration("libreoffice-idle-shutdown-timeout"))
+	a.supervisor = gotenberg.NewProcessSupervisor(a.logger, "libreoffice", a.libreOffice, flags.MustInt64("libreoffice-restart-after"), flags.MustInt64("libreoffice-max-queue-size"), 1, flags.MustDuration("libreoffice-idle-shutdown-timeout"))

 	// Metrics.
 	meter := gotenberg.Meter()
@@ -468,6 +475,15 @@ func (a *Api) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create libreoffice.pdf.output.size histogram: %w", err)
 	}

+	a.coreDumpedRetriesCounter, err = meter.Int64Counter(
+		"libreoffice.conversion.retries.total",
+		metric.WithDescription("Total number of LibreOffice conversion retries after a core dump"),
+		metric.WithUnit("{retry}"),
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create libreoffice.conversion.retries.total counter: %w", err)
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

@@ -477,12 +493,12 @@ func (a *Api) Validate() error {

 	_, statErr := os.Stat(a.args.binPath)
 	if os.IsNotExist(statErr) {
-		err = errors.Join(err, fmt.Errorf("LibreOffice binary path does not exist: %w", statErr))
+		err = errors.Join(err, fmt.Errorf("LibreOffice binary does not exist at %q; check the LIBREOFFICE_BIN_PATH environment variable: %w", a.args.binPath, statErr))
 	}

 	_, statErr = os.Stat(a.args.unoBinPath)
 	if os.IsNotExist(statErr) {
-		err = errors.Join(err, fmt.Errorf("unoconverter binary path does not exist: %w", statErr))
+		err = errors.Join(err, fmt.Errorf("unoconverter binary does not exist at %q; check the UNOCONVERTER_BIN_PATH environment variable: %w", a.args.unoBinPath, statErr))
 	}

 	return err
@@ -530,19 +546,46 @@ func (a *Api) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {

 // Debug returns additional debug data.
 func (a *Api) Debug() map[string]any {
-	debug := make(map[string]any)
+	return map[string]any{"version": a.detectVersion()}
+}

-	cmd := exec.Command(a.args.binPath, "--version") //nolint:gosec
-	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+// detectVersion resolves the LibreOffice version once, preferring the value
+// captured at image build time so it never spawns LibreOffice at runtime. It
+// falls back to running soffice --version for local or non-Docker builds.
+func (a *Api) detectVersion() string {
+	a.versionOnce.Do(func() {
+		if v, ok := gotenberg.BuildVersion("libreoffice-api"); ok {
+			a.version = v
+			return
+		}

-	output, err := cmd.Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		debug["version"] = err.Error()
-		return debug
+		cmd := exec.Command(a.args.binPath, "--version") //nolint:gosec
+		cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+
+		output, err := cmd.Output()
+		if err != nil {
+			a.version = err.Error()
+			return
+		}
+
+		a.version = strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
+	})
+
+	return a.version
+}
+
+// spanAttrs returns the client-span attributes for a LibreOffice invocation:
+// the server address and the LibreOffice version, plus any extra attributes.
+// The version rides on every conversion span so a trace records which
+// LibreOffice rendered the document.
+func (a *Api) spanAttrs(extra ...attribute.KeyValue) []attribute.KeyValue {
+	attrs := make([]attribute.KeyValue, 0, 2+len(extra))
+	attrs = append(attrs, semconv.ServerAddress(a.args.binPath))
+	if v := a.detectVersion(); v != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, attribute.String("gotenberg.libreoffice.version", v))
 	}

-	debug["version"] = strings.TrimSpace(string(output))
-	return debug
+	return append(attrs, extra...)
 }

 // Metrics returns the metrics.
@@ -618,76 +661,123 @@ func (a *Api) LibreOffice() (Uno, error) {
 func (a *Api) Pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath, outputPath string, options Options) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "libreoffice.Pdf",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(a.args.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(a.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

-	start := time.Now()
-	var conversionStart time.Time
+	span.SetAttributes(
+		attribute.Int64("gotenberg.queue.depth_at_arrival", a.supervisor.ReqQueueSize()),
+		attribute.Int64("gotenberg.conversions_since_last_restart", a.supervisor.ConversionsSinceRestart()),
+	)
+	span.SetAttributes(conversionRequestAttributes(inputPath, options)...)

-	err := a.supervisor.Run(ctx, logger, func() error {
-		conversionStart = time.Now()
-		return a.libreOffice.pdf(ctx, logger, inputPath, outputPath, options)
-	})
+	// ErrCoreDumped happens randomly (https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/639);
+	// retry the conversion, but cap the retries so a permanently failing
+	// document cannot loop forever. Each attempt records its own metrics.
+	const maxCoreDumpedRetries = 10

-	// Determine status and error reason.
-	status := "success"
-	reason := ""
+	var err error
+	var reason string
+	for attempt := 0; ; attempt++ {
+		start := time.Now()
+		var conversionStart time.Time

-	if err != nil {
-		switch {
-		case errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded):
-			status = "timeout"
-			reason = "timeout"
-		case errors.Is(err, context.Canceled):
+		err = a.supervisor.Run(ctx, logger, func() error {
+			conversionStart = time.Now()
+			return a.libreOffice.pdf(ctx, logger, inputPath, outputPath, options)
+		})
+
+		// Determine status and error reason.
+		status := "success"
+		reason = ""
+
+		if err != nil {
 			status = "error"
-			reason = "context_cancelled"
-		case errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrMaximumQueueSizeExceeded) || errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrProcessAlreadyRestarting):
-			status = "error"
-			reason = "libreoffice_unavailable"
-		default:
-			status = "error"
-			reason = "unknown"
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Record metrics.
-	attrs := metric.WithAttributes(attribute.String("status", status))
-	a.reqsCounter.Add(ctx, 1, attrs)
-
-	if reason != "" {
-		a.errsCounter.Add(ctx, 1, metric.WithAttributes(attribute.String("reason", reason)))
-	}
-
-	if !conversionStart.IsZero() {
-		queueWait := conversionStart.Sub(start).Seconds()
-		a.queueWaitDurationCounter.Record(ctx, queueWait, attrs)
-
-		conversionDuration := time.Since(conversionStart).Seconds()
-		a.conversionDurationCounter.Record(ctx, conversionDuration, attrs)
-	}
-
-	if err == nil {
-		stat, statErr := os.Stat(outputPath)
-		if statErr == nil {
-			a.pdfOutputSizeCounter.Record(ctx, stat.Size(), attrs)
+			if errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+				status = "timeout"
+			}
+			reason = libreofficeErrorType(err)
 		}

-		span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	// See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/639.
-	if errors.Is(err, ErrCoreDumped) {
-		logger.DebugContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("got a '%s' error, retry conversion", err))
-		return a.Pdf(ctx, logger, inputPath, outputPath, options)
+		// Record metrics for this attempt.
+		attrs := metric.WithAttributes(attribute.String("status", status))
+		a.reqsCounter.Add(ctx, 1, attrs)
+
+		if reason != "" {
+			a.errsCounter.Add(ctx, 1, metric.WithAttributes(attribute.String("reason", reason)))
+		}
+
+		if !conversionStart.IsZero() {
+			queueWait := conversionStart.Sub(start).Seconds()
+			a.queueWaitDurationCounter.Record(ctx, queueWait, attrs)
+
+			conversionDuration := time.Since(conversionStart).Seconds()
+			a.conversionDurationCounter.Record(ctx, conversionDuration, attrs)
+		}
+
+		if err == nil {
+			stat, statErr := os.Stat(outputPath)
+			if statErr == nil {
+				a.pdfOutputSizeCounter.Record(ctx, stat.Size(), attrs)
+				span.SetAttributes(attribute.Int64("gotenberg.conversion.output.bytes", stat.Size()))
+			}
+
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if errors.Is(err, ErrCoreDumped) && attempt < maxCoreDumpedRetries {
+			logger.DebugContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("got a '%s' error, retry conversion (attempt %d)", err, attempt+1))
+			span.AddEvent("conversion.retry", trace.WithAttributes(
+				attribute.Int("attempt", attempt+1),
+			))
+			a.coreDumpedRetriesCounter.Add(ctx, 1)
+			continue
+		}
+
+		break
 	}

+	gotenberg.SpanErrorType(span, reason)
 	span.RecordError(err)
 	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 	return fmt.Errorf("supervisor run task: %w", err)
 }

+// conversionRequestAttributes derives low-cardinality attributes describing the
+// requested conversion: the input document size and the requested PDF format
+// options.
+func conversionRequestAttributes(inputPath string, options Options) []attribute.KeyValue {
+	attrs := []attribute.KeyValue{
+		attribute.String("gotenberg.libreoffice.pdf_a", options.PdfFormats.PdfA),
+		attribute.Bool("gotenberg.libreoffice.pdf_ua", options.PdfFormats.PdfUa),
+		attribute.Bool("gotenberg.conversion.landscape", options.Landscape),
+		attribute.Bool("gotenberg.conversion.has_page_ranges", options.PageRanges != ""),
+	}
+
+	if info, err := os.Stat(inputPath); err == nil {
+		attrs = append(attrs, attribute.Int64("gotenberg.conversion.input.bytes", info.Size()))
+	}
+
+	return attrs
+}
+
+// libreofficeErrorType maps a conversion error to LibreOffice's bounded reason
+// value, reused as the span error.type. Generic failures fall back to
+// [gotenberg.ClassifyError].
+func libreofficeErrorType(err error) string {
+	switch {
+	case errors.Is(err, ErrInvalidPdfFormats):
+		return gotenberg.ErrorTypeInvalidInput
+	case errors.Is(err, ErrUnoException), errors.Is(err, ErrRuntimeException):
+		return "libreoffice_exception"
+	case errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrMaximumQueueSizeExceeded), errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrProcessAlreadyRestarting):
+		return "libreoffice_unavailable"
+	default:
+		return gotenberg.ClassifyError(err)
+	}
+}
+
 // Extensions returns the file extensions available for conversions.
 // FIXME: don't care, take all on the route level?
 func (a *Api) Extensions() []string {
--- a/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/api_request_attrs_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/api_request_attrs_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
+)
+
+func TestConversionRequestAttributes(t *testing.T) {
+	tmp := filepath.Join(t.TempDir(), "in.docx")
+	content := []byte("hello world")
+	if err := os.WriteFile(tmp, content, 0o600); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("write temp file: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	options := Options{
+		Landscape:  true,
+		PageRanges: "1-3",
+		PdfFormats: gotenberg.PdfFormats{PdfA: "PDF/A-2b", PdfUa: true},
+	}
+
+	got := map[string]any{}
+	for _, kv := range conversionRequestAttributes(tmp, options) {
+		got[string(kv.Key)] = kv.Value.AsInterface()
+	}
+
+	if got["gotenberg.libreoffice.pdf_a"] != "PDF/A-2b" {
+		t.Errorf("pdf_a = %v, want PDF/A-2b", got["gotenberg.libreoffice.pdf_a"])
+	}
+	if got["gotenberg.libreoffice.pdf_ua"] != true {
+		t.Errorf("pdf_ua = %v, want true", got["gotenberg.libreoffice.pdf_ua"])
+	}
+	if got["gotenberg.conversion.landscape"] != true {
+		t.Errorf("landscape = %v, want true", got["gotenberg.conversion.landscape"])
+	}
+	if got["gotenberg.conversion.has_page_ranges"] != true {
+		t.Errorf("has_page_ranges = %v, want true", got["gotenberg.conversion.has_page_ranges"])
+	}
+	if got["gotenberg.conversion.input.bytes"] != int64(len(content)) {
+		t.Errorf("input.bytes = %v, want %d", got["gotenberg.conversion.input.bytes"], len(content))
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/core_dumped_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/core_dumped_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"log/slog"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	sdkmetric "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/metric/metricdata"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
+)
+
+func sumInt64Counter(rm metricdata.ResourceMetrics, name string) int64 {
+	var total int64
+	for _, sm := range rm.ScopeMetrics {
+		for _, m := range sm.Metrics {
+			if m.Name != name {
+				continue
+			}
+			if sum, ok := m.Data.(metricdata.Sum[int64]); ok {
+				for _, dp := range sum.DataPoints {
+					total += dp.Value
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return total
+}
+
+func TestApi_Pdf_CoreDumpedRetryCap(t *testing.T) {
+	reader := sdkmetric.NewManualReader()
+	provider := sdkmetric.NewMeterProvider(sdkmetric.WithReader(reader))
+	previous := otel.GetMeterProvider()
+	otel.SetMeterProvider(provider)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { otel.SetMeterProvider(previous) })
+
+	var runCalls int
+	supervisor := &gotenberg.ProcessSupervisorMock{
+		RunMock: func(_ context.Context, _ *slog.Logger, _ func() error) error {
+			runCalls++
+			return ErrCoreDumped
+		},
+		ReqQueueSizeMock:            func() int64 { return 0 },
+		ConversionsSinceRestartMock: func() int64 { return 0 },
+	}
+
+	a := &Api{supervisor: supervisor}
+	meter := gotenberg.Meter()
+	a.reqsCounter, _ = meter.Int64Counter("libreoffice.requests.total")
+	a.errsCounter, _ = meter.Int64Counter("libreoffice.errors.total")
+	a.conversionDurationCounter, _ = meter.Float64Histogram("libreoffice.conversion.duration")
+	a.queueWaitDurationCounter, _ = meter.Float64Histogram("libreoffice.queue.wait.duration")
+	a.pdfOutputSizeCounter, _ = meter.Int64Histogram("libreoffice.pdf.output.size")
+	a.coreDumpedRetriesCounter, _ = meter.Int64Counter("libreoffice.conversion.retries.total")
+
+	err := a.Pdf(context.Background(), slog.New(slog.DiscardHandler), "/nonexistent/in.docx", "/tmp/out.pdf", Options{})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected an error after exhausting the retries")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, ErrCoreDumped) {
+		t.Errorf("expected ErrCoreDumped, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// 1 initial attempt + 10 retries.
+	if runCalls != 11 {
+		t.Errorf("supervisor.Run called %d times, want 11", runCalls)
+	}
+
+	var rm metricdata.ResourceMetrics
+	if err := reader.Collect(context.Background(), &rm); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("collect: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if retries := sumInt64Counter(rm, "libreoffice.conversion.retries.total"); retries != 10 {
+		t.Errorf("retries counter = %d, want 10", retries)
+	}
+	// Per-attempt request metric must be preserved: one per attempt.
+	if reqs := sumInt64Counter(rm, "libreoffice.requests.total"); reqs != 11 {
+		t.Errorf("requests counter = %d, want 11", reqs)
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/errortype_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/errortype_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package api
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
+)
+
+func TestLibreofficeErrorType(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		name string
+		err  error
+		want string
+	}{
+		{"deadline", context.DeadlineExceeded, "timeout"},
+		{"canceled", context.Canceled, "context_cancelled"},
+		{"invalid pdf formats", ErrInvalidPdfFormats, "invalid_input"},
+		{"uno exception", ErrUnoException, "libreoffice_exception"},
+		{"runtime exception", ErrRuntimeException, "libreoffice_exception"},
+		{"queue size exceeded", gotenberg.ErrMaximumQueueSizeExceeded, "libreoffice_unavailable"},
+		{"process restarting", gotenberg.ErrProcessAlreadyRestarting, "libreoffice_unavailable"},
+		{"core dumped", ErrCoreDumped, "unknown"},
+		{"unknown", errors.New("boom"), "unknown"},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			if got := libreofficeErrorType(tc.err); got != tc.want {
+				t.Errorf("libreofficeErrorType(%v) = %q, want %q", tc.err, got, tc.want)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/libreoffice.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/libreoffice.go
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ import (
 	"log/slog"
 	"net"
 	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
 	"sync"
 	"sync/atomic"
@@ -69,11 +70,13 @@ func (p *libreOfficeProcess) Start(logger *slog.Logger) error {

 	// LibreOffice fetches external content (OOXML images via
 	// TargetMode=External, RTF INCLUDEPICTURE, ODT linked images) inside
-	// its own libcurl. Route those fetches through the in-process proxy
-	// so the chromium/webhook SSRF filters apply.
-	if err := writeSofficeProxyConfig(userProfileDirPath, proxy.Addr()); err != nil {
+	// its own libcurl. The profile config routes those fetches through the
+	// in-process proxy so the chromium/webhook SSRF filters apply, and
+	// blocks content linked from untrusted locations so absolute-path
+	// (file://) and direct fetches are dropped at the source.
+	if err := writeSofficeProfileConfig(userProfileDirPath, proxy.Addr()); err != nil {
 		_ = proxy.Stop(context.Background())
-		return fmt.Errorf("write soffice proxy config: %w", err)
+		return fmt.Errorf("write soffice profile config: %w", err)
 	}
 	sofficeEnv := sofficeProxyEnv(os.Environ(), proxy.Addr())

@@ -195,7 +198,7 @@ func (p *libreOfficeProcess) Start(logger *slog.Logger) error {
 		select {
 		case err = <-connChan:
 			if err != nil {
-				return fmt.Errorf("LibreOffice socket not available: %w", err)
+				return fmt.Errorf("LibreOffice did not become available within the start timeout; increase --libreoffice-start-timeout or check system resources: %w", err)
 			}

 			logger.DebugContext(context.Background(), "LibreOffice socket available")
@@ -203,7 +206,7 @@ func (p *libreOfficeProcess) Start(logger *slog.Logger) error {

 			return nil
 		case err = <-waitChan:
-			return fmt.Errorf("LibreOffice process exited: %w", err)
+			return fmt.Errorf("LibreOffice exited unexpectedly during startup; check system resources such as memory, disk, and permissions: %w", err)
 		}
 	}
 }
@@ -319,6 +322,16 @@ func (p *libreOfficeProcess) pdf(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, input
 		args = append(args, "--disable-update-indexes")
 	}

+	// A CSV becomes a single Calc sheet named after the input file, and Calc's
+	// default page style prints that sheet name as a centered header. Uploads
+	// are stored under a UUID-based filename, so the UUID would otherwise leak
+	// into the rendered PDF. Suppress the header for CSV inputs; spreadsheets
+	// that carry their own page styles (XLSX, ODS) are left untouched.
+	// See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1568.
+	if strings.EqualFold(filepath.Ext(inputPath), ".csv") {
+		args = append(args, "--disable-calc-header")
+	}
+
 	args = append(args, "--export", fmt.Sprintf("ExportFormFields=%t", options.ExportFormFields))
 	args = append(args, "--export", fmt.Sprintf("AllowDuplicateFieldNames=%t", options.AllowDuplicateFieldNames))
 	args = append(args, "--export", fmt.Sprintf("ExportBookmarks=%t", options.ExportBookmarks))
--- a/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/proxy.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/proxy.go
@@ -15,16 +15,18 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/dlclark/regexp2"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http/httpproxy"

 	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
 )

 // outboundProxyOptions configures a [libreOfficeProxy].
 type outboundProxyOptions struct {
-	allowList      []*regexp2.Regexp
-	denyList       []*regexp2.Regexp
-	denyPrivateIPs bool
-	denyPublicIPs  bool
+	allowList              []*regexp2.Regexp
+	denyList               []*regexp2.Regexp
+	denyPrivateIPs         bool
+	denyPublicIPs          bool
+	enableEnvironmentProxy bool
 }

 // libreOfficeProxy is an HTTP/HTTPS forward proxy that LibreOffice routes
@@ -45,6 +47,12 @@ type libreOfficeProxy struct {
 	opts     outboundProxyOptions
 	logger   *slog.Logger

+	// upstreamProxy resolves the upstream (corporate) proxy for a destination
+	// URL from the standard proxy environment variables, or returns a nil URL
+	// to connect directly. Nil unless the operator opted into proxy-
+	// environment honoring. See https://github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/issues/1592.
+	upstreamProxy func(*url.URL) (*url.URL, error)
+
 	stopOnce sync.Once
 }

@@ -64,10 +72,15 @@ func newLibreOfficeProxy(logger *slog.Logger, opts outboundProxyOptions) (*libre

 	p := &libreOfficeProxy{
 		listener: listener,
-		client:   gotenberg.NewOutboundHttpClient(0, opts.allowList, opts.denyList, decideOpts...),
+		client:   gotenberg.NewOutboundHttpClient(0, opts.allowList, opts.denyList, opts.enableEnvironmentProxy, decideOpts...),
 		opts:     opts,
 		logger:   logger.With(slog.String("logger", "libreoffice-proxy")),
 	}
+	if opts.enableEnvironmentProxy {
+		// Honor the standard proxy environment variables, credentials
+		// included. httpproxy reads the environment now and applies NO_PROXY.
+		p.upstreamProxy = httpproxy.FromEnvironment().ProxyFunc()
+	}
 	p.server = &http.Server{
 		Handler:           p,
 		ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
@@ -182,8 +195,25 @@ func (p *libreOfficeProxy) handleConnect(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request)
 		return
 	}

+	// When the operator routes egress through an authenticated proxy, soffice
+	// cannot supply the credentials, so the proxy performs the CONNECT (and
+	// authentication) upstream. The decision above still gated the destination.
+	var proxyURL *url.URL
+	if p.upstreamProxy != nil {
+		proxyURL, err = p.upstreamProxy(&url.URL{Scheme: "https", Host: net.JoinHostPort(host, port)})
+		if err != nil {
+			p.logger.WarnContext(r.Context(), fmt.Sprintf("LibreOffice proxy resolve upstream proxy for '%s': %s", rawURL, err))
+			http.Error(w, "proxy: upstream proxy error", http.StatusBadGateway)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+
 	var dest net.Conn
 	switch {
+	case proxyURL != nil:
+		dest, err = gotenberg.DialThroughProxy(r.Context(), proxyURL, r.Host, func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return net.DialTimeout(network, addr, 10*time.Second)
+		})
 	case len(decision.Pinned) > 0:
 		dest, err = gotenberg.DialPinned(r.Context(), "tcp", decision.Pinned, port)
 	default:
@@ -245,13 +275,26 @@ var hopByHopHeaders = []string{
 	"Upgrade",
 }

-// sofficeProxyConfigTmpl is the registrymodifications.xcu fragment that
-// tells soffice's UCB layer to route every HTTP and HTTPS fetch through
-// proxyHost:proxyPort. The %s placeholders accept the proxy host and
-// port respectively (host first, port second, repeated for HTTP and
-// HTTPS).
-const sofficeProxyConfigTmpl = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+// sofficeProfileConfigTmpl is the registrymodifications.xcu the soffice
+// daemon loads at startup. It does two things:
+//
+//  1. Routes every HTTP and HTTPS fetch through proxyHost:proxyPort so
+//     soffice's own libcurl fetches hit the in-process SSRF proxy.
+//  2. Sets BlockUntrustedRefererLinks so soffice refuses to load content
+//     linked from a document that sits in an untrusted location.
+//
+// The second setting closes the local-read and direct-fetch vectors the
+// proxy cannot see. A document that links an absolute path
+// (file:///etc/...) or any URL is loaded from the per-request temp dir,
+// which is never a trusted location, so soffice drops the linked content
+// instead of resolving it. Embedded content (stored inside the document)
+// is unaffected.
+//
+// The %s placeholders accept the proxy host and port respectively (host
+// first, port second, repeated for HTTP and HTTPS).
+const sofficeProfileConfigTmpl = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <oor:items xmlns:oor="http://openoffice.org/2001/registry" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
+  <item oor:path="/org.openoffice.Office.Common/Security/Scripting"><prop oor:name="BlockUntrustedRefererLinks" oor:op="fuse"><value>true</value></prop></item>
  <item oor:path="/org.openoffice.Inet/Settings"><prop oor:name="ooInetProxyType" oor:op="fuse"><value>1</value></prop></item>
  <item oor:path="/org.openoffice.Inet/Settings"><prop oor:name="ooInetHTTPProxyName" oor:op="fuse"><value>%s</value></prop></item>
  <item oor:path="/org.openoffice.Inet/Settings"><prop oor:name="ooInetHTTPProxyPort" oor:op="fuse"><value>%s</value></prop></item>
@@ -261,10 +304,11 @@ const sofficeProxyConfigTmpl = `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 </oor:items>
 `

-// writeSofficeProxyConfig drops a registrymodifications.xcu file into
+// writeSofficeProfileConfig drops a registrymodifications.xcu file into
 // userProfileDirPath/user/ that points soffice's UCB layer at proxyAddr
-// for both HTTP and HTTPS. proxyAddr must be a host:port pair.
-func writeSofficeProxyConfig(userProfileDirPath, proxyAddr string) error {
+// for both HTTP and HTTPS and blocks linked content from untrusted
+// locations. proxyAddr must be a host:port pair.
+func writeSofficeProfileConfig(userProfileDirPath, proxyAddr string) error {
 	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(proxyAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("split proxy address %q: %w", proxyAddr, err)
@@ -276,7 +320,7 @@ func writeSofficeProxyConfig(userProfileDirPath, proxyAddr string) error {
 		return fmt.Errorf("create soffice user profile directory: %w", err)
 	}

-	body := fmt.Sprintf(sofficeProxyConfigTmpl, host, port, host, port)
+	body := fmt.Sprintf(sofficeProfileConfigTmpl, host, port, host, port)
 	err = os.WriteFile(userDir+"/registrymodifications.xcu", []byte(body), 0o600)
 	if err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("write registrymodifications.xcu: %w", err)
--- a/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/proxy_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/libreoffice/api/proxy_test.go
@@ -280,11 +280,11 @@ func TestLibreOfficeProxy_StopIsIdempotent(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestWriteSofficeProxyConfig(t *testing.T) {
+func TestWriteSofficeProfileConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	dir := t.TempDir()

-	if err := writeSofficeProxyConfig(dir, "127.0.0.1:9876"); err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("writeSofficeProxyConfig: %v", err)
+	if err := writeSofficeProfileConfig(dir, "127.0.0.1:9876"); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("writeSofficeProfileConfig: %v", err)
 	}

 	body, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(dir, "user", "registrymodifications.xcu"))
@@ -297,6 +297,9 @@ func TestWriteSofficeProxyConfig(t *testing.T) {
 		`ooInetHTTPProxyName`, `<value>127.0.0.1</value>`,
 		`ooInetHTTPProxyPort`, `<value>9876</value>`,
 		`ooInetHTTPSProxyName`, `ooInetHTTPSProxyPort`,
+		// Blocks linked content from untrusted locations, closing the
+		// file:// local-read and direct-fetch vectors the proxy cannot see.
+		`BlockUntrustedRefererLinks`, `<value>true</value>`,
 	} {
 		if !strings.Contains(string(body), want) {
 			t.Errorf("xcu missing %q\nfull body:\n%s", want, body)
@@ -304,8 +307,8 @@ func TestWriteSofficeProxyConfig(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }

-func TestWriteSofficeProxyConfig_InvalidAddr(t *testing.T) {
-	err := writeSofficeProxyConfig(t.TempDir(), "not-a-host-port")
+func TestWriteSofficeProfileConfig_InvalidAddr(t *testing.T) {
+	err := writeSofficeProfileConfig(t.TempDir(), "not-a-host-port")
 	if err == nil {
 		t.Fatal("expected error for malformed proxy address")
 	}
--- a/pkg/modules/libreoffice/pdfengine/pdfengine.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/libreoffice/pdfengine/pdfengine.go
@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ func (engine *LibreOfficePdfEngine) ReadBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *s
 }

 // Encrypt is not available in this implementation.
-func (engine *LibreOfficePdfEngine) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath, userPassword, ownerPassword string) error {
+func (engine *LibreOfficePdfEngine) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, opts gotenberg.EncryptOptions) error {
 	return fmt.Errorf("encrypt PDF using LibreOffice: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
 }

@@ -135,6 +135,16 @@ func (engine *LibreOfficePdfEngine) Rotate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Log
 	return fmt.Errorf("rotate PDF with LibreOffice: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
 }

+// InjectFacturXXMP is not available in this implementation.
+func (engine *LibreOfficePdfEngine) InjectFacturXXMP(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, facturX gotenberg.FacturX, inputPath string) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("inject Factur-X XMP with LibreOffice: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
+}
+
+// ReadPdfAConformance is not available in this implementation.
+func (engine *LibreOfficePdfEngine) ReadPdfAConformance(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (string, string, error) {
+	return "", "", fmt.Errorf("read PDF/A conformance with LibreOffice: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
+}
+
 // Interface guards.
 var (
 	_ gotenberg.Module      = (*LibreOfficePdfEngine)(nil)
--- a/pkg/modules/libreoffice/routes.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/libreoffice/routes.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func convertRoute(libreOffice libreofficeapi.Uno, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) ap
 			splitMode := pdfengines.FormDataPdfSplitMode(form, false)
 			pdfFormats := pdfengines.FormDataPdfFormats(form)
 			metadata := pdfengines.FormDataPdfMetadata(form, false)
-			userPassword, ownerPassword := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)
+			encrypt := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)
 			embedPaths := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEmbeds(form)
 			watermark := pdfengines.FormDataPdfWatermark(form, false)
 			watermarkFile := pdfengines.FormDataPdfWatermarkFile(form)
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ func convertRoute(libreOffice libreofficeapi.Uno, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) ap
 			stampFile := pdfengines.FormDataPdfStampFile(form)
 			angle, rotatePages := pdfengines.FormDataPdfRotate(form, false)
 			embedsMetadata := pdfengines.FormDataPdfEmbedsMetadata(form)
+			facturX, facturxXmlPath := pdfengines.FormDataPdfFacturX(form)

 			zeroValuedSplitMode := gotenberg.SplitMode{}

@@ -313,13 +314,27 @@ func convertRoute(libreOffice libreofficeapi.Uno, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) ap
 				return fmt.Errorf("validate stamp: %w", err)
 			}

-			err = pdfengines.ValidatePdfFormatsCompat(pdfFormats, userPassword, embedPaths)
+			err = pdfengines.ValidatePdfFormatsCompat(pdfFormats, encrypt.UserPassword, embedPaths)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}

+			err = pdfengines.ValidatePdfEncryptCompat(encrypt)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			err = pdfengines.ValidateFacturXCompat(facturX, facturxXmlPath, pdfFormats)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			// Factur-X requires PDF/A-3; default to PDF/A-3b when no format was
+			// requested. The conversion runs as a post-processing step below.
+			pdfFormats = pdfengines.FacturXPdfFormats(ctx, engine, facturX, pdfFormats, true, nil)
+
 			hasPostProcessing := watermark.Source != "" || stamp.Source != "" || angle != 0 ||
-				len(embedPaths) > 0 || len(metadata) > 0 || flatten
+				len(embedPaths) > 0 || len(metadata) > 0 || flatten || facturX.ConformanceLevel != ""

 			outputPaths := make([]string, len(inputPaths))
 			for i, inputPath := range inputPaths {
@@ -385,7 +400,7 @@ func convertRoute(libreOffice libreofficeapi.Uno, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) ap
 							fmt.Errorf("convert to PDF: %w", err),
 							api.NewSentinelHttpError(
 								http.StatusBadRequest,
-								fmt.Sprintf("A PDF format in '%+v' is not supported", pdfFormats),
+								fmt.Sprintf("The PDF format '%s' is not supported. Valid formats include PDF/A-1b, PDF/A-2b, PDF/A-3b, and PDF/UA.", pdfFormats.PdfA),
 							),
 						)
 					}
@@ -503,7 +518,12 @@ func convertRoute(libreOffice libreofficeapi.Uno, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) ap
 				return fmt.Errorf("set embeds metadata: %w", err)
 			}

-			err = pdfengines.EncryptPdfStub(ctx, engine, userPassword, ownerPassword, outputPaths)
+			err = pdfengines.ApplyFacturXStub(ctx, engine, facturX, facturxXmlPath, outputPaths)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("apply Factur-X: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			err = pdfengines.EncryptPdfStub(ctx, engine, encrypt, outputPaths)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("encrypt PDFs: %w", err)
 			}
--- a/pkg/modules/pdfcpu/pdfcpu.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/pdfcpu/pdfcpu.go
@@ -13,8 +13,10 @@ import (
 	"sort"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"

+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
 	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.40.0"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
@@ -30,6 +32,9 @@ func init() {
 // [gotenberg.PdfEngine] interface.
 type PdfCpu struct {
 	binPath string
+
+	version     string
+	versionOnce sync.Once
 }

 type pdfcpuBookmark struct {
@@ -74,35 +79,60 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) Validate() error {

 // Debug returns additional debug data.
 func (engine *PdfCpu) Debug() map[string]any {
-	debug := make(map[string]any)
+	return map[string]any{"version": engine.detectVersion()}
+}

-	cmd := exec.Command(engine.binPath, "version") //nolint:gosec
-	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
-
-	output, err := cmd.Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		debug["version"] = err.Error()
-		return debug
-	}
-
-	debug["version"] = "Unable to determine pdfcpu version"
-
-	lines := strings.SplitSeq(string(output), "\n")
-	for line := range lines {
-		if after, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "pdfcpu:"); ok {
-			debug["version"] = strings.TrimSpace(after)
-			break
+// detectVersion resolves the pdfcpu version once, preferring the value captured
+// at image build time so it never spawns pdfcpu at runtime. It falls back to
+// running pdfcpu version for local or non-Docker builds.
+func (engine *PdfCpu) detectVersion() string {
+	engine.versionOnce.Do(func() {
+		if v, ok := gotenberg.BuildVersion("pdfcpu"); ok {
+			engine.version = v
+			return
 		}
+
+		cmd := exec.Command(engine.binPath, "version") //nolint:gosec
+		cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+
+		output, err := cmd.Output()
+		if err != nil {
+			engine.version = err.Error()
+			return
+		}
+
+		engine.version = "Unable to determine pdfcpu version"
+
+		lines := strings.SplitSeq(string(output), "\n")
+		for line := range lines {
+			if after, ok := strings.CutPrefix(line, "pdfcpu:"); ok {
+				engine.version = strings.TrimSpace(after)
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	})
+
+	return engine.version
+}
+
+// spanAttrs returns the client-span attributes for a pdfcpu invocation: the
+// server address and the pdfcpu version, plus any extra attributes. The version
+// rides on every span so a trace records which pdfcpu ran the operation.
+func (engine *PdfCpu) spanAttrs(extra ...attribute.KeyValue) []attribute.KeyValue {
+	attrs := make([]attribute.KeyValue, 0, 2+len(extra))
+	attrs = append(attrs, semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath))
+	if v := engine.detectVersion(); v != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, attribute.String("gotenberg.pdfcpu.version", v))
 	}

-	return debug
+	return append(attrs, extra...)
 }

 // Merge combines multiple PDFs into a single PDF.
 func (engine *PdfCpu) Merge(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPaths []string, outputPath string) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.Merge",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -134,7 +164,7 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) Merge(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPaths
 func (engine *PdfCpu) Split(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, mode gotenberg.SplitMode, inputPath, outputDirPath string) ([]string, error) {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.Split",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -203,7 +233,7 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) Split(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, mode goten
 func (engine *PdfCpu) Flatten(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.Flatten",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -217,7 +247,7 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) Flatten(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPat
 func (engine *PdfCpu) Convert(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, formats gotenberg.PdfFormats, inputPath, outputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.Convert",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -231,7 +261,7 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) Convert(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, formats
 func (engine *PdfCpu) ReadMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (map[string]any, error) {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.ReadMetadata",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -245,7 +275,7 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) ReadMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inp
 func (engine *PdfCpu) WriteMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, metadata map[string]any, inputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.WriteMetadata",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -259,7 +289,7 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) WriteMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, me
 func (engine *PdfCpu) PageCount(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (int, error) {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.PageCount",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -273,7 +303,7 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) PageCount(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputP
 func (engine *PdfCpu) ReadBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) ([]gotenberg.Bookmark, error) {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.ReadBookmarks",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -376,7 +406,7 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) ReadBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, in
 func (engine *PdfCpu) WriteBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, bookmarks []gotenberg.Bookmark) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.WriteBookmarks",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -452,12 +482,22 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) EmbedFilesMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logge
 	return fmt.Errorf("set embeds metadata with pdfcpu: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
 }

+// InjectFacturXXMP is not available in this implementation.
+func (engine *PdfCpu) InjectFacturXXMP(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, facturX gotenberg.FacturX, inputPath string) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("inject Factur-X XMP with pdfcpu: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
+}
+
+// ReadPdfAConformance is not available in this implementation.
+func (engine *PdfCpu) ReadPdfAConformance(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (string, string, error) {
+	return "", "", fmt.Errorf("read PDF/A conformance with pdfcpu: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
+}
+
 // EmbedFiles embeds files into a PDF. All files are embedded as file attachments
 // without modifying the main PDF content.
 func (engine *PdfCpu) EmbedFiles(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, filePaths []string, inputPath string) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.EmbedFiles",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -493,30 +533,38 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) EmbedFiles(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, fileP
 }

 // Encrypt adds password protection to a PDF file using pdfcpu.
-func (engine *PdfCpu) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath, userPassword, ownerPassword string) error {
+func (engine *PdfCpu) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, opts gotenberg.EncryptOptions) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.Encrypt",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

-	if userPassword == "" {
-		err := errors.New("user password cannot be empty")
+	ownerPassword := opts.OwnerPassword
+	if ownerPassword == "" {
+		ownerPassword = opts.UserPassword
+	}
+
+	// An empty user password is allowed: it produces an owner-only document.
+	if opts.UserPassword == "" && ownerPassword == "" {
+		err := errors.New("at least a user or owner password is required")
 		span.RecordError(err)
 		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 		return err
 	}

-	if ownerPassword == "" {
-		ownerPassword = userPassword
+	// pdfcpu only supports coarse permissions: all actions or none.
+	perm := "all"
+	if opts.Permissions.Restricted() {
+		perm = "none"
 	}

 	args := make([]string, 0, 11)
 	args = append(args, "encrypt")
 	args = append(args, "--mode", "aes")
-	args = append(args, "--upw", userPassword)
+	args = append(args, "--upw", opts.UserPassword)
 	args = append(args, "--opw", ownerPassword)
-	args = append(args, "--perm", "all")
+	args = append(args, "--perm", perm)
 	args = append(args, inputPath, inputPath)

 	cmd, err := gotenberg.CommandContext(ctx, logger, engine.binPath, args...)
@@ -543,7 +591,7 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPat
 func (engine *PdfCpu) Watermark(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp gotenberg.Stamp) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.Watermark",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -562,7 +610,7 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) Watermark(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputP
 func (engine *PdfCpu) Stamp(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp gotenberg.Stamp) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.Stamp",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -581,7 +629,7 @@ func (engine *PdfCpu) Stamp(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath
 func (engine *PdfCpu) Rotate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, angle int, pages string) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdfcpu.Rotate",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

--- a/pkg/modules/pdfengines/fallback_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/pdfengines/fallback_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,169 @@
+package pdfengines
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"testing"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
+	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace/tracetest"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
+)
+
+func newFallbackRecorder(t *testing.T) *tracetest.SpanRecorder {
+	t.Helper()
+	recorder := tracetest.NewSpanRecorder()
+	provider := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(sdktrace.WithSpanProcessor(recorder))
+	previous := otel.GetTracerProvider()
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(provider)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { otel.SetTracerProvider(previous) })
+	return recorder
+}
+
+func findFallbackSpan(recorder *tracetest.SpanRecorder, name string) sdktrace.ReadOnlySpan {
+	for _, s := range recorder.Ended() {
+		if s.Name() == name {
+			return s
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func wrapTest(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("test op with multi PDF engines: %w", err) }
+
+func TestRunWithFallback_FirstSucceeds(t *testing.T) {
+	recorder := newFallbackRecorder(t)
+	engines := []gotenberg.PdfEngine{&gotenberg.PdfEngineMock{}, &gotenberg.PdfEngineMock{}}
+
+	calls := 0
+	got, err := runWithFallback(context.Background(), "pdfengines.Test", engines,
+		func(_ context.Context, _ gotenberg.PdfEngine) (string, error) {
+			calls++
+			return "ok", nil
+		}, wrapTest)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got != "ok" {
+		t.Errorf("got %q, want ok", got)
+	}
+	if calls != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 engine call, got %d", calls)
+	}
+
+	span := findFallbackSpan(recorder, "pdfengines.Test")
+	if span.Status().Code != codes.Ok {
+		t.Errorf("status = %v, want Ok", span.Status().Code)
+	}
+	attrs := map[string]string{}
+	for _, kv := range span.Attributes() {
+		attrs[string(kv.Key)] = kv.Value.Emit()
+	}
+	if attrs["gotenberg.pdf_engine.attempts"] != "1" {
+		t.Errorf("attempts = %q, want 1", attrs["gotenberg.pdf_engine.attempts"])
+	}
+	if attrs["gotenberg.pdf_engine.selected"] == "" {
+		t.Error("expected a selected engine attribute")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunWithFallback_SecondSucceeds(t *testing.T) {
+	recorder := newFallbackRecorder(t)
+	engines := []gotenberg.PdfEngine{&gotenberg.PdfEngineMock{}, &gotenberg.PdfEngineMock{}}
+
+	calls := 0
+	got, err := runWithFallback(context.Background(), "pdfengines.Test", engines,
+		func(_ context.Context, _ gotenberg.PdfEngine) (string, error) {
+			calls++
+			if calls == 1 {
+				return "", errors.New("first engine failed")
+			}
+			return "ok", nil
+		}, wrapTest)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got != "ok" || calls != 2 {
+		t.Errorf("got %q after %d calls, want ok after 2", got, calls)
+	}
+
+	span := findFallbackSpan(recorder, "pdfengines.Test")
+	var failedEvents int
+	for _, e := range span.Events() {
+		if e.Name == "pdf_engine.attempt_failed" {
+			failedEvents++
+		}
+	}
+	if failedEvents != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 1 attempt_failed event, got %d", failedEvents)
+	}
+	for _, kv := range span.Attributes() {
+		if string(kv.Key) == "gotenberg.pdf_engine.attempts" && kv.Value.Emit() != "2" {
+			t.Errorf("attempts = %q, want 2", kv.Value.Emit())
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunWithFallback_AllFail(t *testing.T) {
+	recorder := newFallbackRecorder(t)
+	engines := []gotenberg.PdfEngine{&gotenberg.PdfEngineMock{}, &gotenberg.PdfEngineMock{}}
+
+	sentinel := errors.New("engine failed")
+	_, err := runWithFallback(context.Background(), "pdfengines.Test", engines,
+		func(_ context.Context, _ gotenberg.PdfEngine) (string, error) {
+			return "", sentinel
+		}, wrapTest)
+
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected an error when all engines fail")
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, sentinel) {
+		t.Errorf("expected the joined engine error to be wrapped, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	span := findFallbackSpan(recorder, "pdfengines.Test")
+	if span.Status().Code != codes.Error {
+		t.Errorf("status = %v, want Error", span.Status().Code)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunWithFallback_ZeroEngines(t *testing.T) {
+	newFallbackRecorder(t)
+	_, err := runWithFallback(context.Background(), "pdfengines.Test", nil,
+		func(_ context.Context, _ gotenberg.PdfEngine) (string, error) {
+			return "ok", nil
+		}, wrapTest)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Error("expected an error with no engines")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRunWithFallback_ContextDone(t *testing.T) {
+	recorder := newFallbackRecorder(t)
+	engines := []gotenberg.PdfEngine{&gotenberg.PdfEngineMock{}}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel()
+
+	release := make(chan struct{})
+	t.Cleanup(func() { close(release) })
+
+	_, err := runWithFallback(ctx, "pdfengines.Test", engines,
+		func(_ context.Context, _ gotenberg.PdfEngine) (string, error) {
+			<-release // never returns during the call, forcing the ctx.Done branch
+			return "", nil
+		}, wrapTest)
+
+	if !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+		t.Errorf("expected context.Canceled, got %v", err)
+	}
+
+	span := findFallbackSpan(recorder, "pdfengines.Test")
+	if span.Status().Code != codes.Error {
+		t.Errorf("status = %v, want Error (the cancellation must mark the span)", span.Status().Code)
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/pdfengines/multi.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/pdfengines/multi.go
@@ -5,8 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
-	"sync"

+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ type multiPdfEngines struct {
 	watermarkEngines      []gotenberg.PdfEngine
 	stampEngines          []gotenberg.PdfEngine
 	rotateEngines         []gotenberg.PdfEngine
+	facturXEngines        []gotenberg.PdfEngine
 }

 func newMultiPdfEngines(
@@ -44,7 +45,8 @@ func newMultiPdfEngines(
 	writeBookmarksEngines,
 	watermarkEngines,
 	stampEngines,
-	rotateEngines []gotenberg.PdfEngine,
+	rotateEngines,
+	facturXEngines []gotenberg.PdfEngine,
 ) *multiPdfEngines {
 	return &multiPdfEngines{
 		mergeEngines:          mergeEngines,
@@ -61,586 +63,292 @@ func newMultiPdfEngines(
 		watermarkEngines:      watermarkEngines,
 		stampEngines:          stampEngines,
 		rotateEngines:         rotateEngines,
+		facturXEngines:        facturXEngines,
 	}
 }

+// engineName returns the module ID of a PDF engine for telemetry, falling back
+// to its type name when it does not expose a descriptor.
+func engineName(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) string {
+	if module, ok := engine.(gotenberg.Module); ok {
+		return module.Descriptor().ID
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%T", engine)
+}
+
+// runWithFallback runs op against each engine in order and returns the first
+// success. It wraps the attempts in a pdfengines span, records the winning
+// engine and attempt count, emits a pdf_engine.attempt_failed event for each
+// failed engine, and joins all engine errors on total failure. A context
+// cancellation marks the span as errored too. wrap applies the op-specific
+// final error message.
+func runWithFallback[T any](
+	ctx context.Context,
+	spanName string,
+	engines []gotenberg.PdfEngine,
+	op func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) (T, error),
+	wrap func(err error) error,
+) (T, error) {
+	var zero T
+
+	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, spanName, trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
+	defer span.End()
+
+	type attemptResult struct {
+		value T
+		err   error
+	}
+
+	var joined error
+	for attempt, engine := range engines {
+		resultChan := make(chan attemptResult, 1)
+
+		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
+			value, err := op(ctx, engine)
+			resultChan <- attemptResult{value: value, err: err}
+		}(engine)
+
+		select {
+		case result := <-resultChan:
+			if result.err == nil {
+				span.SetAttributes(
+					attribute.String("gotenberg.pdf_engine.selected", engineName(engine)),
+					attribute.Int("gotenberg.pdf_engine.attempts", attempt+1),
+				)
+				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
+				return result.value, nil
+			}
+
+			joined = errors.Join(joined, result.err)
+			span.AddEvent("pdf_engine.attempt_failed", trace.WithAttributes(
+				attribute.String("engine", engineName(engine)),
+			))
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			err := ctx.Err()
+			span.RecordError(err)
+			span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+			return zero, err
+		}
+	}
+
+	err := wrap(joined)
+	span.RecordError(err)
+	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+
+	return zero, err
+}
+
+// runWithFallbackVoid adapts [runWithFallback] for operations that return no
+// value beyond an error.
+func runWithFallbackVoid(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	spanName string,
+	engines []gotenberg.PdfEngine,
+	op func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error,
+	wrap func(err error) error,
+) error {
+	_, err := runWithFallback(ctx, spanName, engines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) (struct{}, error) {
+			return struct{}{}, op(ctx, engine)
+		},
+		wrap,
+	)
+	return err
+}
+
 // Merge combines multiple PDF files into a single document using the first
 // available engine that supports PDF merging.
-//
-//nolint:dupl
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) Merge(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPaths []string, outputPath string) error {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.Merge", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.mergeEngines {
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			errChan <- engine.Merge(ctx, logger, inputPaths, outputPath)
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case mergeErr := <-errChan:
-			if mergeErr != nil {
-				err = errors.Join(err, mergeErr)
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("merge PDFs with multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return err
-}
-
-type splitResult struct {
-	outputPaths []string
-	err         error
+	return runWithFallbackVoid(ctx, "pdfengines.Merge", multi.mergeEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error {
+			return engine.Merge(ctx, logger, inputPaths, outputPath)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("merge PDFs with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

 // Split divides the PDF into separate pages using the first available engine
 // that supports PDF splitting.
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) Split(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, mode gotenberg.SplitMode, inputPath, outputDirPath string) ([]string, error) {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.Split", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	var mu sync.Mutex // to safely append errors.
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.splitEngines {
-		resultChan := make(chan splitResult, 1)
-
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			outputPaths, err := engine.Split(ctx, logger, mode, inputPath, outputDirPath)
-			resultChan <- splitResult{outputPaths: outputPaths, err: err}
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case result := <-resultChan:
-			if result.err != nil {
-				mu.Lock()
-				err = errors.Join(err, result.err)
-				mu.Unlock()
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return result.outputPaths, nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return nil, ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("split PDF with multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return nil, err
+	return runWithFallback(ctx, "pdfengines.Split", multi.splitEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) ([]string, error) {
+			return engine.Split(ctx, logger, mode, inputPath, outputDirPath)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("split PDF with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

 // Flatten merges existing annotation appearances with page content using the
 // first available engine that supports flattening.
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) Flatten(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) error {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.Flatten", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.flattenEngines {
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			errChan <- engine.Flatten(ctx, logger, inputPath)
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case mergeErr := <-errChan:
-			if mergeErr != nil {
-				err = errors.Join(err, mergeErr)
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("flatten PDF with multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return err
+	return runWithFallbackVoid(ctx, "pdfengines.Flatten", multi.flattenEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error {
+			return engine.Flatten(ctx, logger, inputPath)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("flatten PDF with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

 // Convert transforms the given PDF to a specific PDF format using the first
 // available engine that supports PDF conversion.
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) Convert(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, formats gotenberg.PdfFormats, inputPath, outputPath string) error {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.Convert", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.convertEngines {
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			errChan <- engine.Convert(ctx, logger, formats, inputPath, outputPath)
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case mergeErr := <-errChan:
-			if mergeErr != nil {
-				err = errors.Join(err, mergeErr)
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("convert PDF to '%+v' with multi PDF engines: %w", formats, err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return err
-}
-
-type readMetadataResult struct {
-	metadata map[string]any
-	err      error
+	return runWithFallbackVoid(ctx, "pdfengines.Convert", multi.convertEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error {
+			return engine.Convert(ctx, logger, formats, inputPath, outputPath)
+		},
+		func(err error) error {
+			return fmt.Errorf("convert PDF to '%+v' with multi PDF engines: %w", formats, err)
+		},
+	)
 }

 // ReadMetadata extracts metadata from a PDF file using the first available
 // engine that supports metadata reading.
-//
-//nolint:dupl
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) ReadMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (map[string]any, error) {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.ReadMetadata", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	var mu sync.Mutex // to safely append errors.
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.readMetadataEngines {
-		resultChan := make(chan readMetadataResult, 1)
-
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			metadata, err := engine.ReadMetadata(ctx, logger, inputPath)
-			resultChan <- readMetadataResult{metadata: metadata, err: err}
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case result := <-resultChan:
-			if result.err != nil {
-				mu.Lock()
-				err = errors.Join(err, result.err)
-				mu.Unlock()
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return result.metadata, nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return nil, ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("read PDF metadata with multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return nil, err
+	return runWithFallback(ctx, "pdfengines.ReadMetadata", multi.readMetadataEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) (map[string]any, error) {
+			return engine.ReadMetadata(ctx, logger, inputPath)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("read PDF metadata with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

 // WriteMetadata embeds metadata into a PDF file using the first available
 // engine that supports metadata writing.
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) WriteMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, metadata map[string]any, inputPath string) error {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.WriteMetadata", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.writeMetadataEngines {
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			errChan <- engine.WriteMetadata(ctx, logger, metadata, inputPath)
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case writeMetadataErr := <-errChan:
-			if writeMetadataErr != nil {
-				err = errors.Join(err, writeMetadataErr)
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("write PDF metadata with multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return err
-}
-
-type pageCountResult struct {
-	pageCount int
-	err       error
+	return runWithFallbackVoid(ctx, "pdfengines.WriteMetadata", multi.writeMetadataEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error {
+			return engine.WriteMetadata(ctx, logger, metadata, inputPath)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("write PDF metadata with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

 // PageCount returns the number of pages in a PDF file using the first available
 // engine that supports metadata reading.
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) PageCount(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (int, error) {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.PageCount", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	var mu sync.Mutex // to safely append errors.
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.readMetadataEngines {
-		resultChan := make(chan pageCountResult, 1)
-
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			pageCount, err := engine.PageCount(ctx, logger, inputPath)
-			resultChan <- pageCountResult{pageCount: pageCount, err: err}
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case result := <-resultChan:
-			if result.err != nil {
-				mu.Lock()
-				err = errors.Join(err, result.err)
-				mu.Unlock()
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return result.pageCount, nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return 0, ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("page count with multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return 0, err
-}
-
-type readBookmarksResult struct {
-	bookmarks []gotenberg.Bookmark
-	err       error
+	return runWithFallback(ctx, "pdfengines.PageCount", multi.readMetadataEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) (int, error) {
+			return engine.PageCount(ctx, logger, inputPath)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("page count with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

 // ReadBookmarks reads bookmarks from a PDF file using the first available
 // engine that supports bookmarks reading.
-//
-//nolint:dupl
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) ReadBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) ([]gotenberg.Bookmark, error) {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.ReadBookmarks", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	var mu sync.Mutex // to safely append errors.
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.readBookmarksEngines {
-		resultChan := make(chan readBookmarksResult, 1)
-
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			bookmarks, err := engine.ReadBookmarks(ctx, logger, inputPath)
-			resultChan <- readBookmarksResult{bookmarks: bookmarks, err: err}
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case result := <-resultChan:
-			if result.err != nil {
-				mu.Lock()
-				err = errors.Join(err, result.err)
-				mu.Unlock()
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return result.bookmarks, nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return nil, ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("read PDF bookmarks with multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return nil, err
+	return runWithFallback(ctx, "pdfengines.ReadBookmarks", multi.readBookmarksEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) ([]gotenberg.Bookmark, error) {
+			return engine.ReadBookmarks(ctx, logger, inputPath)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("read PDF bookmarks with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

 // WriteBookmarks adds a document outline (bookmarks) to a PDF file using the
 // first available engine that supports bookmarks writing.
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) WriteBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, bookmarks []gotenberg.Bookmark) error {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.WriteBookmarks", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.writeBookmarksEngines {
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			errChan <- engine.WriteBookmarks(ctx, logger, inputPath, bookmarks)
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case writeBookmarksErr := <-errChan:
-			if writeBookmarksErr != nil {
-				err = errors.Join(err, writeBookmarksErr)
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("write PDF bookmarks with multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return err
+	return runWithFallbackVoid(ctx, "pdfengines.WriteBookmarks", multi.writeBookmarksEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error {
+			return engine.WriteBookmarks(ctx, logger, inputPath, bookmarks)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("write PDF bookmarks with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

 // Encrypt adds password protection to a PDF file using the first available
 // engine that supports password protection.
-func (multi *multiPdfEngines) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath, userPassword, ownerPassword string) error {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.Encrypt", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.passwordEngines {
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			errChan <- engine.Encrypt(ctx, logger, inputPath, userPassword, ownerPassword)
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case protectErr := <-errChan:
-			if protectErr != nil {
-				err = errors.Join(err, protectErr)
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("encrypt PDF using multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return err
+func (multi *multiPdfEngines) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, opts gotenberg.EncryptOptions) error {
+	return runWithFallbackVoid(ctx, "pdfengines.Encrypt", multi.passwordEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error {
+			return engine.Encrypt(ctx, logger, inputPath, opts)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("encrypt PDF using multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

-// EmbedFiles embeds files into a PDF using the first available
-// engine that supports file embedding.
-//
-//nolint:dupl
+// EmbedFiles embeds files into a PDF using the first available engine that
+// supports file embedding.
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) EmbedFiles(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, filePaths []string, inputPath string) error {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.EmbedFiles", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.embedEngines {
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			errChan <- engine.EmbedFiles(ctx, logger, filePaths, inputPath)
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case embedErr := <-errChan:
-			if embedErr != nil {
-				err = errors.Join(err, embedErr)
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("embed files into PDF using multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return err
+	return runWithFallbackVoid(ctx, "pdfengines.EmbedFiles", multi.embedEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error {
+			return engine.EmbedFiles(ctx, logger, filePaths, inputPath)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("embed files into PDF using multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

 // Watermark applies a watermark (behind page content) to a PDF file using the
 // first available engine that supports watermarking.
-//
-//nolint:dupl
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) Watermark(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp gotenberg.Stamp) error {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.Watermark", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.watermarkEngines {
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			errChan <- engine.Watermark(ctx, logger, inputPath, stamp)
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case watermarkErr := <-errChan:
-			if watermarkErr != nil {
-				err = errors.Join(err, watermarkErr)
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("watermark PDF with multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return err
+	return runWithFallbackVoid(ctx, "pdfengines.Watermark", multi.watermarkEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error {
+			return engine.Watermark(ctx, logger, inputPath, stamp)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("watermark PDF with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

-// Stamp applies a stamp (on top of page content) to a PDF file using the
-// first available engine that supports stamping.
-//
-//nolint:dupl
+// Stamp applies a stamp (on top of page content) to a PDF file using the first
+// available engine that supports stamping.
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) Stamp(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp gotenberg.Stamp) error {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.Stamp", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.stampEngines {
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			errChan <- engine.Stamp(ctx, logger, inputPath, stamp)
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case stampErr := <-errChan:
-			if stampErr != nil {
-				err = errors.Join(err, stampErr)
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("stamp PDF with multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return err
+	return runWithFallbackVoid(ctx, "pdfengines.Stamp", multi.stampEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error {
+			return engine.Stamp(ctx, logger, inputPath, stamp)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("stamp PDF with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

 // Rotate rotates pages of a PDF file using the first available engine that
 // supports rotation.
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) Rotate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, angle int, pages string) error {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.Rotate", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
-
-	var err error
-	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
-
-	for _, engine := range multi.rotateEngines {
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			errChan <- engine.Rotate(ctx, logger, inputPath, angle, pages)
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case rotateErr := <-errChan:
-			if rotateErr != nil {
-				err = errors.Join(err, rotateErr)
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
-	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("rotate PDF with multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return err
+	return runWithFallbackVoid(ctx, "pdfengines.Rotate", multi.rotateEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error {
+			return engine.Rotate(ctx, logger, inputPath, angle, pages)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("rotate PDF with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
 }

 // EmbedFilesMetadata sets metadata on embedded files using the first available
 // engine that supports it.
-//
-//nolint:dupl
 func (multi *multiPdfEngines) EmbedFilesMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, metadata map[string]map[string]string, inputPath string) error {
-	tracer := gotenberg.Tracer()
-	ctx, span := tracer.Start(ctx, "pdfengines.EmbedFilesMetadata", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal))
-	defer span.End()
+	return runWithFallbackVoid(ctx, "pdfengines.EmbedFilesMetadata", multi.embedMetadataEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error {
+			return engine.EmbedFilesMetadata(ctx, logger, metadata, inputPath)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("set embeds metadata using multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
+}

-	var err error
-	errChan := make(chan error, 1)
+// InjectFacturXXMP injects Factur-X/ZUGFeRD XMP metadata using the first
+// available engine that supports it.
+func (multi *multiPdfEngines) InjectFacturXXMP(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, facturX gotenberg.FacturX, inputPath string) error {
+	return runWithFallbackVoid(ctx, "pdfengines.InjectFacturXXMP", multi.facturXEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) error {
+			return engine.InjectFacturXXMP(ctx, logger, facturX, inputPath)
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("inject Factur-X XMP with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
+}

-	for _, engine := range multi.embedMetadataEngines {
-		go func(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) {
-			errChan <- engine.EmbedFilesMetadata(ctx, logger, metadata, inputPath)
-		}(engine)
-
-		select {
-		case setErr := <-errChan:
-			if setErr != nil {
-				err = errors.Join(err, setErr)
-			} else {
-				span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
-				return nil
-			}
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return ctx.Err()
-		}
+// ReadPdfAConformance reads the PDF/A part and conformance using the first
+// available engine that supports it.
+func (multi *multiPdfEngines) ReadPdfAConformance(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (string, string, error) {
+	type pdfaConf struct {
+		part        string
+		conformance string
 	}
-
-	err = fmt.Errorf("set embeds metadata using multi PDF engines: %w", err)
-	span.RecordError(err)
-	span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
-
-	return err
+	result, err := runWithFallback(ctx, "pdfengines.ReadPdfAConformance", multi.facturXEngines,
+		func(ctx context.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) (pdfaConf, error) {
+			part, conformance, err := engine.ReadPdfAConformance(ctx, logger, inputPath)
+			return pdfaConf{part: part, conformance: conformance}, err
+		},
+		func(err error) error { return fmt.Errorf("read PDF/A conformance with multi PDF engines: %w", err) },
+	)
+	return result.part, result.conformance, err
 }

 // Interface guards.
--- a/pkg/modules/pdfengines/pdfengines.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/pdfengines/pdfengines.go
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ type PdfEngines struct {
 	watermarkNames      []string
 	stampNames          []string
 	rotateNames         []string
+	facturXNames        []string
 	engines             []gotenberg.PdfEngine
 	disableRoutes       bool
 }
@@ -66,6 +67,7 @@ func (mod *PdfEngines) Descriptor() gotenberg.ModuleDescriptor {
 			fs.StringSlice("pdfengines-watermark-engines", []string{"pdfcpu", "pdftk"}, "Set the PDF engines and their order for the watermark feature - empty means all")
 			fs.StringSlice("pdfengines-stamp-engines", []string{"pdfcpu", "pdftk"}, "Set the PDF engines and their order for the stamp feature - empty means all")
 			fs.StringSlice("pdfengines-rotate-engines", []string{"pdfcpu", "pdftk"}, "Set the PDF engines and their order for the rotate feature - empty means all")
+			fs.StringSlice("pdfengines-factur-x-engines", []string{"qpdf"}, "Set the PDF engines and their order for the Factur-X XMP feature - empty means all")
 			fs.Bool("pdfengines-disable-routes", false, "Disable the routes")

 			// Deprecated flags.
@@ -99,6 +101,7 @@ func (mod *PdfEngines) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {
 	watermarkNames := flags.MustStringSlice("pdfengines-watermark-engines")
 	stampNames := flags.MustStringSlice("pdfengines-stamp-engines")
 	rotateNames := flags.MustStringSlice("pdfengines-rotate-engines")
+	facturXNames := flags.MustStringSlice("pdfengines-factur-x-engines")
 	mod.disableRoutes = flags.MustBool("pdfengines-disable-routes")

 	engines, err := ctx.Modules(new(gotenberg.PdfEngine))
@@ -195,6 +198,11 @@ func (mod *PdfEngines) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {
 		mod.rotateNames = rotateNames
 	}

+	mod.facturXNames = defaultNames
+	if len(facturXNames) > 0 {
+		mod.facturXNames = facturXNames
+	}
+
 	return nil
 }

@@ -203,7 +211,7 @@ func (mod *PdfEngines) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {
 // actually exist.
 func (mod *PdfEngines) Validate() error {
 	if len(mod.engines) == 0 {
-		return errors.New("no PDF engine")
+		return errors.New("no PDF engine is available; enable at least one engine module (e.g. qpdf, pdfcpu, pdftk, libreoffice-pdfengine, exiftool)")
 	}

 	availableEngines := make([]string, len(mod.engines))
@@ -250,6 +258,7 @@ func (mod *PdfEngines) Validate() error {
 	findNonExistingEngines(mod.watermarkNames)
 	findNonExistingEngines(mod.stampNames)
 	findNonExistingEngines(mod.rotateNames)
+	findNonExistingEngines(mod.facturXNames)

 	if len(nonExistingEngines) == 0 {
 		return nil
@@ -276,6 +285,7 @@ func (mod *PdfEngines) SystemMessages() []string {
 		fmt.Sprintf("watermark engines - %s", strings.Join(mod.watermarkNames, " ")),
 		fmt.Sprintf("stamp engines - %s", strings.Join(mod.stampNames, " ")),
 		fmt.Sprintf("rotate engines - %s", strings.Join(mod.rotateNames, " ")),
+		fmt.Sprintf("factur-x engines - %s", strings.Join(mod.facturXNames, " ")),
 	}
 }

@@ -310,6 +320,7 @@ func (mod *PdfEngines) PdfEngine() (gotenberg.PdfEngine, error) {
 		engines(mod.watermarkNames),
 		engines(mod.stampNames),
 		engines(mod.rotateNames),
+		engines(mod.facturXNames),
 	), nil
 }

@@ -340,6 +351,7 @@ func (mod *PdfEngines) Routes() ([]api.Route, error) {
 		watermarkRoute(engine),
 		stampRoute(engine),
 		rotateRoute(engine),
+		facturXRoute(engine),
 	}, nil
 }

--- a/pkg/modules/pdfengines/routes.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/pdfengines/routes.go
@@ -467,21 +467,244 @@ func EmbedFilesMetadataStub(ctx *api.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine, metada
 	return nil
 }

-// FormDataPdfEncrypt extracts encryption parameters from form data.
-func FormDataPdfEncrypt(form *api.FormData) (userPassword, ownerPassword string) {
-	form.String("userPassword", &userPassword, "")
-	form.String("ownerPassword", &ownerPassword, "")
-	return userPassword, ownerPassword
+// FormDataPdfFacturX extracts the Factur-X parameters and the invoice XML path
+// from form data. Factur-X is requested when both facturxConformanceLevel and
+// facturxXml are provided. The embedded XML always takes the canonical
+// [gotenberg.FacturXDocumentFileName] name.
+func FormDataPdfFacturX(form *api.FormData) (gotenberg.FacturX, string) {
+	var (
+		facturxXmlPath   string
+		conformanceLevel string
+		documentType     string
+		version          string
+	)
+
+	form.
+		FacturXXml(&facturxXmlPath).
+		Custom("facturxConformanceLevel", func(value string) error {
+			conformanceLevel = value
+			switch value {
+			case "",
+				gotenberg.FacturXConformanceMinimum,
+				gotenberg.FacturXConformanceBasicWL,
+				gotenberg.FacturXConformanceBasic,
+				gotenberg.FacturXConformanceEN16931,
+				gotenberg.FacturXConformanceExtended,
+				gotenberg.FacturXConformanceXRechnung:
+				return nil
+			default:
+				return fmt.Errorf("unsupported conformance level '%s'", value)
+			}
+		}).
+		Custom("facturxDocumentType", func(value string) error {
+			if value == "" {
+				documentType = gotenberg.FacturXDocumentTypeInvoice
+				return nil
+			}
+			documentType = value
+			switch value {
+			case gotenberg.FacturXDocumentTypeInvoice,
+				gotenberg.FacturXDocumentTypeOrder,
+				gotenberg.FacturXDocumentTypeOrderResponse,
+				gotenberg.FacturXDocumentTypeOrderChange:
+				return nil
+			default:
+				return fmt.Errorf("unsupported document type '%s'", value)
+			}
+		}).
+		String("facturxVersion", &version, "1.0")
+
+	return gotenberg.FacturX{
+		ConformanceLevel: conformanceLevel,
+		DocumentType:     documentType,
+		DocumentFileName: gotenberg.FacturXDocumentFileName,
+		Version:          version,
+	}, facturxXmlPath
 }

-// EncryptPdfStub adds password protection to PDF files.
-func EncryptPdfStub(ctx *api.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine, userPassword, ownerPassword string, inputPaths []string) error {
-	if userPassword == "" {
+// isPdfA3 reports whether the format is a PDF/A-3 variant, the only family that
+// allows the embedded files Factur-X requires.
+func isPdfA3(pdfA string) bool {
+	return pdfA == gotenberg.PdfA3a || pdfA == gotenberg.PdfA3b || pdfA == gotenberg.PdfA3u
+}
+
+// ValidateFacturXCompat enforces the Factur-X pairing and PDF/A-3 rules. It
+// returns a 400 error when the request is half-specified, or when an explicit
+// PDF/A format is not a PDF/A-3 variant.
+func ValidateFacturXCompat(facturX gotenberg.FacturX, facturxXmlPath string, pdfFormats gotenberg.PdfFormats) error {
+	if facturX.ConformanceLevel == "" && facturxXmlPath == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if facturX.ConformanceLevel == "" {
+		return api.WrapError(
+			errors.New("facturxConformanceLevel is required when facturxXml is provided"),
+			api.NewSentinelHttpError(http.StatusBadRequest, "Invalid form data: 'facturxConformanceLevel' is required when 'facturxXml' is provided"),
+		)
+	}
+
+	if facturxXmlPath == "" {
+		return api.WrapError(
+			errors.New("facturxXml is required when facturxConformanceLevel is set"),
+			api.NewSentinelHttpError(http.StatusBadRequest, "Invalid form data: 'facturxXml' file is required when 'facturxConformanceLevel' is set"),
+		)
+	}
+
+	if pdfFormats.PdfA != "" && !isPdfA3(pdfFormats.PdfA) {
+		return api.WrapError(
+			fmt.Errorf("Factur-X requires PDF/A-3, got '%s'", pdfFormats.PdfA),
+			api.NewSentinelHttpError(http.StatusBadRequest, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid form data: Factur-X requires a PDF/A-3 variant (PDF/A-3a, PDF/A-3b, or PDF/A-3u), got '%s'", pdfFormats.PdfA)),
+		)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// FacturXPdfFormats returns the PDF/A formats to convert to so the output meets
+// Factur-X's PDF/A-3 requirement. It returns pdfFormats unchanged when Factur-X
+// is not requested or the caller already asked for a PDF/A-3 variant. Otherwise
+// it defaults to PDF/A-3b, except for pre-existing PDFs (sourceDoc false) that
+// already carry PDF/A-3, which are left untouched.
+func FacturXPdfFormats(ctx *api.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine, facturX gotenberg.FacturX, pdfFormats gotenberg.PdfFormats, sourceDoc bool, inputPaths []string) gotenberg.PdfFormats {
+	if facturX.ConformanceLevel == "" || isPdfA3(pdfFormats.PdfA) {
+		return pdfFormats
+	}
+
+	if sourceDoc {
+		pdfFormats.PdfA = gotenberg.PdfA3b
+		return pdfFormats
+	}
+
+	// Pre-existing PDFs: keep an already-PDF/A-3 input as-is, otherwise default
+	// to PDF/A-3b.
+	for _, inputPath := range inputPaths {
+		part, _, err := engine.ReadPdfAConformance(ctx, ctx.Log(), inputPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			ctx.Log().DebugContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("read PDF/A conformance of '%s', assuming not PDF/A-3: %s", inputPath, err))
+			part = ""
+		}
+		if part != "3" {
+			pdfFormats.PdfA = gotenberg.PdfA3b
+			return pdfFormats
+		}
+	}
+
+	return pdfFormats
+}
+
+// ApplyFacturXStub turns each input PDF into a Factur-X document: it embeds the
+// CII invoice XML under the canonical name with AFRelationship "Alternative",
+// then injects the fx XMP metadata. The inputs must already be PDF/A-3 (see
+// [FacturXPdfFormats]). It is a no-op when Factur-X is not requested.
+func ApplyFacturXStub(ctx *api.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine, facturX gotenberg.FacturX, facturxXmlPath string, inputPaths []string) error {
+	if facturX.ConformanceLevel == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	err := embedFacturXXml(ctx, engine, facturxXmlPath, inputPaths)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	metadata := map[string]map[string]string{
+		facturX.DocumentFileName: {
+			"mimeType":     "text/xml",
+			"relationship": "Alternative",
+		},
+	}
+	err = EmbedFilesMetadataStub(ctx, engine, metadata, inputPaths)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("set Factur-X embed metadata: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	err = InjectFacturXXMPStub(ctx, engine, facturX, inputPaths)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// embedFacturXXml embeds the Factur-X invoice XML into each PDF under the
+// canonical [gotenberg.FacturXDocumentFileName] name, regardless of the
+// uploaded file name.
+func embedFacturXXml(ctx *api.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine, facturxXmlPath string, inputPaths []string) error {
+	embedDir, err := ctx.CreateSubDirectory(uuid.New().String())
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("create Factur-X embed subdirectory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	canonicalPath := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", embedDir, gotenberg.FacturXDocumentFileName)
+	err = os.Symlink(facturxXmlPath, canonicalPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("symlink Factur-X invoice XML: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, inputPath := range inputPaths {
+		err = engine.EmbedFiles(ctx, ctx.Log(), []string{canonicalPath}, inputPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("embed Factur-X invoice XML into PDF '%s': %w", inputPath, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// InjectFacturXXMPStub injects Factur-X XMP metadata into PDF files. If the
+// Factur-X data is not set, it does nothing.
+func InjectFacturXXMPStub(ctx *api.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine, facturX gotenberg.FacturX, inputPaths []string) error {
+	if facturX.ConformanceLevel == "" {
 		return nil
 	}

 	for _, inputPath := range inputPaths {
-		err := engine.Encrypt(ctx, ctx.Log(), inputPath, userPassword, ownerPassword)
+		err := engine.InjectFacturXXMP(ctx, ctx.Log(), facturX, inputPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("inject Factur-X XMP into PDF '%s': %w", inputPath, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// FormDataPdfEncrypt extracts the encryption parameters and permissions from
+// form data. Permissions default to allowed.
+func FormDataPdfEncrypt(form *api.FormData) gotenberg.EncryptOptions {
+	var opts gotenberg.EncryptOptions
+	form.
+		String("userPassword", &opts.UserPassword, "").
+		String("ownerPassword", &opts.OwnerPassword, "").
+		Bool("allowPrinting", &opts.Permissions.AllowPrinting, true).
+		Bool("allowCopying", &opts.Permissions.AllowCopying, true).
+		Bool("allowModifying", &opts.Permissions.AllowModifying, true).
+		Bool("allowAnnotating", &opts.Permissions.AllowAnnotating, true).
+		Bool("allowFillingForms", &opts.Permissions.AllowFillingForms, true).
+		Bool("allowAssembling", &opts.Permissions.AllowAssembling, true)
+	return opts
+}
+
+// ValidatePdfEncryptCompat returns a 400 error when permission restrictions are
+// requested without a password to anchor them.
+func ValidatePdfEncryptCompat(opts gotenberg.EncryptOptions) error {
+	if opts.Permissions.Restricted() && opts.UserPassword == "" && opts.OwnerPassword == "" {
+		return api.WrapError(
+			errors.New("permission restrictions require a password"),
+			api.NewSentinelHttpError(http.StatusBadRequest, "Invalid form data: permission restrictions require a 'userPassword' or 'ownerPassword'"),
+		)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// EncryptPdfStub adds password protection and permission restrictions to PDF
+// files. It does nothing when no password is provided.
+func EncryptPdfStub(ctx *api.Context, engine gotenberg.PdfEngine, opts gotenberg.EncryptOptions, inputPaths []string) error {
+	if opts.UserPassword == "" && opts.OwnerPassword == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	for _, inputPath := range inputPaths {
+		err := engine.Encrypt(ctx, ctx.Log(), inputPath, opts)
 		if err != nil {
 			return fmt.Errorf("encrypt PDF '%s': %w", inputPath, err)
 		}
@@ -699,7 +922,7 @@ func mergeRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			pdfFormats := FormDataPdfFormats(form)
 			metadata := FormDataPdfMetadata(form, false)
 			bookmarks := FormDataPdfBookmarks(form, false)
-			userPassword, ownerPassword := FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)
+			encrypt := FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)
 			embedPaths := FormDataPdfEmbeds(form)
 			watermark := FormDataPdfWatermark(form, false)
 			watermarkFile := FormDataPdfWatermarkFile(form)
@@ -707,6 +930,7 @@ func mergeRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			stampFile := FormDataPdfStampFile(form)
 			angle, rotatePages := FormDataPdfRotate(form, false)
 			embedsMetadata := FormDataPdfEmbedsMetadata(form)
+			facturX, facturxXmlPath := FormDataPdfFacturX(form)

 			var inputPaths []string
 			var flatten bool
@@ -729,7 +953,17 @@ func mergeRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 				return fmt.Errorf("validate stamp: %w", err)
 			}

-			err = ValidatePdfFormatsCompat(pdfFormats, userPassword, embedPaths)
+			err = ValidatePdfFormatsCompat(pdfFormats, encrypt.UserPassword, embedPaths)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			err = ValidatePdfEncryptCompat(encrypt)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			err = ValidateFacturXCompat(facturX, facturxXmlPath, pdfFormats)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -764,6 +998,8 @@ func mergeRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 				}
 			}

+			pdfFormats = FacturXPdfFormats(ctx, engine, facturX, pdfFormats, false, outputPaths)
+
 			outputPaths, err = ConvertStub(ctx, engine, pdfFormats, outputPaths)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("convert PDF: %w", err)
@@ -830,7 +1066,12 @@ func mergeRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 				return fmt.Errorf("set embeds metadata: %w", err)
 			}

-			err = EncryptPdfStub(ctx, engine, userPassword, ownerPassword, outputPaths)
+			err = ApplyFacturXStub(ctx, engine, facturX, facturxXmlPath, outputPaths)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("apply Factur-X: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			err = EncryptPdfStub(ctx, engine, encrypt, outputPaths)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("encrypt PDFs: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -858,7 +1099,7 @@ func splitRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			mode := FormDataPdfSplitMode(form, true)
 			pdfFormats := FormDataPdfFormats(form)
 			metadata := FormDataPdfMetadata(form, false)
-			userPassword, ownerPassword := FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)
+			encrypt := FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)
 			embedPaths := FormDataPdfEmbeds(form)
 			watermark := FormDataPdfWatermark(form, false)
 			watermarkFile := FormDataPdfWatermarkFile(form)
@@ -866,6 +1107,7 @@ func splitRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			stampFile := FormDataPdfStampFile(form)
 			angle, rotatePages := FormDataPdfRotate(form, false)
 			embedsMetadata := FormDataPdfEmbedsMetadata(form)
+			facturX, facturxXmlPath := FormDataPdfFacturX(form)

 			var inputPaths []string
 			var flatten bool
@@ -886,7 +1128,17 @@ func splitRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 				return fmt.Errorf("validate stamp: %w", err)
 			}

-			err = ValidatePdfFormatsCompat(pdfFormats, userPassword, embedPaths)
+			err = ValidatePdfFormatsCompat(pdfFormats, encrypt.UserPassword, embedPaths)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			err = ValidatePdfEncryptCompat(encrypt)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			err = ValidateFacturXCompat(facturX, facturxXmlPath, pdfFormats)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -918,6 +1170,8 @@ func splitRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 				}
 			}

+			pdfFormats = FacturXPdfFormats(ctx, engine, facturX, pdfFormats, false, outputPaths)
+
 			convertOutputPaths, err := ConvertStub(ctx, engine, pdfFormats, outputPaths)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("convert PDFs: %w", err)
@@ -940,7 +1194,12 @@ func splitRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 				return fmt.Errorf("set embeds metadata: %w", err)
 			}

-			err = EncryptPdfStub(ctx, engine, userPassword, ownerPassword, convertOutputPaths)
+			err = ApplyFacturXStub(ctx, engine, facturX, facturxXmlPath, convertOutputPaths)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("apply Factur-X: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			err = EncryptPdfStub(ctx, engine, encrypt, convertOutputPaths)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("encrypt PDFs: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -1224,20 +1483,26 @@ func encryptRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			ctx := c.Get("context").(*api.Context)

 			form := ctx.FormData()
+			encrypt := FormDataPdfEncrypt(form)

 			var inputPaths []string
-			var userPassword string
-			var ownerPassword string
 			err := form.
 				MandatoryPaths([]string{".pdf"}, &inputPaths).
-				MandatoryString("userPassword", &userPassword).
-				String("ownerPassword", &ownerPassword, "").
 				Validate()
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("validate form data: %w", err)
 			}

-			err = EncryptPdfStub(ctx, engine, userPassword, ownerPassword, inputPaths)
+			// At least one password is required; an empty user password with an
+			// owner password yields an owner-only document.
+			if encrypt.UserPassword == "" && encrypt.OwnerPassword == "" {
+				return api.WrapError(
+					errors.New("no password provided"),
+					api.NewSentinelHttpError(http.StatusBadRequest, "Invalid form data: a 'userPassword' or 'ownerPassword' is required"),
+				)
+			}
+
+			err = EncryptPdfStub(ctx, engine, encrypt, inputPaths)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("encrypt PDFs: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -1265,6 +1530,7 @@ func embedRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			form := ctx.FormData()
 			embedPaths := FormDataPdfEmbeds(form)
 			embedsMetadata := FormDataPdfEmbedsMetadata(form)
+			facturX, facturxXmlPath := FormDataPdfFacturX(form)

 			var inputPaths []string
 			err := form.
@@ -1273,17 +1539,36 @@ func embedRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("validate form data: %w", err)
 			}
-			err = EmbedFilesStub(ctx, engine, embedPaths, inputPaths)
+
+			err = ValidateFacturXCompat(facturX, facturxXmlPath, gotenberg.PdfFormats{})
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			// Factur-X requires PDF/A-3. Convert when needed; a no-op otherwise,
+			// so a plain embed request keeps its inputs untouched.
+			pdfFormats := FacturXPdfFormats(ctx, engine, facturX, gotenberg.PdfFormats{}, false, inputPaths)
+			outputPaths, err := ConvertStub(ctx, engine, pdfFormats, inputPaths)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("convert PDFs: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			err = EmbedFilesStub(ctx, engine, embedPaths, outputPaths)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("embed files into PDFs: %w", err)
 			}

-			err = EmbedFilesMetadataStub(ctx, engine, embedsMetadata, inputPaths)
+			err = EmbedFilesMetadataStub(ctx, engine, embedsMetadata, outputPaths)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("set embeds metadata: %w", err)
 			}

-			err = ctx.AddOutputPaths(inputPaths...)
+			err = ApplyFacturXStub(ctx, engine, facturX, facturxXmlPath, outputPaths)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("apply Factur-X: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			err = ctx.AddOutputPaths(outputPaths...)
 			if err != nil {
 				return fmt.Errorf("add output paths: %w", err)
 			}
@@ -1413,3 +1698,61 @@ func rotateRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
 		},
 	}
 }
+
+// facturXRoute returns an [api.Route] which turns existing PDFs into Factur-X
+// documents: it ensures PDF/A-3, embeds the CII invoice XML, and injects the fx
+// XMP metadata.
+func facturXRoute(engine gotenberg.PdfEngine) api.Route {
+	return api.Route{
+		Method:      http.MethodPost,
+		Path:        "/forms/pdfengines/factur-x",
+		IsMultipart: true,
+		Handler: func(c echo.Context) error {
+			ctx := c.Get("context").(*api.Context)
+
+			form := ctx.FormData()
+			pdfFormats := FormDataPdfFormats(form)
+			facturX, facturxXmlPath := FormDataPdfFacturX(form)
+
+			var inputPaths []string
+			err := form.
+				MandatoryPaths([]string{".pdf"}, &inputPaths).
+				Validate()
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("validate form data: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			// Factur-X is the whole point of this route, so both fields are
+			// mandatory here.
+			if facturX.ConformanceLevel == "" || facturxXmlPath == "" {
+				return api.WrapError(
+					errors.New("facturxConformanceLevel and facturxXml are required"),
+					api.NewSentinelHttpError(http.StatusBadRequest, "Invalid form data: 'facturxConformanceLevel' and 'facturxXml' are both required"),
+				)
+			}
+
+			err = ValidateFacturXCompat(facturX, facturxXmlPath, pdfFormats)
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+
+			pdfFormats = FacturXPdfFormats(ctx, engine, facturX, pdfFormats, false, inputPaths)
+			outputPaths, err := ConvertStub(ctx, engine, pdfFormats, inputPaths)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("convert PDFs: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			err = ApplyFacturXStub(ctx, engine, facturX, facturxXmlPath, outputPaths)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("apply Factur-X: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			err = ctx.AddOutputPaths(outputPaths...)
+			if err != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("add output paths: %w", err)
+			}
+
+			return nil
+		},
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/pdftk/pdftk.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/pdftk/pdftk.go
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@ import (
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"

+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
 	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.40.0"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
@@ -26,6 +28,9 @@ func init() {
 // interface.
 type PdfTk struct {
 	binPath string
+
+	version     string
+	versionOnce sync.Once
 }

 // Descriptor returns a [PdfTk]'s module descriptor.
@@ -60,32 +65,58 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) Validate() error {

 // Debug returns additional debug data.
 func (engine *PdfTk) Debug() map[string]any {
-	debug := make(map[string]any)
+	return map[string]any{"version": engine.detectVersion()}
+}

-	cmd := exec.Command(engine.binPath, "--version") //nolint:gosec
-	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+// detectVersion resolves the PDFtk version once, preferring the value captured
+// at image build time so it never spawns the PDFtk JVM at runtime. It falls
+// back to running pdftk --version for local or non-Docker builds.
+func (engine *PdfTk) detectVersion() string {
+	engine.versionOnce.Do(func() {
+		if v, ok := gotenberg.BuildVersion("pdftk"); ok {
+			engine.version = v
+			return
+		}

-	output, err := cmd.Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		debug["version"] = err.Error()
-		return debug
+		cmd := exec.Command(engine.binPath, "--version") //nolint:gosec
+		cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+
+		output, err := cmd.Output()
+		if err != nil {
+			engine.version = err.Error()
+			return
+		}
+
+		lines := bytes.SplitN(output, []byte("\n"), 2)
+		if len(lines) > 0 {
+			engine.version = string(lines[0])
+			return
+		}
+
+		engine.version = "Unable to determine PDFtk version"
+	})
+
+	return engine.version
+}
+
+// spanAttrs returns the client-span attributes for a PDFtk invocation: the
+// server address and the PDFtk version, plus any extra attributes. The version
+// rides on every span so a trace records which PDFtk ran the operation.
+func (engine *PdfTk) spanAttrs(extra ...attribute.KeyValue) []attribute.KeyValue {
+	attrs := make([]attribute.KeyValue, 0, 2+len(extra))
+	attrs = append(attrs, semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath))
+	if v := engine.detectVersion(); v != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, attribute.String("gotenberg.pdftk.version", v))
 	}

-	lines := bytes.SplitN(output, []byte("\n"), 2)
-	if len(lines) > 0 {
-		debug["version"] = string(lines[0])
-	} else {
-		debug["version"] = "Unable to determine PDFtk version"
-	}
-
-	return debug
+	return append(attrs, extra...)
 }

 // Split splits a given PDF file.
 func (engine *PdfTk) Split(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, mode gotenberg.SplitMode, inputPath, outputDirPath string) ([]string, error) {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.Split",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -132,7 +163,7 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) Split(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, mode gotenb
 func (engine *PdfTk) Merge(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPaths []string, outputPath string) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.Merge",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -164,7 +195,7 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) Merge(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPaths
 func (engine *PdfTk) Flatten(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.Flatten",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -178,7 +209,7 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) Flatten(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath
 func (engine *PdfTk) Convert(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, formats gotenberg.PdfFormats, inputPath, outputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.Convert",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -192,7 +223,7 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) Convert(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, formats g
 func (engine *PdfTk) ReadMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (map[string]any, error) {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.ReadMetadata",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -206,7 +237,7 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) ReadMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inpu
 func (engine *PdfTk) WriteMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, metadata map[string]any, inputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.WriteMetadata",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -220,7 +251,7 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) WriteMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, met
 func (engine *PdfTk) PageCount(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (int, error) {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.PageCount",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -234,7 +265,7 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) PageCount(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPa
 func (engine *PdfTk) WriteBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, bookmarks []gotenberg.Bookmark) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.WriteBookmarks",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -248,7 +279,7 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) WriteBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, in
 func (engine *PdfTk) ReadBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) ([]gotenberg.Bookmark, error) {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.ReadBookmarks",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -259,21 +290,21 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) ReadBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inp
 }

 // Encrypt adds password protection to a PDF file using PDFtk.
-func (engine *PdfTk) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath, userPassword, ownerPassword string) error {
+func (engine *PdfTk) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, opts gotenberg.EncryptOptions) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.Encrypt",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

-	if userPassword == "" {
-		err := errors.New("user password cannot be empty")
+	if opts.UserPassword == "" || opts.Permissions.Restricted() {
+		err := gotenberg.NewPdfEngineInvalidArgs("pdftk", "owner-only encryption and permission restrictions are not supported; consider switching to another PDF engine (e.g. qpdf)")
 		span.RecordError(err)
 		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 		return err
 	}

-	if ownerPassword == userPassword || ownerPassword == "" {
+	if opts.OwnerPassword == opts.UserPassword || opts.OwnerPassword == "" {
 		err := gotenberg.NewPdfEngineInvalidArgs("pdftk", "both 'userPassword' and 'ownerPassword' must be provided and different. Consider switching to another PDF engine if this behavior does not work with your workflow")
 		span.RecordError(err)
 		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
@@ -287,8 +318,8 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath
 	args = append(args, inputPath)
 	args = append(args, "output", tmpPath)
 	args = append(args, "encrypt_128bit")
-	args = append(args, "user_pw", userPassword)
-	args = append(args, "owner_pw", ownerPassword)
+	args = append(args, "user_pw", opts.UserPassword)
+	args = append(args, "owner_pw", opts.OwnerPassword)

 	cmd, err := gotenberg.CommandContext(ctx, logger, engine.binPath, args...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -322,7 +353,7 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath
 func (engine *PdfTk) EmbedFiles(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, filePaths []string, inputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.EmbedFiles",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -339,7 +370,7 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) EmbedFiles(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, filePa
 func (engine *PdfTk) Watermark(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp gotenberg.Stamp) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.Watermark",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -389,7 +420,7 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) Watermark(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPa
 func (engine *PdfTk) Stamp(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp gotenberg.Stamp) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.Stamp",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -438,7 +469,7 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) Stamp(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath s
 func (engine *PdfTk) Rotate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, angle int, pages string) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "pdftk.Rotate",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -500,6 +531,16 @@ func (engine *PdfTk) EmbedFilesMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger
 	return fmt.Errorf("set embeds metadata with PDFtk: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
 }

+// InjectFacturXXMP is not available in this implementation.
+func (engine *PdfTk) InjectFacturXXMP(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, facturX gotenberg.FacturX, inputPath string) error {
+	return fmt.Errorf("inject Factur-X XMP with PDFtk: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
+}
+
+// ReadPdfAConformance is not available in this implementation.
+func (engine *PdfTk) ReadPdfAConformance(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (string, string, error) {
+	return "", "", fmt.Errorf("read PDF/A conformance with PDFtk: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfEngineMethodNotSupported)
+}
+
 // Interface guards.
 var (
 	_ gotenberg.Module      = (*PdfTk)(nil)
--- a/pkg/modules/qpdf/encrypt_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/qpdf/encrypt_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+package qpdf
+
+import (
+	"reflect"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
+)
+
+func TestQpdfPermissionArgs(t *testing.T) {
+	allAllowed := gotenberg.PdfPermissions{
+		AllowPrinting:     true,
+		AllowCopying:      true,
+		AllowModifying:    true,
+		AllowAnnotating:   true,
+		AllowFillingForms: true,
+		AllowAssembling:   true,
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		scenario string
+		perms    gotenberg.PdfPermissions
+		expect   []string
+	}{
+		{
+			scenario: "all allowed yields no flags",
+			perms:    allAllowed,
+			expect:   nil,
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "printing denied",
+			perms: gotenberg.PdfPermissions{
+				AllowPrinting:     false,
+				AllowCopying:      true,
+				AllowModifying:    true,
+				AllowAnnotating:   true,
+				AllowFillingForms: true,
+				AllowAssembling:   true,
+			},
+			expect: []string{
+				"--print=none",
+				"--extract=y",
+				"--modify-other=y",
+				"--annotate=y",
+				"--form=y",
+				"--assemble=y",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			scenario: "copying denied",
+			perms: gotenberg.PdfPermissions{
+				AllowPrinting:     true,
+				AllowCopying:      false,
+				AllowModifying:    true,
+				AllowAnnotating:   true,
+				AllowFillingForms: true,
+				AllowAssembling:   true,
+			},
+			expect: []string{
+				"--print=full",
+				"--extract=n",
+				"--modify-other=y",
+				"--annotate=y",
+				"--form=y",
+				"--assemble=y",
+			},
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := qpdfPermissionArgs(tc.perms)
+			if !reflect.DeepEqual(got, tc.expect) {
+				t.Errorf("expected %v but got %v", tc.expect, got)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/qpdf/facturx_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/qpdf/facturx_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,299 @@
+package qpdf
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
+)
+
+func TestValidateFacturX(t *testing.T) {
+	valid := gotenberg.FacturX{
+		ConformanceLevel: gotenberg.FacturXConformanceEN16931,
+		DocumentType:     gotenberg.FacturXDocumentTypeInvoice,
+		DocumentFileName: "factur-x.xml",
+		Version:          "1.0",
+	}
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		mutate    func(f *gotenberg.FacturX)
+		wantError bool
+	}{
+		{name: "valid", mutate: func(*gotenberg.FacturX) {}},
+		{
+			name:   "valid BASIC WL conformance",
+			mutate: func(f *gotenberg.FacturX) { f.ConformanceLevel = gotenberg.FacturXConformanceBasicWL },
+		},
+		{
+			name:   "valid ORDER document type",
+			mutate: func(f *gotenberg.FacturX) { f.DocumentType = gotenberg.FacturXDocumentTypeOrder },
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "unsupported conformance level",
+			mutate:    func(f *gotenberg.FacturX) { f.ConformanceLevel = "FOO" },
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "empty conformance level",
+			mutate:    func(f *gotenberg.FacturX) { f.ConformanceLevel = "" },
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "unsupported document type",
+			mutate:    func(f *gotenberg.FacturX) { f.DocumentType = "RECEIPT" },
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "empty document file name",
+			mutate:    func(f *gotenberg.FacturX) { f.DocumentFileName = "" },
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "empty version",
+			mutate:    func(f *gotenberg.FacturX) { f.Version = "" },
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			facturX := valid
+			tt.mutate(&facturX)
+
+			err := validateFacturX(facturX)
+			if tt.wantError {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatal("expected an error, got nil")
+				}
+				if !errors.Is(err, gotenberg.ErrPdfFacturXValueNotSupported) {
+					t.Errorf("expected ErrPdfFacturXValueNotSupported, got %v", err)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Errorf("expected no error, got %v", err)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFindMetadataStream(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		input     string
+		wantKey   string
+		wantXMP   string
+		wantError bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "metadata stream found",
+			// "PFhtcD4=" is base64 for "<xmp>".
+			input:   `{"qpdf":[{},{"obj:1 0 R":{"value":{"/Type":"/Catalog","/Metadata":"4 0 R"}},"obj:4 0 R":{"stream":{"dict":{"/Type":"/Metadata","/Subtype":"/XML"},"data":"PHhtcD4="}}}]}`,
+			wantKey: "obj:4 0 R",
+			wantXMP: "<xmp>",
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "catalog without metadata reference",
+			input:     `{"qpdf":[{},{"obj:1 0 R":{"value":{"/Type":"/Catalog"}}}]}`,
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "metadata object missing",
+			input:     `{"qpdf":[{},{"obj:1 0 R":{"value":{"/Type":"/Catalog","/Metadata":"4 0 R"}}}]}`,
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:      "metadata object is not a stream",
+			input:     `{"qpdf":[{},{"obj:1 0 R":{"value":{"/Type":"/Catalog","/Metadata":"4 0 R"}},"obj:4 0 R":{"value":{"/Type":"/Metadata"}}}]}`,
+			wantError: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			objects, err := parsePdfObjects([]byte(tt.input))
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("parse objects: %v", err)
+			}
+
+			key, dict, xmp, err := findMetadataStream(objects)
+			if tt.wantError {
+				if err == nil {
+					t.Fatal("expected an error, got nil")
+				}
+				return
+			}
+
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("expected no error, got %v", err)
+			}
+			if key != tt.wantKey {
+				t.Errorf("key = %q, want %q", key, tt.wantKey)
+			}
+			if xmp != tt.wantXMP {
+				t.Errorf("xmp = %q, want %q", xmp, tt.wantXMP)
+			}
+			if dict == nil {
+				t.Error("expected a non-nil dict")
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestInjectFacturXIntoXMP(t *testing.T) {
+	facturX := gotenberg.FacturX{
+		ConformanceLevel: gotenberg.FacturXConformanceEN16931,
+		DocumentType:     gotenberg.FacturXDocumentTypeInvoice,
+		DocumentFileName: "factur-x.xml",
+		Version:          "1.0",
+	}
+
+	// The packet a LibreOffice PDF/A-3b export produces: no pdfaExtension bag.
+	libreOfficeXMP := `<?xpacket begin="" id="W5M0MpCehiHzreSzNTczkc9d"?>
+<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/">
+ <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:pdfaid="http://www.aiim.org/pdfa/ns/id/">
+   <pdfaid:part>3</pdfaid:part>
+   <pdfaid:conformance>B</pdfaid:conformance>
+  </rdf:Description>
+ </rdf:RDF>
+</x:xmpmeta>
+<?xpacket end="w"?>`
+
+	t.Run("creates extension schema when bag absent", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, changed := injectFacturXIntoXMP(libreOfficeXMP, facturX)
+		if !changed {
+			t.Fatal("expected changed = true")
+		}
+		assertContains(t, got, facturXNamespaceURI)
+		assertContains(t, got, "<fx:ConformanceLevel>EN 16931</fx:ConformanceLevel>")
+		assertContains(t, got, "<fx:DocumentType>INVOICE</fx:DocumentType>")
+		assertContains(t, got, "<fx:DocumentFileName>factur-x.xml</fx:DocumentFileName>")
+		assertContains(t, got, "<fx:Version>1.0</fx:Version>")
+		assertContains(t, got, "pdfaExtension:schemas")
+		assertContains(t, got, "http://www.aiim.org/pdfa/ns/extension/")
+		// The fx blocks must land inside the RDF container.
+		if strings.Index(got, facturXNamespaceURI) > strings.LastIndex(got, "</rdf:RDF>") {
+			t.Error("fx content injected outside the rdf:RDF container")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("idempotent when fx already present", func(t *testing.T) {
+		once, _ := injectFacturXIntoXMP(libreOfficeXMP, facturX)
+		twice, changed := injectFacturXIntoXMP(once, facturX)
+		if changed {
+			t.Error("expected changed = false on a packet that already declares fx")
+		}
+		if twice != once {
+			t.Error("expected the packet to be left untouched")
+		}
+		if strings.Count(twice, "<pdfaExtension:schemas>") != 1 {
+			t.Error("expected exactly one pdfaExtension:schemas declaration")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("appends entry to an existing bag", func(t *testing.T) {
+		withBag := `<x:xmpmeta xmlns:x="adobe:ns:meta/">
+ <rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#">
+  <rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:pdfaExtension="http://www.aiim.org/pdfa/ns/extension/" xmlns:pdfaSchema="http://www.aiim.org/pdfa/ns/schema#" xmlns:pdfaProperty="http://www.aiim.org/pdfa/ns/property#">
+   <pdfaExtension:schemas>
+    <rdf:Bag>
+     <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource"><pdfaSchema:prefix>other</pdfaSchema:prefix></rdf:li>
+    </rdf:Bag>
+   </pdfaExtension:schemas>
+  </rdf:Description>
+ </rdf:RDF>
+</x:xmpmeta>`
+		got, changed := injectFacturXIntoXMP(withBag, facturX)
+		if !changed {
+			t.Fatal("expected changed = true")
+		}
+		assertContains(t, got, facturXNamespaceURI)
+		if strings.Count(got, "<pdfaExtension:schemas>") != 1 {
+			t.Error("expected the existing pdfaExtension:schemas bag to be reused, not duplicated")
+		}
+		if strings.Count(got, "<pdfaSchema:prefix>") != 2 {
+			t.Error("expected both the existing and the fx schema entries")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("no rdf:RDF anchor leaves packet unchanged", func(t *testing.T) {
+		got, changed := injectFacturXIntoXMP("not an xmp packet", facturX)
+		if changed {
+			t.Error("expected changed = false")
+		}
+		if got != "not an xmp packet" {
+			t.Error("expected the packet to be left untouched")
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("escapes runtime values", func(t *testing.T) {
+		escaped := facturX
+		escaped.DocumentFileName = "a&b<c>.xml"
+		got, _ := injectFacturXIntoXMP(libreOfficeXMP, escaped)
+		assertContains(t, got, "a&amp;b&lt;c&gt;.xml")
+		if strings.Contains(got, "<fx:DocumentFileName>a&b<c>.xml") {
+			t.Error("expected the document file name to be XML-escaped")
+		}
+	})
+}
+
+func assertContains(t *testing.T, haystack, needle string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if !strings.Contains(haystack, needle) {
+		t.Errorf("expected output to contain %q", needle)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParsePdfAId(t *testing.T) {
+	for _, tc := range []struct {
+		scenario      string
+		xmp           string
+		expectPart    string
+		expectConform string
+	}{
+		{
+			scenario:      "element form",
+			xmp:           `<rdf:Description><pdfaid:part>3</pdfaid:part><pdfaid:conformance>B</pdfaid:conformance></rdf:Description>`,
+			expectPart:    "3",
+			expectConform: "B",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:      "attribute form",
+			xmp:           `<rdf:Description pdfaid:part="3" pdfaid:conformance="U"></rdf:Description>`,
+			expectPart:    "3",
+			expectConform: "U",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:      "part 2",
+			xmp:           `<pdfaid:part>2</pdfaid:part><pdfaid:conformance>B</pdfaid:conformance>`,
+			expectPart:    "2",
+			expectConform: "B",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:      "no pdfa identification",
+			xmp:           `<rdf:Description><dc:title>foo</dc:title></rdf:Description>`,
+			expectPart:    "",
+			expectConform: "",
+		},
+		{
+			scenario:      "empty packet",
+			xmp:           "",
+			expectPart:    "",
+			expectConform: "",
+		},
+	} {
+		t.Run(tc.scenario, func(t *testing.T) {
+			part, conformance := parsePdfAId(tc.xmp)
+			if part != tc.expectPart {
+				t.Errorf("expected part %q but got %q", tc.expectPart, part)
+			}
+			if conformance != tc.expectConform {
+				t.Errorf("expected conformance %q but got %q", tc.expectConform, conformance)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/qpdf/qpdf.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/qpdf/qpdf.go
@@ -3,16 +3,21 @@ package qpdf
 import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"encoding/json"
+	"encoding/xml"
 	"errors"
 	"fmt"
 	"log/slog"
 	"os"
 	"os/exec"
 	"path/filepath"
+	"regexp"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"

+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/attribute"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/codes"
 	semconv "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/semconv/v1.40.0"
 	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
@@ -29,6 +34,9 @@ func init() {
 type QPdf struct {
 	binPath    string
 	globalArgs []string
+
+	version     string
+	versionOnce sync.Once
 }

 // Descriptor returns a [QPdf]'s module descriptor.
@@ -43,7 +51,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) Descriptor() gotenberg.ModuleDescriptor {
 func (engine *QPdf) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {
 	binPath, ok := os.LookupEnv("QPDF_BIN_PATH")
 	if !ok {
-		return errors.New("QPDF_BIN_PATH environment variable is not set")
+		return errors.New("QPDF_BIN_PATH environment variable is not set; set it to the absolute path of the qpdf binary")
 	}

 	engine.binPath = binPath
@@ -65,32 +73,58 @@ func (engine *QPdf) Validate() error {

 // Debug returns additional debug data.
 func (engine *QPdf) Debug() map[string]any {
-	debug := make(map[string]any)
+	return map[string]any{"version": engine.detectVersion()}
+}

-	cmd := exec.Command(engine.binPath, "--version") //nolint:gosec
-	cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+// detectVersion resolves the qpdf version once, preferring the value captured
+// at image build time so it never spawns qpdf at runtime. It falls back to
+// running qpdf --version for local or non-Docker builds.
+func (engine *QPdf) detectVersion() string {
+	engine.versionOnce.Do(func() {
+		if v, ok := gotenberg.BuildVersion("qpdf"); ok {
+			engine.version = v
+			return
+		}

-	output, err := cmd.Output()
-	if err != nil {
-		debug["version"] = err.Error()
-		return debug
+		cmd := exec.Command(engine.binPath, "--version") //nolint:gosec
+		cmd.SysProcAttr = &syscall.SysProcAttr{Setpgid: true}
+
+		output, err := cmd.Output()
+		if err != nil {
+			engine.version = err.Error()
+			return
+		}
+
+		lines := bytes.SplitN(output, []byte("\n"), 2)
+		if len(lines) > 0 {
+			engine.version = string(lines[0])
+			return
+		}
+
+		engine.version = "Unable to determine QPDF version"
+	})
+
+	return engine.version
+}
+
+// spanAttrs returns the client-span attributes for a qpdf invocation: the
+// server address and the qpdf version, plus any extra attributes. The version
+// rides on every span so a trace records which qpdf ran the operation.
+func (engine *QPdf) spanAttrs(extra ...attribute.KeyValue) []attribute.KeyValue {
+	attrs := make([]attribute.KeyValue, 0, 2+len(extra))
+	attrs = append(attrs, semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath))
+	if v := engine.detectVersion(); v != "" {
+		attrs = append(attrs, attribute.String("gotenberg.qpdf.version", v))
 	}

-	lines := bytes.SplitN(output, []byte("\n"), 2)
-	if len(lines) > 0 {
-		debug["version"] = string(lines[0])
-	} else {
-		debug["version"] = "Unable to determine QPDF version"
-	}
-
-	return debug
+	return append(attrs, extra...)
 }

 // Split splits a given PDF file.
 func (engine *QPdf) Split(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, mode gotenberg.SplitMode, inputPath, outputDirPath string) ([]string, error) {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.Split",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -140,7 +174,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) Split(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, mode gotenbe
 func (engine *QPdf) Merge(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPaths []string, outputPath string) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.Merge",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -176,7 +210,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) Merge(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPaths [
 func (engine *QPdf) Flatten(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.Flatten",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -211,7 +245,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) Flatten(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath
 func (engine *QPdf) Convert(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, formats gotenberg.PdfFormats, inputPath, outputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.Convert",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -225,7 +259,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) Convert(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, formats go
 func (engine *QPdf) ReadMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (map[string]any, error) {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.ReadMetadata",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -239,7 +273,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) ReadMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, input
 func (engine *QPdf) WriteMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, metadata map[string]any, inputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.WriteMetadata",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -253,7 +287,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) WriteMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, meta
 func (engine *QPdf) PageCount(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (int, error) {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.PageCount",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -267,7 +301,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) PageCount(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPat
 func (engine *QPdf) WriteBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, bookmarks []gotenberg.Bookmark) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.WriteBookmarks",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -281,7 +315,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) WriteBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inp
 func (engine *QPdf) ReadBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) ([]gotenberg.Bookmark, error) {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.ReadBookmarks",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -292,29 +326,63 @@ func (engine *QPdf) ReadBookmarks(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inpu
 }

 // Encrypt adds password protection to a PDF file using QPDF.
-func (engine *QPdf) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath, userPassword, ownerPassword string) error {
+// qpdfPermissionArgs maps PDF permissions to QPDF --encrypt restriction flags.
+// It returns nil when every permission is allowed, matching QPDF's default
+// (all actions permitted).
+func qpdfPermissionArgs(p gotenberg.PdfPermissions) []string {
+	if !p.Restricted() {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	yn := func(allowed bool) string {
+		if allowed {
+			return "y"
+		}
+		return "n"
+	}
+
+	print := "full"
+	if !p.AllowPrinting {
+		print = "none"
+	}
+
+	return []string{
+		"--print=" + print,
+		"--extract=" + yn(p.AllowCopying),
+		"--modify-other=" + yn(p.AllowModifying),
+		"--annotate=" + yn(p.AllowAnnotating),
+		"--form=" + yn(p.AllowFillingForms),
+		"--assemble=" + yn(p.AllowAssembling),
+	}
+}
+
+func (engine *QPdf) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, opts gotenberg.EncryptOptions) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.Encrypt",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

-	if userPassword == "" {
-		err := errors.New("user password cannot be empty")
+	ownerPassword := opts.OwnerPassword
+	if ownerPassword == "" {
+		ownerPassword = opts.UserPassword
+	}
+
+	// An empty user password is allowed: it produces an owner-only document.
+	if opts.UserPassword == "" && ownerPassword == "" {
+		err := errors.New("at least a user or owner password is required")
 		span.RecordError(err)
 		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
 		return err
 	}

-	if ownerPassword == "" {
-		ownerPassword = userPassword
-	}
-
-	args := make([]string, 0, 7+len(engine.globalArgs))
+	args := make([]string, 0, 14+len(engine.globalArgs))
 	args = append(args, inputPath)
 	args = append(args, engine.globalArgs...)
 	args = append(args, "--replace-input")
-	args = append(args, "--encrypt", userPassword, ownerPassword, "256", "--")
+	args = append(args, "--encrypt", opts.UserPassword, ownerPassword, "256")
+	args = append(args, qpdfPermissionArgs(opts.Permissions)...)
+	args = append(args, "--")

 	cmd, err := gotenberg.CommandContext(ctx, logger, engine.binPath, args...)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -340,7 +408,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) Encrypt(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath,
 func (engine *QPdf) EmbedFiles(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, filePaths []string, inputPath string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.EmbedFiles",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -357,7 +425,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) EmbedFiles(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, filePat
 func (engine *QPdf) EmbedFilesMetadata(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, metadata map[string]map[string]string, inputPath string) error {
 	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.EmbedFilesMetadata",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -527,8 +595,10 @@ func patchCatalogAF(catalogRef string, catalogValue map[string]any, filespecRefs
 }

 // writeAndApplyUpdate marshals the update objects as QPDF JSON v2, writes
-// them to a temp file, and applies the update via --update-from-json.
-func (engine *QPdf) writeAndApplyUpdate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, updateObjects map[string]any) error {
+// them to a temp file, and applies the update via --update-from-json. extraArgs
+// are appended to the QPDF command (e.g., --json-stream-data=inline when the
+// update replaces stream data).
+func (engine *QPdf) writeAndApplyUpdate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, updateObjects map[string]any, extraArgs ...string) error {
 	updateJSON := map[string]any{
 		"qpdf": []any{
 			map[string]any{
@@ -560,9 +630,10 @@ func (engine *QPdf) writeAndApplyUpdate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger
 		return fmt.Errorf("close temp file: %w", err)
 	}

-	updateArgs := make([]string, 0, 5+len(engine.globalArgs))
+	updateArgs := make([]string, 0, 5+len(engine.globalArgs)+len(extraArgs))
 	updateArgs = append(updateArgs, inputPath)
 	updateArgs = append(updateArgs, engine.globalArgs...)
+	updateArgs = append(updateArgs, extraArgs...)
 	updateArgs = append(updateArgs, "--newline-before-endstream")
 	updateArgs = append(updateArgs, "--update-from-json="+tmpFile.Name())
 	updateArgs = append(updateArgs, "--replace-input")
@@ -635,11 +706,396 @@ func stripQpdfStringPrefix(s string) string {
 	return s
 }

+// facturXNamespaceURI is the Factur-X/ZUGFeRD XMP namespace required by strict
+// validators.
+const facturXNamespaceURI = "urn:factur-x:pdfa:CrossIndustryDocument:invoice:1p0#"
+
+// InjectFacturXXMP injects Factur-X/ZUGFeRD XMP metadata into the document-level
+// XMP packet (Catalog /Metadata stream) of a PDF/A-3 using QPDF's JSON
+// manipulation. It reads the existing XMP packet, splices in the fx
+// rdf:Description plus the PDF/A extension-schema declaration, and writes the
+// stream back uncompressed so the document stays PDF/A-valid.
+//
+// It assumes the input already carries a Catalog /Metadata stream (always true
+// for a LibreOffice PDF/A export). The injection is idempotent: a packet that
+// already declares the fx namespace is left untouched.
+func (engine *QPdf) InjectFacturXXMP(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, facturX gotenberg.FacturX, inputPath string) error {
+	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.InjectFacturXXMP",
+		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs(
+			attribute.String("gotenberg.facturx.conformance_level", facturX.ConformanceLevel),
+			attribute.String("gotenberg.facturx.document_type", facturX.DocumentType),
+		)...),
+	)
+	defer span.End()
+
+	err := validateFacturX(facturX)
+	if err != nil {
+		span.RecordError(err)
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		return err
+	}
+
+	logger.DebugContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("injecting Factur-X XMP into %s with QPDF", inputPath))
+
+	args := append([]string{inputPath}, engine.globalArgs...)
+	args = append(args, "--newline-before-endstream", "--json-output", "--json-stream-data=inline")
+
+	output, err := engine.execCaptureOutput(ctx, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("get PDF JSON with QPDF: %w", err)
+		span.RecordError(err)
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		return err
+	}
+
+	objects, err := parsePdfObjects(output)
+	if err != nil {
+		span.RecordError(err)
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		return err
+	}
+
+	metaKey, metaDict, xmp, err := findMetadataStream(objects)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("locate XMP metadata stream: %w", err)
+		span.RecordError(err)
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		return err
+	}
+
+	newXmp, changed := injectFacturXIntoXMP(xmp, facturX)
+	if !changed {
+		logger.DebugContext(ctx, "Factur-X XMP already present, skipping injection")
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// PDF/A requires the metadata stream to be uncompressed and unfiltered. We
+	// provide the decoded XMP as the new stream data, so any existing filter
+	// must be dropped and the length left for QPDF to recompute.
+	delete(metaDict, "/Filter")
+	delete(metaDict, "/DecodeParms")
+	delete(metaDict, "/Length")
+
+	updateObjects := map[string]any{
+		metaKey: map[string]any{
+			"stream": map[string]any{
+				"dict": metaDict,
+				"data": base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(newXmp)),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	err = engine.writeAndApplyUpdate(ctx, logger, inputPath, updateObjects, "--json-stream-data=inline")
+	if err != nil {
+		span.RecordError(err)
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		return err
+	}
+
+	span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ReadPdfAConformance reads the PDF/A part and conformance from the
+// document-level XMP packet (pdfaid:part and pdfaid:conformance) using QPDF's
+// JSON output. It returns empty strings when the document carries no XMP
+// metadata stream or no PDF/A identification.
+func (engine *QPdf) ReadPdfAConformance(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string) (string, string, error) {
+	ctx, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.ReadPdfAConformance",
+		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
+	)
+	defer span.End()
+
+	logger.DebugContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("reading PDF/A conformance from %s with QPDF", inputPath))
+
+	args := append([]string{inputPath}, engine.globalArgs...)
+	args = append(args, "--json-output", "--json-stream-data=inline")
+
+	output, err := engine.execCaptureOutput(ctx, args...)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = fmt.Errorf("get PDF JSON with QPDF: %w", err)
+		span.RecordError(err)
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+
+	objects, err := parsePdfObjects(output)
+	if err != nil {
+		span.RecordError(err)
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Error, err.Error())
+		return "", "", err
+	}
+
+	_, _, xmp, err := findMetadataStream(objects)
+	if err != nil {
+		// No XMP metadata stream means no PDF/A identification.
+		logger.DebugContext(ctx, fmt.Sprintf("no XMP metadata stream in %s: %s", inputPath, err))
+		span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
+		return "", "", nil
+	}
+
+	part, conformance := parsePdfAId(xmp)
+	span.SetAttributes(
+		attribute.String("gotenberg.pdfa.part", part),
+		attribute.String("gotenberg.pdfa.conformance", conformance),
+	)
+	span.SetStatus(codes.Ok, "")
+	return part, conformance, nil
+}
+
+var (
+	pdfaIdPartRe        = regexp.MustCompile(`pdfaid:part[\s>="']*([0-9]+)`)
+	pdfaIdConformanceRe = regexp.MustCompile(`pdfaid:conformance[\s>="']*([A-Za-z]+)`)
+)
+
+// parsePdfAId extracts the PDF/A part and conformance from an XMP packet. It
+// handles both the element (<pdfaid:part>3</pdfaid:part>) and attribute
+// (pdfaid:part="3") serializations.
+func parsePdfAId(xmp string) (part string, conformance string) {
+	if m := pdfaIdPartRe.FindStringSubmatch(xmp); m != nil {
+		part = m[1]
+	}
+	if m := pdfaIdConformanceRe.FindStringSubmatch(xmp); m != nil {
+		conformance = m[1]
+	}
+	return part, conformance
+}
+
+// validateFacturX checks the Factur-X fields against the supported values.
+func validateFacturX(facturX gotenberg.FacturX) error {
+	switch facturX.ConformanceLevel {
+	case gotenberg.FacturXConformanceMinimum,
+		gotenberg.FacturXConformanceBasicWL,
+		gotenberg.FacturXConformanceBasic,
+		gotenberg.FacturXConformanceEN16931,
+		gotenberg.FacturXConformanceExtended,
+		gotenberg.FacturXConformanceXRechnung:
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("conformance level '%s': %w", facturX.ConformanceLevel, gotenberg.ErrPdfFacturXValueNotSupported)
+	}
+
+	switch facturX.DocumentType {
+	case gotenberg.FacturXDocumentTypeInvoice,
+		gotenberg.FacturXDocumentTypeOrder,
+		gotenberg.FacturXDocumentTypeOrderResponse,
+		gotenberg.FacturXDocumentTypeOrderChange:
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("document type '%s': %w", facturX.DocumentType, gotenberg.ErrPdfFacturXValueNotSupported)
+	}
+
+	if facturX.DocumentFileName == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("document file name is empty: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfFacturXValueNotSupported)
+	}
+
+	if facturX.Version == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("version is empty: %w", gotenberg.ErrPdfFacturXValueNotSupported)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// findMetadataStream locates the document-level XMP metadata stream referenced
+// by the Catalog /Metadata entry. It returns the object key (e.g. "obj:4 0 R"),
+// the stream dict, and the decoded XMP packet.
+func findMetadataStream(objects map[string]json.RawMessage) (string, map[string]any, string, error) {
+	var metadataRef string
+	for _, raw := range objects {
+		var obj map[string]json.RawMessage
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &obj); err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		valueRaw, ok := obj["value"]
+		if !ok {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		var value map[string]any
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(valueRaw, &value); err != nil {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if typeVal, _ := value["/Type"].(string); typeVal == "/Catalog" {
+			metadataRef, _ = value["/Metadata"].(string)
+			break
+		}
+	}
+
+	if metadataRef == "" {
+		return "", nil, "", errors.New("no /Metadata reference in the catalog")
+	}
+
+	// References in values use the "4 0 R" form; object keys use "obj:4 0 R".
+	objKey := "obj:" + metadataRef
+	raw, ok := objects[objKey]
+	if !ok {
+		return "", nil, "", fmt.Errorf("metadata object '%s' not found", objKey)
+	}
+
+	var obj map[string]json.RawMessage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(raw, &obj); err != nil {
+		return "", nil, "", fmt.Errorf("unmarshal metadata object: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	streamRaw, ok := obj["stream"]
+	if !ok {
+		return "", nil, "", errors.New("metadata object is not a stream")
+	}
+
+	var stream struct {
+		Dict map[string]any `json:"dict"`
+		Data string         `json:"data"`
+	}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(streamRaw, &stream); err != nil {
+		return "", nil, "", fmt.Errorf("unmarshal metadata stream: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(stream.Data)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", nil, "", fmt.Errorf("decode metadata stream data: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	dict := stream.Dict
+	if dict == nil {
+		dict = make(map[string]any)
+	}
+
+	return objKey, dict, string(decoded), nil
+}
+
+// injectFacturXIntoXMP splices the fx rdf:Description and the PDF/A
+// extension-schema declaration into an XMP packet. It returns the new packet and
+// whether a change was made (false when the fx namespace is already present).
+func injectFacturXIntoXMP(xmp string, facturX gotenberg.FacturX) (string, bool) {
+	if strings.Contains(xmp, facturXNamespaceURI) {
+		return xmp, false
+	}
+
+	anchor := strings.LastIndex(xmp, "</rdf:RDF>")
+	if anchor == -1 {
+		return xmp, false
+	}
+
+	insert := facturXDescription(facturX)
+
+	if strings.Contains(xmp, "pdfaExtension:schemas") {
+		// An extension-schema bag already exists (e.g. emitted by another tool):
+		// splice the fx Description, then append the fx schema entry into the bag.
+		spliced := xmp[:anchor] + insert + xmp[anchor:]
+		return injectSchemaIntoExistingBag(spliced), true
+	}
+
+	// No extension-schema bag yet (the LibreOffice PDF/A case): create the whole
+	// container alongside the fx Description.
+	insert += facturXExtensionSchema()
+	return xmp[:anchor] + insert + xmp[anchor:], true
+}
+
+// injectSchemaIntoExistingBag appends the fx schema entry into an existing
+// pdfaExtension:schemas bag.
+func injectSchemaIntoExistingBag(xmp string) string {
+	mi := strings.Index(xmp, "pdfaExtension:schemas")
+	if mi == -1 {
+		return xmp
+	}
+
+	bag := strings.Index(xmp[mi:], "<rdf:Bag")
+	if bag == -1 {
+		return xmp
+	}
+
+	gt := strings.Index(xmp[mi+bag:], ">")
+	if gt == -1 {
+		return xmp
+	}
+
+	pos := mi + bag + gt + 1
+	return xmp[:pos] + "\n" + facturXSchemaLi() + xmp[pos:]
+}
+
+// facturXDescription builds the fx rdf:Description carrying the runtime values.
+func facturXDescription(facturX gotenberg.FacturX) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`  <rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:fx="%s">
+   <fx:DocumentType>%s</fx:DocumentType>
+   <fx:DocumentFileName>%s</fx:DocumentFileName>
+   <fx:Version>%s</fx:Version>
+   <fx:ConformanceLevel>%s</fx:ConformanceLevel>
+  </rdf:Description>
+`,
+		facturXNamespaceURI,
+		xmlEscape(facturX.DocumentType),
+		xmlEscape(facturX.DocumentFileName),
+		xmlEscape(facturX.Version),
+		xmlEscape(facturX.ConformanceLevel),
+	)
+}
+
+// facturXExtensionSchema builds the rdf:Description that declares the PDF/A
+// extension schema for the fx namespace, including the namespace declarations.
+func facturXExtensionSchema() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`  <rdf:Description rdf:about="" xmlns:pdfaExtension="http://www.aiim.org/pdfa/ns/extension/" xmlns:pdfaSchema="http://www.aiim.org/pdfa/ns/schema#" xmlns:pdfaProperty="http://www.aiim.org/pdfa/ns/property#">
+   <pdfaExtension:schemas>
+    <rdf:Bag>
+%s
+    </rdf:Bag>
+   </pdfaExtension:schemas>
+  </rdf:Description>
+`, facturXSchemaLi())
+}
+
+// facturXSchemaLi builds the rdf:li describing the fx schema and its four
+// properties. These are fixed schema definitions, not runtime invoice values.
+func facturXSchemaLi() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(`     <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
+      <pdfaSchema:schema>Factur-X PDFA Extension Schema</pdfaSchema:schema>
+      <pdfaSchema:namespaceURI>%s</pdfaSchema:namespaceURI>
+      <pdfaSchema:prefix>fx</pdfaSchema:prefix>
+      <pdfaSchema:property>
+       <rdf:Seq>
+        <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
+         <pdfaProperty:name>DocumentFileName</pdfaProperty:name>
+         <pdfaProperty:valueType>Text</pdfaProperty:valueType>
+         <pdfaProperty:category>external</pdfaProperty:category>
+         <pdfaProperty:description>name of the embedded XML invoice file</pdfaProperty:description>
+        </rdf:li>
+        <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
+         <pdfaProperty:name>DocumentType</pdfaProperty:name>
+         <pdfaProperty:valueType>Text</pdfaProperty:valueType>
+         <pdfaProperty:category>external</pdfaProperty:category>
+         <pdfaProperty:description>The type of the embedded Factur-X document</pdfaProperty:description>
+        </rdf:li>
+        <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
+         <pdfaProperty:name>Version</pdfaProperty:name>
+         <pdfaProperty:valueType>Text</pdfaProperty:valueType>
+         <pdfaProperty:category>external</pdfaProperty:category>
+         <pdfaProperty:description>The actual version of the Factur-X XML schema</pdfaProperty:description>
+        </rdf:li>
+        <rdf:li rdf:parseType="Resource">
+         <pdfaProperty:name>ConformanceLevel</pdfaProperty:name>
+         <pdfaProperty:valueType>Text</pdfaProperty:valueType>
+         <pdfaProperty:category>external</pdfaProperty:category>
+         <pdfaProperty:description>The conformance level of the embedded Factur-X data</pdfaProperty:description>
+        </rdf:li>
+       </rdf:Seq>
+      </pdfaSchema:property>
+     </rdf:li>`, facturXNamespaceURI)
+}
+
+// xmlEscape escapes a string for safe inclusion in XML character data.
+func xmlEscape(s string) string {
+	var buf bytes.Buffer
+	_ = xml.EscapeText(&buf, []byte(s))
+	return buf.String()
+}
+
 // Watermark is not available in this implementation.
 func (engine *QPdf) Watermark(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp gotenberg.Stamp) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.Watermark",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -653,7 +1109,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) Watermark(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPat
 func (engine *QPdf) Stamp(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, stamp gotenberg.Stamp) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.Stamp",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

@@ -667,7 +1123,7 @@ func (engine *QPdf) Stamp(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath st
 func (engine *QPdf) Rotate(ctx context.Context, logger *slog.Logger, inputPath string, angle int, pages string) error {
 	_, span := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx, "qpdf.Rotate",
 		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient),
-		trace.WithAttributes(semconv.ServerAddress(engine.binPath)),
+		trace.WithAttributes(engine.spanAttrs()...),
 	)
 	defer span.End()

--- a/pkg/modules/qpdf/version_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/qpdf/version_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+package qpdf
+
+import (
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
+)
+
+func TestQPdfDetectVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Run("prefers the build-time version without executing qpdf", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "qpdf"), []byte("qpdf version 11.9.0\n"), 0o600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("write version file: %v", err)
+		}
+		t.Setenv(gotenberg.BuildVersionsDirPathEnvVar, dir)
+
+		// A bogus binPath would error if executed, so a correct result proves
+		// the build-time file is used instead of running qpdf.
+		engine := &QPdf{binPath: "/nonexistent/qpdf"}
+		if got := engine.Debug()["version"]; got != "qpdf version 11.9.0" {
+			t.Errorf("Debug()[version] = %v, want the build-time value", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("falls back to executing qpdf when no build-time version", func(t *testing.T) {
+		t.Setenv(gotenberg.BuildVersionsDirPathEnvVar, "")
+
+		// With no build-time file and a bogus binPath, the exec fallback runs
+		// and records its error rather than a build-time value.
+		engine := &QPdf{binPath: "/nonexistent/qpdf"}
+		if got := engine.Debug()["version"]; got == "qpdf version 11.9.0" {
+			t.Errorf("Debug()[version] = %v, expected the exec fallback", got)
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("exposes the version as a span attribute", func(t *testing.T) {
+		dir := t.TempDir()
+		if err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join(dir, "qpdf"), []byte("qpdf version 12.2.0"), 0o600); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("write version file: %v", err)
+		}
+		t.Setenv(gotenberg.BuildVersionsDirPathEnvVar, dir)
+
+		// spanAttrs is what gets handed to trace.WithAttributes, so its output
+		// is exactly what a span carries.
+		engine := &QPdf{binPath: "/nonexistent/qpdf"}
+		var got string
+		for _, attr := range engine.spanAttrs() {
+			if attr.Key == "gotenberg.qpdf.version" {
+				got = attr.Value.AsString()
+			}
+		}
+		if got != "qpdf version 12.2.0" {
+			t.Errorf("span attribute gotenberg.qpdf.version = %q, want the build-time value", got)
+		}
+	})
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/webhook/async_context.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/webhook/async_context.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+package webhook
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/modules/api"
+)
+
+// detachAsyncContext detaches ctx from the inbound request lifecycle so the
+// webhook goroutine survives echo recycling the request, while preserving the
+// conversion deadline and the caller's trace.
+//
+// Echo cancels the request context as soon as the synchronous handler returns
+// [api.ErrAsyncProcess], which would abort the asynchronous work. Detaching via
+// [context.WithoutCancel] severs that cancellation while keeping the context
+// values. [context.WithoutCancel] also drops the deadline, so it is re-layered.
+//
+// The server span ends as soon as that handler returns, so its span context is
+// re-seated as a remote, non-recording parent: the asynchronous worker keeps
+// the same trace without recording into a span that is about to end. A
+// worker-root [webhook.Async] span is then opened, linked back to the
+// originating request span, and stays open for the whole delivery so downstream
+// conversion and webhook spans have a live parent in the caller's trace.
+//
+// The returned cancel function ends the worker span and cleans up both the
+// detached context and the original working directory.
+func detachAsyncContext(ctx *api.Context, cancel context.CancelFunc) context.CancelFunc {
+	deadline, hasDeadline := ctx.Deadline()
+
+	serverSpanCtx := trace.SpanContextFromContext(ctx.Context)
+	base := context.WithoutCancel(ctx.Context)
+	if serverSpanCtx.IsValid() {
+		base = trace.ContextWithRemoteSpanContext(base, serverSpanCtx)
+	}
+
+	var detachedCtx context.Context
+	var detachedCancel context.CancelFunc
+	if hasDeadline {
+		detachedCtx, detachedCancel = context.WithDeadline(base, deadline)
+	} else {
+		// Fallback if no deadline was set (rare, as newContext enforces it).
+		detachedCtx, detachedCancel = context.WithCancel(base)
+	}
+
+	startOpts := []trace.SpanStartOption{trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindInternal)}
+	if serverSpanCtx.IsValid() {
+		startOpts = append(startOpts, trace.WithLinks(trace.Link{SpanContext: serverSpanCtx}))
+	}
+
+	workerCtx, workerSpan := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(detachedCtx, "webhook.Async", startOpts...)
+	ctx.Context = workerCtx
+
+	originalCancel := cancel
+	return func() {
+		workerSpan.End()
+		detachedCancel()
+		originalCancel()
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/webhook/async_context_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/webhook/async_context_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+package webhook
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/modules/api"
+)
+
+func TestDetachAsyncContext_PreservesTraceContext(t *testing.T) {
+	traceID, _ := trace.TraceIDFromHex("0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef")
+	spanID, _ := trace.SpanIDFromHex("0123456789abcdef")
+	sc := trace.NewSpanContext(trace.SpanContextConfig{
+		TraceID:    traceID,
+		SpanID:     spanID,
+		TraceFlags: trace.FlagsSampled,
+		Remote:     true,
+	})
+
+	reqCtx, reqCancel := context.WithDeadline(
+		trace.ContextWithSpanContext(context.Background(), sc),
+		time.Now().Add(2*time.Hour),
+	)
+	defer reqCancel()
+
+	ctx := &api.Context{Context: reqCtx}
+	cancel := detachAsyncContext(ctx, func() {})
+	defer cancel()
+
+	got := trace.SpanContextFromContext(ctx.Context)
+	if got.TraceID() != sc.TraceID() {
+		t.Errorf("expected the detached context to keep trace id %s, got %s", sc.TraceID(), got.TraceID())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDetachAsyncContext_PreservesDeadline(t *testing.T) {
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(2 * time.Hour)
+	reqCtx, reqCancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), deadline)
+	defer reqCancel()
+
+	ctx := &api.Context{Context: reqCtx}
+	cancel := detachAsyncContext(ctx, func() {})
+	defer cancel()
+
+	got, ok := ctx.Deadline()
+	if !ok {
+		t.Fatal("expected the detached context to keep a deadline")
+	}
+	if !got.Equal(deadline) {
+		t.Errorf("expected deadline %v, got %v", deadline, got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDetachAsyncContext_SurvivesRequestCancellation(t *testing.T) {
+	reqCtx, reqCancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), time.Now().Add(2*time.Hour))
+
+	ctx := &api.Context{Context: reqCtx}
+	cancel := detachAsyncContext(ctx, func() {})
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// Cancelling the inbound request must not abort the detached context.
+	reqCancel()
+
+	if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
+		t.Errorf("expected the detached context to survive request cancellation, got %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDetachAsyncContext_CancelInvokesOriginal(t *testing.T) {
+	reqCtx, reqCancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), time.Now().Add(time.Hour))
+	defer reqCancel()
+
+	called := 0
+	ctx := &api.Context{Context: reqCtx}
+	cancel := detachAsyncContext(ctx, func() { called++ })
+
+	cancel()
+	if called != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected the original cancel to be invoked once, got %d", called)
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/webhook/middleware.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/webhook/middleware.go
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ func webhookMiddleware(w *Webhook) api.Middleware {
 						startTime:        startTime,

 						client: &retryablehttp.Client{
-							HTTPClient:   gotenberg.NewOutboundHttpClient(w.clientTimeout, w.allowList, w.denyList, ipOpts...),
+							HTTPClient:   gotenberg.NewOutboundHttpClient(w.clientTimeout, w.allowList, w.denyList, w.enableEnvironmentProxy, ipOpts...),
 							RetryMax:     w.maxRetry,
 							RetryWaitMin: w.retryMinWait,
 							RetryWaitMax: w.retryMaxWait,
@@ -314,27 +314,7 @@ func webhookMiddleware(w *Webhook) api.Middleware {
 						return c.NoContent(http.StatusNoContent)
 					}

-					if deadline, ok := ctx.Deadline(); ok {
-						// Create a new context derived from Background (detached from Request)
-						// but with the same deadline as the original context.
-						detachedCtx, detachedCancel := context.WithDeadline(context.Background(), deadline)
-
-						// Replace the embedded context in the api.Context struct.
-						// The modules downstream will now use this detached context.
-						ctx.Context = detachedCtx
-
-						// We must wrap the cancel function.
-						// 1. detachedCancel() cleans up our new detached context.
-						// 2. originalCancel() (captured from c.Get("cancel")) cleans up the working directory.
-						originalCancel := cancel
-						cancel = func() {
-							detachedCancel()
-							originalCancel()
-						}
-					} else {
-						// Fallback if no deadline was set (rare, as newContext enforces it).
-						ctx.Context = context.Background()
-					}
+					cancel = detachAsyncContext(ctx, cancel)

 					// As a webhook URL has been given, we handle the request in a
 					// goroutine and return immediately.
--- a/pkg/modules/webhook/middleware_trace_test.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/webhook/middleware_trace_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package webhook
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel"
+	sdktrace "go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/sdk/trace/tracetest"
+	"go.opentelemetry.io/otel/trace"
+
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/gotenberg"
+	"github.com/gotenberg/gotenberg/v8/pkg/modules/api"
+)
+
+// TestDetachAsyncContext_TraceContinuity asserts that an asynchronous webhook
+// conversion stays in the inbound request's trace: the worker-root
+// webhook.Async span and the downstream conversion span share the server
+// span's trace id, and webhook.Async links back to the server span.
+func TestDetachAsyncContext_TraceContinuity(t *testing.T) {
+	recorder := tracetest.NewSpanRecorder()
+	provider := sdktrace.NewTracerProvider(sdktrace.WithSpanProcessor(recorder))
+
+	previous := otel.GetTracerProvider()
+	otel.SetTracerProvider(provider)
+	t.Cleanup(func() { otel.SetTracerProvider(previous) })
+
+	serverCtx, serverSpan := provider.Tracer("test").Start(
+		context.Background(),
+		"POST /forms/chromium/convert/html",
+		trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindServer),
+	)
+	serverSpanCtx := serverSpan.SpanContext()
+
+	reqCtx, reqCancel := context.WithDeadline(serverCtx, time.Now().Add(time.Hour))
+	defer reqCancel()
+
+	ctx := &api.Context{Context: reqCtx}
+	cancel := detachAsyncContext(ctx, func() {})
+
+	// Simulate a downstream conversion span using the detached context, as the
+	// chromium/libreoffice engines would.
+	_, conversionSpan := gotenberg.Tracer().Start(ctx.Context, "chromium.Pdf", trace.WithSpanKind(trace.SpanKindClient))
+	conversionSpan.End()
+
+	// The server span ends when the synchronous handler returns, before the
+	// asynchronous worker finishes.
+	serverSpan.End()
+	cancel()
+
+	var asyncSpan, conversion sdktrace.ReadOnlySpan
+	for _, s := range recorder.Ended() {
+		switch s.Name() {
+		case "webhook.Async":
+			asyncSpan = s
+		case "chromium.Pdf":
+			conversion = s
+		}
+	}
+
+	if asyncSpan == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected a webhook.Async span to be recorded")
+	}
+	if conversion == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected a chromium.Pdf span to be recorded")
+	}
+
+	if conversion.SpanContext().TraceID() != serverSpanCtx.TraceID() {
+		t.Errorf("conversion span trace id = %s, want %s", conversion.SpanContext().TraceID(), serverSpanCtx.TraceID())
+	}
+	if asyncSpan.SpanContext().TraceID() != serverSpanCtx.TraceID() {
+		t.Errorf("webhook.Async trace id = %s, want %s", asyncSpan.SpanContext().TraceID(), serverSpanCtx.TraceID())
+	}
+	if conversion.Parent().SpanID() != asyncSpan.SpanContext().SpanID() {
+		t.Errorf("conversion span parent = %s, want webhook.Async %s", conversion.Parent().SpanID(), asyncSpan.SpanContext().SpanID())
+	}
+
+	links := asyncSpan.Links()
+	if len(links) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected webhook.Async to have 1 link, got %d", len(links))
+	}
+	if links[0].SpanContext.SpanID() != serverSpanCtx.SpanID() {
+		t.Errorf("webhook.Async link span id = %s, want %s", links[0].SpanContext.SpanID(), serverSpanCtx.SpanID())
+	}
+}
--- a/pkg/modules/webhook/webhook.go
+++ b/pkg/modules/webhook/webhook.go
@@ -18,19 +18,20 @@ func init() {
 // Webhook is a module that provides a middleware for uploading output files
 // to any destinations in an asynchronous fashion.
 type Webhook struct {
-	enableSyncMode bool
-	allowList      []*regexp2.Regexp
-	denyList       []*regexp2.Regexp
-	errorAllowList []*regexp2.Regexp
-	errorDenyList  []*regexp2.Regexp
-	denyPrivateIPs bool
-	denyPublicIPs  bool
-	maxRetry       int
-	retryMinWait   time.Duration
-	retryMaxWait   time.Duration
-	clientTimeout  time.Duration
-	asyncCount     atomic.Int64
-	disable        bool
+	enableSyncMode         bool
+	allowList              []*regexp2.Regexp
+	denyList               []*regexp2.Regexp
+	errorAllowList         []*regexp2.Regexp
+	errorDenyList          []*regexp2.Regexp
+	denyPrivateIPs         bool
+	denyPublicIPs          bool
+	enableEnvironmentProxy bool
+	maxRetry               int
+	retryMinWait           time.Duration
+	retryMaxWait           time.Duration
+	clientTimeout          time.Duration
+	asyncCount             atomic.Int64
+	disable                bool
 }

 // Descriptor returns an [Webhook]'s module descriptor.
@@ -44,6 +45,7 @@ func (w *Webhook) Descriptor() gotenberg.ModuleDescriptor {
 			fs.StringSlice("webhook-deny-list", []string{}, "Set the denied URLs for the webhook feature using regular expressions - supports multiple values")
 			fs.Bool("webhook-deny-private-ips", false, "Reject webhook URLs whose host resolves to a non-public IP address (loopback, RFC1918, link-local, unique-local). Enable on deployments that accept untrusted webhook destinations to mitigate SSRF against internal services")
 			fs.Bool("webhook-deny-public-ips", false, "Reject webhook URLs whose host resolves to a public IP address. Enable on air-gapped or data-governed deployments to prevent callbacks from leaving a private network")
+			fs.Bool("webhook-enable-environment-proxy", false, "Route webhook callbacks through the proxy defined by the standard HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY, and NO_PROXY variables, including credentials")
 			fs.Int("webhook-max-retry", 4, "Set the maximum number of retries for the webhook feature")

 			// Deprecated flags.
@@ -78,6 +80,7 @@ func (w *Webhook) Provision(ctx *gotenberg.Context) error {
 	w.errorDenyList = flags.MustDeprecatedRegexpSlice("webhook-error-deny-list", "webhook-deny-list")
 	w.denyPrivateIPs = flags.MustBool("webhook-deny-private-ips")
 	w.denyPublicIPs = flags.MustBool("webhook-deny-public-ips")
+	w.enableEnvironmentProxy = flags.MustBool("webhook-enable-environment-proxy")
 	w.maxRetry = flags.MustInt("webhook-max-retry")
 	w.retryMinWait = flags.MustDuration("webhook-retry-min-wait")
 	w.retryMaxWait = flags.MustDuration("webhook-retry-max-wait")
--- a/test/integration/README.md
+++ b/test/integration/README.md
@@ -68,9 +68,11 @@ Available tags:
 - `the "<name>" PDF should have <N> page(s)`
 - `the "<name>" PDF (should|should NOT) be set to landscape orientation`
 - `the "<name>" PDF (should|should NOT) have the following content at page <N>:` (docstring)
+- `the "<name>" PDF (should|should NOT) have content matching "<regexp>" at page <N>`
 - `the (response|webhook request) PDF(s) should be valid "<standard>" with a tolerance of <N> failed rule(s)` (standards: `PDF/A-1b`, `PDF/A-2b`, `PDF/A-3b`, `PDF/UA-1`, `PDF/UA-2`)
 - `the (response|webhook request) PDF(s) (should|should NOT) be flatten`
 - `the (response|webhook request) PDF(s) (should|should NOT) be encrypted`
+- `the (response|webhook request) PDF(s) (should|should NOT) allow "<action>"` (actions: `printing`, `copying`, `modifying`, `annotating`)
 - `the (response|webhook request) PDF(s) (should|should NOT) have the "<filename>" file embedded`
 - `the "<name>" PDF should have <N> image(s)`
 - `the Gotenberg container (should|should NOT) log the following entries:` (table of log substrings)
--- a/test/integration/features/chromium_convert_html.feature
+++ b/test/integration/features/chromium_convert_html.feature
@@ -548,6 +548,25 @@ Feature: /forms/chromium/convert/html
      Error: Exception 2
      """

+  Scenario: POST /forms/chromium/convert/html (Document Outline)
+    Given I have a default Gotenberg container
+    When I make a "POST" request to Gotenberg at the "/forms/chromium/convert/html" endpoint with the following form data and header(s):
+      | files                     | testdata/page-outline-html/index.html | file   |
+      | generateDocumentOutline   | true                                  | field  |
+      | Gotenberg-Output-Filename | foo                                   | header |
+    Then the response status code should be 200
+    Then the response header "Content-Type" should be "application/pdf"
+    Then there should be 1 PDF(s) in the response
+    # generateTaggedPdf is left unset, yet the outline must still be embedded:
+    # Gotenberg enables tagged PDF automatically because Chromium derives the
+    # outline from the structure tree. See issue #1579.
+    Then the "foo.pdf" PDF should have a document outline
+    When I make a "POST" request to Gotenberg at the "/forms/chromium/convert/html" endpoint with the following form data and header(s):
+      | files                     | testdata/page-outline-html/index.html | file   |
+      | Gotenberg-Output-Filename | bar                                   | header |
+    Then the response status code should be 200
+    Then the "bar.pdf" PDF should NOT have a document outline
+
  Scenario: POST /forms/chromium/convert/html (Bad Request)
    Given I have a default Gotenberg container
    When I make a "POST" request to Gotenberg at the "/forms/chromium/convert/html" endpoint with the following form data and header(s):
@@ -735,7 +754,7 @@ Feature: /forms/chromium/convert/html
    Then the response header "Content-Type" should be "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"
    Then the response body should match string:
      """
-      At least one PDF engine cannot process the requested PDF split mode, while others may have failed to split due to different issues
+      The requested split mode is not supported, or no PDF engine could process it. Valid modes: 'intervals', 'pages'.
      """
    When I make a "POST" request to Gotenberg at the "/forms/chromium/convert/html" endpoint with the following form data and header(s):
      | files | testdata/page-1-html/index.html | file  |
@@ -744,7 +763,7 @@ Feature: /forms/chromium/convert/html
    Then the response header "Content-Type" should be "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"
    Then the response body should match string:
      """
-      At least one PDF engine cannot process the requested PDF format, while others may have failed to convert due to different issues
+      The requested PDF format is not supported, or no PDF engine could apply it. Valid formats include PDF/A-1b, PDF/A-2b, PDF/A-3b, and PDF/UA.
      """
    When I make a "POST" request to Gotenberg at the "/forms/chromium/convert/html" endpoint with the following form data and header(s):
      | files | testdata/page-1-html/index.html | file  |
--- a/test/integration/features/chromium_convert_markdown.feature
+++ b/test/integration/features/chromium_convert_markdown.feature
@@ -652,7 +652,7 @@ Feature: /forms/chromium/convert/markdown
    Then the response header "Content-Type" should be "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"
    Then the response body should match string:
      """
-      At least one PDF engine cannot process the requested PDF split mode, while others may have failed to split due to different issues
+      The requested split mode is not supported, or no PDF engine could process it. Valid modes: 'intervals', 'pages'.
      """
    When I make a "POST" request to Gotenberg at the "/forms/chromium/convert/markdown" endpoint with the following form data and header(s):
      | files | testdata/page-1-markdown/index.html | file  |
@@ -662,7 +662,7 @@ Feature: /forms/chromium/convert/markdown
    Then the response header "Content-Type" should be "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"
    Then the response body should match string:
      """
-      At least one PDF engine cannot process the requested PDF format, while others may have failed to convert due to different issues
+      The requested PDF format is not supported, or no PDF engine could apply it. Valid formats include PDF/A-1b, PDF/A-2b, PDF/A-3b, and PDF/UA.
      """
    When I make a "POST" request to Gotenberg at the "/forms/chromium/convert/markdown" endpoint with the following form data and header(s):
      | files | testdata/page-1-markdown/index.html | file  |
--- a/test/integration/features/chromium_convert_url.feature
+++ b/test/integration/features/chromium_convert_url.feature
@@ -815,7 +815,7 @@ Feature: /forms/chromium/convert/url
    Then the response header "Content-Type" should be "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"
    Then the response body should match string:
      """
-      At least one PDF engine cannot process the requested PDF split mode, while others may have failed to split due to different issues
+      The requested split mode is not supported, or no PDF engine could process it. Valid modes: 'intervals', 'pages'.
      """
    Given I have a static server
    When I make a "POST" request to Gotenberg at the "/forms/chromium/convert/url" endpoint with the following form data and header(s):
@@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ Feature: /forms/chromium/convert/url
    Then the response header "Content-Type" should be "text/plain; charset=UTF-8"
    Then the response body should match string:
      """
-      At least one PDF engine cannot process the requested PDF format, while others may have failed to convert due to different issues
+      The requested PDF format is not supported, or no PDF engine could apply it. Valid formats include PDF/A-1b, PDF/A-2b, PDF/A-3b, and PDF/UA.
      """
    Given I have a static server
    When I make a "POST" request to Gotenberg at the "/forms/chromium/convert/url" endpoint with the following form data and header(s):
--- a/test/integration/features/chromium_screenshot_html.feature
+++ b/test/integration/features/chromium_screenshot_html.feature
@@ -72,6 +72,15 @@ Feature: /forms/chromium/screenshot/html
    Then the response status code should be 200
    Then the response header "Content-Type" should be "image/png"

+  Scenario: POST /forms/chromium/screenshot/html (Device Scale Factor)
+    Given I have a default Gotenberg container
+    When I make a "POST" request to Gotenberg at the "/forms/chromium/screenshot/html" endpoint with the following form data and header(s):
+      | files                     | testdata/page-1-html/index.html | file   |
+      | deviceScaleFactor         | 1.0                             | field  |
+      | Gotenberg-Output-Filename | foo                             | header |
+    Then the response status code should be 200
+    Then the response header "Content-Type" should be "image/png"
+
  Scenario: POST /forms/chromium/screenshot/html (Omit Background)
    Given I have a default Gotenberg container
    When I make a "POST" request to Gotenberg at the "/forms/chromium/screenshot/html" endpoint with the following form data and header(s):
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More